Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns a twisting or contortion, particularly of a leg or foot, leading to a shortened or crooked appearance. It also extends metaphorically to denote swiftness or urgency.

This root primarily relates to the concept of excellence and high quality, particularly in camels. It also extends to describe a type of abdominal pain or cramping.

This root primarily concerns the concept of slipping, sliding, or escaping. It extends to things that are slippery or difficult to grasp, as well as the act of escaping from a situation or person. It can also denote speed and swiftness.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being barren or infertile, specifically for female animals. It also extends to the base or foundation of a mountain.

This root describes a state of being thin, emaciated, or withered, often due to old age or the loss of flesh. It can also refer to the process of becoming lean or losing weight.

This root primarily denotes the concept of rising, elevation, or upward movement. It extends to meanings of being disturbed, agitated, or moving away, particularly in the context of people or objects being displaced from their positions.

The root نصص (naṣaṣa) primarily relates to intense effort, reaching a limit or extreme, and lifting or raising something. It encompasses concepts of strenuous action, thorough inquiry, and the ultimate point or peak of something.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a proper name. There is no clear semantic field or common derived meanings associated with this root in classical Arabic lexicography.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spoiling, marring, or making something unpleasant or impure. It extends to the idea of something being incomplete or unfulfilled, particularly in the context of desires or actions.

This root primarily relates to the forceful expulsion or discharge of substances, particularly bodily fluids like urine or blood. It also extends to the idea of excessive or repeated action, such as laughing profusely.

This root primarily concerns the concept of diminution, reduction, or decrease in quantity, quality, or value. It also extends to concepts of deficiency, defect, and criticism.

This root primarily deals with the concept of retreating, turning back, or recoiling from something. It encompasses both a general act of hesitation or withdrawal and a specific physical act of turning back on one's heels.

This root primarily concerns the act of plucking or removing hair, particularly from the eyebrows, for cosmetic purposes. It also extends to related tools and a specific type of plant.

This root primarily concerns the concept of delaying, retreating, or falling behind. It extends to meanings of escape, refuge, and even physical attributes like slowness or weakness.

This root primarily relates to the concept of shining, gleaming, or appearing faintly. It extends to the initial opening of eyes, and metaphorically to credulity or the first signs of growth.

This root primarily relates to the concept of coldness, specifically intense cold that affects the land or days. It describes a state of being cold or experiencing a cold period.

This root primarily relates to small openings or holes, particularly those used for looking through. It extends to describe small veils or coverings with such openings, and metaphorically to features of the land.

This root primarily deals with the concept of breaking or fracturing, specifically the neck. It describes the act of breaking the neck of an animal or a person, implying a severe injury or death.

This root pertains to the concept of vigor, energy, and liveliness. It describes a state of being active, robust, and full of spirit, often in a physical or energetic sense.

This root appears to relate to the concept of winking or signaling with the eye. It also has a specific historical application as the name of a progenitor of the Quraysh tribe.

This root, primarily found in a variant form, relates to the act of opening or making something accessible. It is presented as a dialectal variation of other roots with similar meanings, specifically involving the transformation of the letter 'jim' (ج) into 'ya' (ي).

This root primarily relates to the concept of time, specifically long periods or eternity. It also extends to a specific anatomical term referring to the inner part of the knee.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'earth' or 'ground' in its various forms and extensions. It also encompasses related ideas such as shaking, illness (specifically a cold), and a type of insect that consumes wood.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being compelled, forced, or driven to a place or action. It encompasses notions of refuge, necessity, and being in a state of distress or constraint.

This root primarily concerns the concept of meat that is raw or undercooked. It describes the state of not being properly cooked and the action of failing to cook something sufficiently.

This root primarily concerns the concept of returning, coming back, or reverting to a previous state or place. It also extends to the idea of becoming or transforming into something else.

This root primarily concerns the concept of smallness, scarcity, or a limited quantity. It extends to the idea of something being nascent or young, and by extension, to the act of giving or taking a small amount, or living frugally.

