Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to be a rare or possibly erroneous formation related to the lion. It is presented as an alternative name for the lion, though its usage is not widely attested.

This root appears to relate to the concept of firmness, intensity, or severity, particularly in the context of dealing with someone, such as a debtor.

The root همد (hamada) primarily relates to stillness, cessation, and death. It extends to concepts of fading, becoming dry or withered, and also to the opposite meanings of speed and eagerness, indicating it's a root with antonyms.

This root primarily relates to numbers, specifically one hundred and two hundred, often referring to camels. It also extends to concepts of time (years), and actions like soothing, flattering, and sharpening. Furthermore, it denotes geographical locations, people (male and female names), and objects like swords associated with India.

The root 'هيد' primarily relates to movement, disturbance, and agitation. It encompasses concepts of startling, moving, shaking, and also repelling or deterring someone from something. Additionally, it can refer to a state of distress or being overwhelmed, and in some contexts, it signifies a call to attention or a question about someone's state.

This root primarily concerns hardship, poverty, and a bad state of affairs. It also extends to concepts of need, wear and tear, defects, anger, intense heat, and the evil eye.

This root primarily denotes the concept of being firmly fixed, driven in, or established. It is most commonly associated with a stake or peg driven into the ground or a wall, but extends metaphorically to things that are firm, stable, or prominent.

The root وجد (wajada) primarily concerns the concept of finding, possessing, and experiencing. It extends to meanings of wealth, abundance, and emotional states like anger and love, as well as the state of existing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of oneness, singularity, and being unique. It encompasses numerical concepts like 'one' and 'eleven', as well as states of being alone, solitary, or unparalleled.

This root primarily describes a specific gait or pace of camels and other animals, characterized by a wide stride and speed. It also extends to a place name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of love and affection, encompassing both intense liking and wishing or desiring something. It also extends to related concepts like friendship, longing, and even the name of an idol.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a mountain and a stake, with variations in pronunciation and regional usage. It also appears as a feminine proper name, possibly derived from the concept of affection.

This root primarily concerns the concept of placing something under the head for support, like a pillow or cushion. It extends metaphorically to concepts of reliance, entrustment, and even the act of sleeping or being idle, particularly in relation to knowledge or scripture.

The root 'w-ṣ-d' primarily relates to the concepts of enclosing, closing, and firmly establishing. It extends to meanings of a courtyard, a stone enclosure for livestock, and also to the idea of being fixed or stuck in place. Some derived terms also touch upon incitement and intense heat.

The root 'وعد' primarily concerns the concept of promising, pledging, or threatening. It encompasses the act of making a promise, the promise itself (whether good or bad), and the appointed time or place for it. The root also extends to concepts of expectation and anticipation, particularly in natural phenomena.

This root primarily denotes concepts of baseness, weakness, and inferiority, often applied to people, but also extends to objects and actions. It can describe someone foolish, lowly, or physically weak, as well as a servant or a young boy. The root also touches upon concepts of imitation and matching pace.

This root primarily concerns the concept of coming, arriving, or being sent, often in a formal or official capacity. It extends to notions of delegation, deputation, and the act of approaching or visiting someone of higher status, such as a king or prince. It also encompasses related ideas like speed, elevation, and even specific physical attributes of animals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fire, its ignition, burning, and intensity. It extends to related ideas like glowing, shining, and even metaphorical applications such as intense heat or a strong desire.

This root primarily concerns the concept of strengthening, confirming, and securing something. It extends to ideas of persistence, necessity, and achieving a goal through effort or intention.

This root primarily describes a specific type of humid, oppressive heat, often accompanied by a sea breeze, particularly during summer or autumn. It also extends to the concept of intense night heat and, metaphorically, to anger or fury.

This root primarily describes low-lying, depressed, or hollowed areas of land. It encompasses concepts of depressions, hollows, and sunken places in the earth, often characterized by their depth and lack of vegetation.

This root primarily relates to cutting and sharpness, extending to the concept of time. It encompasses verbs meaning 'to cut' or 'to sever', and adjectives describing sharpness. A significant portion of the entry is dedicated to the particle 'إذ' (idh), which functions as a temporal adverb indicating past time.

This root appears to be of Persian origin and relates to titles or names associated with Persian culture, specifically concerning worship or leadership. It is primarily found in classical texts discussing foreign terms.

This root primarily concerns the state of being disheveled, shabby, or in poor condition, often related to appearance or personal state. It also extends to meanings of surpassing, excelling, or outdoing others, and in a more specific context, refers to a type of date and a place name.

This root is noted as not being used in classical Arabic. The words derived from it are considered foreign, specifically Persian or of unknown origin, and are not part of the core Arabic lexicon.

This root primarily refers to the city of Baghdad, its name, and its variations. It also includes related geographical terms and potentially derived place names.

This root primarily relates to the city of Baghdad, its name, and its characteristics. It also touches upon the concept of nourishment or sustenance, though this appears to be a secondary or possibly coincidental association.

This root appears to describe states of being related to social standing and personal conduct. It encompasses concepts of humility, poverty, and transgression against others.

This root entry pertains to the city of Termez, a well-known location in Khorasan. It primarily functions as a proper noun for the place itself.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being a student, follower, or disciple. It denotes the relationship of learning from a teacher or adhering to a doctrine, often implying service and obedience.

This root primarily describes the act of drinking, particularly in a deep, excessive, or passionate manner. It can refer to the intensity of thirst or the vigorous consumption of liquids, often associated with camels or intense desire.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pulling or drawing, often with force. It is presented as a variant or closely related form to the root جذب (j-dh-b), with discussions on whether one is a transposition of the other. It also has a secondary meaning related to the shrinking or ripening of grapes.

This root primarily concerns the concept of breaking, cutting, or severing something, often with an implication of completeness or finality. It extends to the resulting fragments or pieces, and metaphorically to the cessation of connection or continuity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of cutting, breaking, or severing. It extends to describe things that are cut, such as food or materials, and metaphorically to actions or states of being cut off or incomplete.

This root primarily describes afflictions and swellings affecting the legs and hooves of animals, particularly horses. It also extends to refer to a type of large rat or mouse, and metaphorically to a person who is experienced or has been through hardship.

This root describes a heavy, slow, or awkward gait in horses, characterized by a lowered head and labored movement. It can also refer to a specific type of horse or a person's characteristic.

This root primarily relates to hardness, roughness, and intensity, often applied to terrain, animals, and movement. It also encompasses concepts of speed and endurance, particularly in the context of travel.

This root primarily describes elevated, rounded structures or formations, often resembling domes or mounds. It also extends to concepts of reaching a limit or fullness, particularly in the context of measurement.

This root appears to be related to a specific proper name or epithet, possibly referring to a person or a place. The provided text focuses on clarifying the correct spelling and pronunciation of this name, distinguishing it from a similar-sounding term.

This root primarily deals with expressing approval, commendation, and desirability. It forms a common expression used to signify liking or finding something good.

This root primarily concerns the concept of cutting, severing, and swiftness. It extends to meanings of lightness, speed, and brevity, often applied to physical attributes like tails or beards, and also to abstract concepts like speech, actions, and even poetic meters.

This root appears to relate to intense heat, possibly a specific type or degree of it. The primary derived term describes extreme heat, drawing a comparison to another term for heat.