Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns suppressed emotions, particularly sadness, and extends to concepts of discoloration, ineffective cleansing, and warming applications.

This root primarily relates to ingratitude and denial, particularly of blessings. It also extends to concepts of cutting or severing, and a specific geographical or tribal name.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of sea fish. It appears in classical poetry to describe this fish, often in the context of food preparation.

This root primarily deals with the concept of nearing or almost doing something, often implying failure to complete the action. It also extends to meanings of intention, desire, and a lack of willingness or effort.

This root primarily describes the action of a donkey running or moving quickly. It also extends to the trembling or fluttering of a young bird towards its mother.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deception, cunning, and trickery. It extends to encompass effort, exertion, and even the act of struggling or dying, as well as physical manifestations like vomiting.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or being dense/compact. It extends to things that are attached, accumulated, or densely packed, such as hair, wool, or even people gathered together. It also encompasses the idea of staying in a place.

This root primarily concerns deviation, injustice, and inclining away from something. It also extends to the specific act of digging a grave niche and seeking refuge.

This root primarily concerns sides, flanks, and opposition. It extends to concepts of forceful contention, stubbornness, and the act of turning or looking around. It also includes specific geographical locations and types of containers.

The root لسد primarily relates to the act of licking or consuming, particularly in the context of young animals nursing or animals licking up liquids. It also extends to the idea of consuming honey.

This root primarily concerns anatomical features around the neck and jaw area. It also extends to concepts of guiding or returning something to the right path, and a state of suppressed anger or rage.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or becoming firmly attached. It extends to the idea of something being persistent or difficult to remove, and also includes a tool used for pounding.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of burdening, weighing down, and exhausting something or someone. It extends to concepts of pushing someone down, humiliating them, and also to the idea of being slow or sluggish due to such pressure.

This root primarily relates to softness, tenderness, and suppleness, particularly in plants and young people. It can also refer to acquiring or earning something, and in one instance, a specific place.

The root 'مجد' primarily relates to nobility, generosity, and honor, often inherited through lineage. It also extends to concepts of abundance in feeding animals and a metaphorical sense of abundance in resources.

The root مدد (m-d-d) primarily relates to extending, stretching, prolonging, and increasing. It encompasses concepts of physical extension, temporal duration, augmentation, and support, as well as related ideas like flow, measurement, and sustenance.

The root 'm-r-d' primarily relates to concepts of smoothness, lack of growth or adornment, and defiance or rebellion. It extends to descriptions of barrenness, unadorned objects, and stubborn or rebellious individuals, as well as actions like smoothing or softening.

This root primarily relates to ropes and cords made from various materials like palm fibers, animal hides, or wool. It also extends to the skillful twisting or braiding of such materials, and metaphorically to a well-built or strong physique. Additionally, it encompasses the concept of continuous night travel and provisions.

This root primarily relates to concepts of sucking, consuming, and intense closeness or connection. It extends to meanings of protection, sustenance, and even sexual intercourse, reflecting a core idea of drawing something in or holding it tightly.

The root 'معد' primarily relates to the concept of swift movement, speed, and attraction. It also extends to meanings associated with freshness, tenderness, and the digestive organ.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of drink made from honey, often associated with a village in the Levant. It also appears in a poetic context, possibly referring to the act of drinking or the drink itself.

This root primarily relates to the concept of remaining in a place, being steadfast, or enduring. It extends to describe things that are stable or constant, such as the milk of a camel or the water in a well.

This root primarily relates to the concept of softness, smoothness, and gentleness, often applied to physical attributes like skin or texture. It can also extend to describe a state of being well-maintained or pampered.

This root primarily concerns the concept of making something smooth, level, or prepared. It extends to the idea of a prepared resting place, like a cradle, and metaphorically to smoothing or settling matters and excuses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of movement, specifically swaying, shaking, or moving with a certain gait. It extends to the place where such movement occurs and can also refer to a proper name.

This root appears to relate to a severe, overwhelming calamity or disaster. The derived terms describe a significant and threatening event.