This root primarily describes qualities of tenderness, softness, and delicate texture, often associated with skin or flesh. It also extends to the slow, gradual release or seepage of liquids, particularly water, and metaphorically to stinginess.

This root primarily deals with the concept of division, separation, and parts of a whole. It encompasses the act of dividing something into pieces and the resulting pieces themselves. It also includes a distinct meaning related to insects, specifically mosquitoes.

The root بيض (bayḍ) primarily relates to the color white and its derivatives. It extends to concepts of eggs, whiteness, and things associated with them, including specific terms for swords, people, and even a type of political faction.

The root جرض (jarada) primarily relates to the sensation of choking or being choked, particularly on one's own saliva, often associated with distress or grief. It extends to meanings of being overwhelmed, dying from sorrow, and physically large or bloated.

This root primarily concerns the concept of causing something to be expelled or lost prematurely, often referring to miscarriage or abortion. It extends to meanings of overcoming, overpowering, or forcefully taking something away from someone.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deviating, turning away, or moving aside from something. It also extends to describe a specific gait characterized by pride and swagger.

The root حبض (ḥabaḍa) primarily relates to movement, disturbance, and decrease. It encompasses physical motion, the agitation of water or veins, and the depletion of resources like water or the value of something. It also extends to concepts of failure and the cessation of activity.

This root primarily concerns states of being weakened, corrupted, or agitated, often due to emotional distress like grief or love. It also extends to concepts of incitement, deterioration, and specific materials or objects associated with these states.

This root primarily concerns the concept of urging, inciting, or stimulating someone to action, particularly in the context of fighting. It also extends to the meaning of the base or bottom of something, especially a mountain, and a specific medicinal substance.

The root حفض primarily relates to carrying or bearing, specifically the belongings or burdens of a household. It can also refer to bending or inclining something, and by extension, to casting something down.

The root حمض (ḥmḍ) primarily relates to sourness, tartness, and acidity in taste. It also extends to describe certain types of salty and bitter desert plants, and by extension, the desire for them. Figuratively, it can denote bitterness of spirit or scarcity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a basin, pool, or reservoir, particularly for water. It extends metaphorically to encompass gathering, surrounding, or encompassing something.

This root primarily concerns menstruation in women, including the act of menstruating, the state of being menstruating, and related terms. It also extends metaphorically to describe a tree that 'menstruates' sap.

The root خضض primarily relates to the concept of shaking, agitating, or moving something, particularly liquids. It also extends to meanings of small, insignificant things, foolishness, and specific types of adornments or materials.

The root خفض (khafaḍa) primarily relates to lowering, reducing, or making something gentle and easy. This encompasses physical lowering, reducing intensity, and a state of ease and comfort in life.

The root خوض (khawḍ) primarily relates to the act of entering into or moving through water or a liquid. It extends metaphorically to engaging deeply with abstract concepts like speech or difficult situations, and also to the physical act of stirring or agitating.

This root primarily concerns the concept of slipping, sliding, or falling, often metaphorically applied to arguments or the sun's position. It can also refer to the act of causing something to slip or be invalidated.

This root appears to primarily denote a place name, specifically a location associated with water or a watering place. It is used in classical poetry to refer to a specific geographical location.

This root primarily concerns the concept of settling, resting, or dwelling in a place, often associated with animals or people. It extends to encompass the area where one settles, as well as the act of settling down or becoming still. The root also touches upon concepts of enclosure and protection.

This root primarily concerns the act of washing, particularly clothes or hands. It extends to related concepts like the place of washing, tools used for washing, and even the sweat that results from fever, implying a cleansing or purification aspect.

This root primarily concerns the concept of crushing, grinding, or breaking something into small pieces. It extends to describe the resulting fragments, the state of being crushed, and by extension, things that are dense or substantial.

The root رفض (rafaḍa) primarily denotes the act of leaving, abandoning, or rejecting something or someone. It extends to concepts of scattering, dispersing, and leaving things unattended, whether it be people, animals, or even water in a container. The root also encompasses the idea of things being broken or fragmented.