Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the loss or absence of teeth, leading to a state of being toothless. It also extends to related concepts like stubbornness, sediment in liquids, and a specific type of military unit.

This root primarily refers to a proper name, 'Da'd', a woman's name. It also encompasses related terms for the pluralization of this name and descriptive elements associated with the lifestyle of women, particularly in contrast to the perceived hardship of nomadic life.

This root primarily concerns the concept of worms, insects, or vermin, particularly as they infest food. It also extends to related ideas like infestation, decay, and even metaphorical uses for things that follow or cling to others. Some derived terms also refer to specific tribal names or personal names.

This root appears to be a proper noun, specifically the name of a mountain. It does not seem to have derived verbal forms or common nominal derivations in classical Arabic lexicography.

The root ذود primarily concerns the act of driving away, repelling, or protecting. It extends to concepts of assistance in such actions, and also refers to specific quantities of camels and related terms.

This root primarily relates to youthfulness, beauty, and tenderness, often associated with young women and tender plant shoots. It also encompasses concepts of gentle movement, swaying, and the peak of the day.

The root ربد primarily relates to concepts of dustiness, greyness, and mixed colors, often associated with animals like ostriches and goats. It also extends to meanings of confinement, holding back, and storage, particularly for animals and dates. Additionally, it encompasses expressions of anger, change in appearance, and stubbornness.

The root رثد primarily concerns the act of arranging, stacking, or piling things up, especially belongings or food. It extends to concepts of settling, establishing, and also to the opposite, like delaying or hindering. It can also refer to a collection or group.

The root رجد primarily relates to the concept of rumbling or shaking, often associated with thunder. It can also denote trembling or quivering.

This root describes a state of being soft, yielding, and plump, particularly in reference to people. It conveys a sense of gentle, tender flesh and a relaxed, unhurried disposition.

This root primarily concerns guidance, right direction, and rectitude, contrasting with error and misguidance. It encompasses concepts of being guided, guiding others, and the state of being on the right path, often used in theological contexts referring to God's guidance and the righteous path.

The root رصد (rasada) primarily concerns the concept of watching, observing, or lying in wait for something or someone. This includes active surveillance, ambushing, and also the idea of preparing or setting something aside. It extends to specific applications like animal behavior, meteorological phenomena, and even divine observation.

This root primarily concerns the act of arranging, piling up, or stacking things, often in a structured or orderly manner. It can also extend to the idea of supporting or reinforcing something by placing items against it.

The root رعد (r-'-d) primarily relates to trembling, shaking, and fear, often associated with the sound of thunder. It extends to descriptions of physical trembling, a person's timidity, and the physical characteristics of softness or looseness. It also encompasses the phenomenon of thunder itself and its associated meteorological events.

The root رغد primarily denotes abundance, prosperity, and a plentiful, easy life. It extends to concepts of fertility, spaciousness, and well-being, often applied to living conditions, sustenance, and even the state of being well-fed or recovering from illness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sleep, rest, and inactivity. It extends to related ideas such as lying down, being still, and even metaphorical states of dormancy or stagnation in markets or journeys. It also encompasses specific terms for sleeping places and vessels.

This root primarily discusses the myrtle plant (آس) and aromatic woods used for incense. It also refers to a type of desert shrub, a specific container made from palm leaves, and a medicinal substance of Chinese origin.

This root primarily relates to concepts of softness, tenderness, and gentleness, often applied to physical textures or a person's disposition. It can also extend to meanings of crushing or pulverizing, and in a negative sense, to foolishness.

The root R-W-D primarily relates to the concepts of seeking, intending, and desiring something. It also extends to meanings of delaying, giving respite, and gently urging or persuading. Derived terms can refer to tools, parts of machinery, or even a gentle breeze.

This root primarily relates to geographical features, specifically protrusions or edges of mountains, and also encompasses concepts of desire, intention, and gentle winds. It also includes terms for a type of fort and a specific action in warfare.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being frightened, startled, or terrified. It describes the state of a person who is overcome with fear, often to the point of being stunned or bewildered.

The root Z-B-D primarily relates to froth, foam, and the creamy essence derived from milk or other substances. It extends to concepts of abundance, giving, and even anger, as well as specific plants and animal products.

This root primarily concerns the interlocking rings of armor (like chainmail) and the act of swallowing or choking. It extends to related concepts like the throat, the maker of armor, and specific objects or places.

This root appears to describe someone who is slow-witted, inarticulate, or unable to express themselves clearly. It conveys a sense of being tongue-tied or mentally sluggish.

This root primarily relates to the concept of froth, foam, or scum, particularly as found on milk or other liquids. It can also refer to the fatty or rich part of something, like the hump of a camel.

This root primarily relates to a specific vocalization or sound, particularly a rumbling or cooing sound made by animals, often associated with males.

This root primarily relates to the concept of filling or stuffing something. It is used in the context of making a horse gain weight by filling it with food or other substances.

This root primarily relates to the concept of striking fire, specifically the sticks used for it. It extends to meanings of fullness, constriction, stinginess, and deception, often metaphorically derived from the physical actions or objects associated with fire-starting.

The root زهد (z-h-d) primarily concerns abstaining from worldly desires and possessions, leading to a sense of detachment and contentment. It also extends to meanings of scarcity, insignificance, and estimation.

This root primarily concerns provisions, especially for travel, and the act of preparing or supplying them. It extends to the idea of equipping oneself or others with sustenance, whether literal food or metaphorical provisions for life's journey. The concept also encompasses the idea of a provision or supply itself.

This root primarily concerns the concept of increase, addition, growth, and abundance. It extends to notions of exceeding limits, exaggeration, and surplus, as well as specific terms for containers of water and parts of animals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of traveling, especially at night, and moving with a steady, continuous pace. It also extends to meanings related to the constriction of the throat, the resurgence of a wound, and a specific ailment affecting livestock.

This root primarily relates to the early growth of plants, specifically the tips or sprouts that emerge before spreading. It also extends to concepts of hair growth, shedding, and regrowth, as well as metaphorical uses for bad luck, courage, and specific types of animals or objects.

This root primarily relates to the act of shaving or removing hair, particularly from the head or body. It also extends to the concept of a newborn animal being born without hair.

The root سجد (sajada) primarily denotes the act of prostration, specifically placing the forehead on the ground, often as an act of reverence or worship. It extends to meanings of bowing, inclining, and submission, and is foundational to the concept of a place of worship (masjid).

The root 'سخد' primarily relates to fluids and substances associated with birth, particularly amniotic fluid and related secretions. It also extends to describe a yellowish, swollen, and heavy appearance, often due to illness or fatigue, metaphorically linking to the thick, yellowish fluid of birth.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being straight, correct, or accurate. It extends to notions of success, moderation, aiming correctly, and providing guidance or support. It can also refer to physical blocking or shading.

The root 'sard' primarily relates to sequential progression, continuity, and following one after another. It extends to concepts of piercing, threading, and stitching, particularly in the context of armor and footwear. It also encompasses meanings related to rapid speech and continuous fasting.

This root appears to relate to covering, concealment, and perhaps a smooth or bare surface. It is used in specific descriptive contexts, particularly concerning the absence of hair on the eyebrow.

This root pertains to the concept of permanence, continuity, and unending duration, particularly concerning time, such as day or night. It emphasizes something that is constant and without interruption.

This root describes intensity, strength, and boldness, particularly in the context of action or character. It can also refer to being overcome or overpowered, often in a forceful or overwhelming manner.

This root primarily concerns plants, specifically thorny shrubs and herbs, and their properties. It also extends to names of people, places, and tribal affiliations, as well as concepts related to assistance and leadership.