Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of wideness, spaciousness, and openness, often referring to gaps or openings between things. It also extends to describe physical wideness in limbs or the body, and metaphorically, to making things easier or more spacious.

This root primarily concerns spices, seasonings, and the essence or meaning of something. It extends to include specific food items like onions and broth, and metaphorically, the direction or intent of speech.

The root ف-د-ي relates to the concept of ransom, redemption, and sacrifice. It encompasses actions of buying back captives, saving someone from harm, and offering oneself or one's possessions as a substitute. It also extends to expressions of deep affection and devotion.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spreading, becoming widespread, or increasing. It applies to abstract things like news and reputation, as well as tangible things like wealth, disease, and even physical objects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of separation, distinction, or coming out from something. It extends to transitional periods between states like heat and cold, escaping difficulties, and even refers to specific types of fruit or personal names.

The root فضا (faḍā) primarily relates to spaciousness, emptiness, and vastness, whether of physical space or abstract concepts. It extends to notions of reaching, entering, and union, as well as openness and lack of restraint.

This root primarily relates to striking and crushing something with the hand. It also extends to the act of a woman giving a man in marriage.

This root primarily relates to the act of sexual intercourse, specifically the penetration of the female by the male. It encompasses the act itself and related concepts.

This root primarily deals with the concept of the womb and its contents, specifically the amniotic fluid or the contents of the stomach/rumen. It also touches upon harshness or roughness, though this is less prominent in this specific entry.

This root primarily deals with concepts of emergence, expulsion, and separation, often related to biological processes like birth or shedding. It also extends to meanings of cutting, striking, and traversing desolate lands.

The root فني (f-n-y) primarily relates to the concept of perishing, ceasing to exist, or coming to an end. This encompasses physical death, the depletion of resources, and the aging process leading to death. It also extends to spatial concepts like the open area in front of a house and abstract notions of mixing or being of mixed origin.

This root appears to relate to a state of being slow-witted, foolish, or unintelligent. It can also describe someone who becomes eloquent after a period of speech impediment or difficulty.

This root primarily concerns the plant madder (Rubia tinctorum), its roots used for dyeing, and things dyed with it. It also extends to describing land or garments as being abundant with or colored by this plant.

This root primarily concerns the preposition 'fi', denoting containment, location within, or presence inside something. It can also express accompaniment, being upon something, or a general sense of 'in relation to'. Additionally, it carries interjectional meanings of surprise or regret.

This root appears to describe a state of submission, acknowledgment, and humility towards an opponent or adversary. It conveys the idea of yielding and admitting defeat or fault.

The root قبا (q-b-w) primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, or bringing things together. This extends to physical actions like picking, joining, and folding, as well as abstract notions like concentration and concealment. It also encompasses terms for clothing, architectural features, and specific places or types of trees.

This root primarily concerns the concept of service, particularly the service of rulers or important figures. It extends to encompass the idea of being a servant or attendant, and in a less common usage, it can refer to slander or gossip.

This root primarily concerns the act of gathering, collecting, and accumulating things, especially wealth. It also extends to the idea of withholding or preventing something, and in a more specific sense, relates to certain types of produce like melons and cucumbers.

This root primarily concerns the plant 'aqhwan' (chamomile/cornflower), its characteristics, and related terms. It also extends to the act of taking or acquiring something, particularly wealth, and geographical locations.

This root primarily describes a state of internal corruption or decay, particularly within the human body. It also extends to unpleasant physical excretions, specifically phlegm, and the act of expelling it.

This root primarily relates to following an example, imitation, and guidance. It also extends to concepts of speed, approximation, and pleasant aroma, particularly of food.

This root primarily concerns foreign matter entering the eye, causing irritation or obstruction. It extends to similar concepts of foreign bodies in liquids, discharge from animals, and metaphorically, to discord or impurity within a group.

The root قرا (qara) primarily relates to the concept of following, tracing, or traversing a path or area. It extends to meanings of seeking, visiting, and observing. Derived meanings also include containers, specific geographical features, and aspects of the body.

The root قرا (qara) primarily relates to the concepts of gathering, collecting, and bringing together. It extends to meanings of hosting or providing hospitality, as well as the act of reading or reciting. Derived terms also encompass places where water collects and geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a nickname or appellation, often with a negative connotation. It also extends to terms for a snake, sometimes described as deformed, and a child's toy.

This root primarily denotes hardness, harshness, and severity, particularly in relation to the heart, but also extending to physical objects, land, time, and even abstract concepts like currency and knowledge. It encompasses the absence of softness, mercy, and tenderness.

This root primarily deals with the concept of peeling, stripping, or scraping something off. It extends to meanings related to removing outer layers, whether literal (like peeling fruit or bark) or figurative (like removing impurities or superficialities). It also encompasses related concepts like thinness, weakness, and even specific items made from peeled materials.

The root 'قصا' primarily denotes distance, remoteness, and being far away. It extends to concepts of reaching the furthest point, separation, and in specific contexts, refers to parts of a dwelling, distant regions, or even specific types of camels.

This root primarily relates to the manner of walking, specifically a heavy, slow, or close-stepping gait. It also extends to the name of a bird known for its walk, and metaphorically to concepts of truthfulness, foolishness, and even physical attributes like the hindquarters.

This root primarily relates to concepts of sitting, crouching, or resting in a specific posture, often compared to animals. It also extends to physical attributes like a prominent nose or buttocks, and metaphorically to disliked words or actions.

This root primarily concerns the back of the neck and the act of following or pursuing. It extends to concepts of imitation, accusation, and the end or rear of something, including the end of a verse in poetry.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of following, pursuing, and attributing blame or falsehood. It extends to ideas of distinction, preference, and special treatment, as well as specific agricultural and poetic terms.

This root primarily relates to concepts of agreement, conformity, and entering. It also extends to meanings of fatness, domestic tidiness, and a state of humility or confinement.

This root primarily concerns the concept of agreement, matching, or conformity. It extends to meanings of mixing colors or substances, accumulating or acquiring wealth, and also refers to specific places and a type of horse.

This root primarily concerns a lack of appetite or desire for food, often due to aversion or satiety. It extends to related concepts of a comfortable or prosperous life, and also names a type of flower and wine.

This root primarily concerns concepts of emptiness, desolation, and scarcity, particularly related to land and provisions. It also extends to meanings of increasing value, scarcity of food, and the act of serving or being served.

This root pertains to causing pain or distress, particularly through speech. It describes the act of hurting someone's feelings or causing them emotional anguish.

The root كبا (kaba) primarily relates to falling, stumbling, or collapsing, often face-down. It extends to concepts of failure, lack of ignition, and things being covered or obscured, such as by dust or ash. It also encompasses meanings related to sweeping and cleaning, as well as specific terms for incense and refuse.

This root primarily relates to the act of approaching or moving slowly, often with a sense of hesitation or carefulness. It can also describe someone who exaggerates their own importance or capabilities without substance, or someone who falters.

This root primarily relates to accumulation, gathering, and density, often applied to physical substances like soil or curdled milk. It also extends to names of people and plants, with some terms referring to specific types of wild greens.

This root appears to be rare and primarily relates to a state of corruption or decay. Its usage is limited and primarily found in classical texts.