The root نجد (najada) primarily relates to elevated land, high ground, and the region of Najd in Arabia. It extends to concepts of ascent, reaching high points, and by extension, striving for high matters. It also encompasses notions of assistance, strength, and courage, as well as the idea of being tested or experienced.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a camel or animal bolting and running away, often in a panicked or aimless manner. It also extends to the idea of something being elevated or a mound, and metaphorically to making something widely known or public.

This root primarily concerns the act of seeking, asking, or requesting, often with an emphasis on invoking God or a higher power. It extends to recognizing, recalling, and reciting, particularly in the context of poetry.

This root primarily concerns the concept of placing things one upon another, stacking, or arranging them in layers. It extends to describe items that are stacked, such as household goods or even abstract concepts like lineage and natural formations.

The root نقد (naqd) primarily relates to the act of giving, receiving, and examining money or goods, particularly for authenticity. It extends to concepts of critical examination, sharp observation, and also encompasses specific meanings related to animals, physical ailments, and even a type of plant.

This root primarily concerns hardship, difficulty, and unpleasantness, particularly in relation to livelihood, water sources, and personal disposition. It extends to concepts of misfortune and barrenness.

The root نهد (nahada) primarily relates to rising, ascending, or becoming prominent. It extends to concepts of generosity, fullness, and even specific tribal or geographical references. The root also encompasses actions related to war and contribution.

This root primarily concerns the act of burying a child alive, particularly female infants, a practice historically associated with certain Arab tribes. It also extends to meanings related to slow, deliberate movement and careful consideration.

This root primarily concerns states of hardship, distress, and anger. It describes severe living conditions, a person in a bad state, and the act of becoming angry.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a stake, peg, or something firmly driven into the ground. It extends to related ideas of firmness, stability, and even physical erection.

The root وجد primarily relates to the concepts of finding, encountering, and possessing. It extends to emotional states like grief and anger, as well as the state of being rich or wealthy. The root also encompasses the idea of existence and being brought into being.

This root primarily concerns the concept of singularity, uniqueness, and being alone. It encompasses terms for being solitary, the number one, and expressions denoting exceptional or unparalleled individuals.

This root describes a specific gait or manner of walking, particularly for camels, characterized by a distinctive leg movement. It also refers to the animal exhibiting this gait.

This root primarily concerns the concept of wishing, desiring, and loving. It encompasses various forms of expressing a wish or hope, as well as the state of affection and love between people. It also includes some less common or specialized meanings related to objects and proper nouns.

The root 'ورد' primarily relates to the concept of arriving, coming to, or bringing something to a place, especially water. It extends to meanings of a portion, a specific time, a path, and also describes colors and physical attributes.

This root primarily relates to the concept of placing something under the head, specifically a pillow or cushion for support. It extends metaphorically to encouraging or inciting something, particularly a dog towards hunting.

This root primarily relates to the concept of enclosing, shutting, or blocking, often with a sense of finality or completeness. It also extends to terms for enclosed spaces and dense vegetation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of establishing, firming, and making something solid or heavy. It extends to the idea of being firmly fixed or settled, and also to physical actions of pressing or embedding.

The root 'وعد' primarily concerns the concept of promising, encompassing both positive and negative intentions. It extends to the act of threatening, the appointed time or place for a promise, and collective engagement in promising or threatening.

This root primarily relates to serving or attending to others, often in a menial capacity. It also extends to concepts of lowliness, a specific type of arrow in a game of chance, and a peculiar gait in camels.

This root primarily concerns the concept of coming or arriving, especially as a delegate or envoy. It extends to the idea of approaching, overseeing, and even the physical features of a person or landscape that protrude or stand out.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fire igniting, burning, and the fuel used for it. It extends to related ideas like intensity of heat and places where fire is made.

This root primarily concerns the concept of strengthening, confirming, or making something firm and certain. It extends to the idea of intention or purpose, and also includes a specific term for a rope used in animal husbandry.