Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root 'وهن' primarily denotes weakness, feebleness, and exhaustion. This can manifest physically, such as in bones or the body, or metaphorically in resolve, effort, or spirit. It also extends to concepts of slowness, fatigue, and even specific ailments or anatomical parts.

This root primarily concerns defects, flaws, or blemishes. It is also used to refer to specific types of grapes, particularly black and white varieties, and by extension, raisins.

This root primarily relates to building and constructing. It also encompasses derived meanings such as establishing, creating, and forming. In a geographical context, it can refer to specific locations.

This root primarily describes a difficult or abnormal birth, specifically when the child emerges feet or legs first. It extends to describe something difficult, unpleasant, or malformed, and by extension, something foul-smelling or impure.

This root appears to be very obscure, primarily referring to a specific type of poison or venom, and also a name for a type of sand or sand dune. It is also associated with the brain of an elephant and semen in some interpretations.

This root primarily relates to the name of a Himyarite king, Dhu Yazan, and things attributed to him, particularly spears. It also touches upon the etymology of place names and personal names derived from this root, with discussions on grammatical declension and pronunciation variations.

This root primarily relates to the concept of water becoming stagnant, foul, or putrid. It describes water that has lost its freshness and is no longer drinkable due to lack of movement or contamination.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fatness, plumpness, and gaining weight. It can also refer to the act of fattening something or someone, and by extension, to becoming abundant or plentiful.

This root primarily denotes old age and advanced years, often referring to an elderly man or an aged animal. It can also extend to concepts of decay, wear, and the passage of time, with some instances indicating smallness or being a place name.

This root primarily concerns certainty, conviction, and firm knowledge, often contrasted with doubt or ignorance. It extends to the state of being certain, the act of confirming something, and individuals who are quick to believe or ascertain information.

This root primarily concerns the concept of blessing, good fortune, and auspiciousness, often contrasted with ill fortune or misfortune. It extends to notions of taking the right side, using the right hand, and signifies a good omen or a blessed state.

This root primarily relates to blessings, good fortune, and prosperity. It also extends to concepts of auspiciousness, right-hand side, and oaths, as well as place names and personal names.

This root primarily denotes a place name, specifically a location associated with Mecca. It appears to be a geographical term rather than relating to a common verb or abstract concept.

This root entry discusses the proper noun 'Yayn', which is identified as the name of a place, specifically a valley. It is noted for being a unique word in Arabic starting with two 'ya' letters.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of awareness, attentiveness, and perception, often in contrast to forgetfulness or heedlessness. It also extends to notions of dignity, grandeur, and arrogance, as well as the act of rousing someone from unawareness.

This root appears to be a variant or a less common form related to stuttering or stammering. It is explicitly stated as a substitution for another root, indicating a focus on speech impediments.

This root primarily concerns preserved or dried meat, particularly in the context of travel or sustenance. It also extends to the process of preparing such food, involving boiling and preservation with vinegar.

This root appears to relate to the concept of obedience or submission. The primary derived term suggests a state of being obedient, possibly as a reversal of another related term.

This root primarily concerns the concept of divinity, worship, and the divine name 'Allah'. It explores the etymology of 'Allah', its relationship to other divine titles, and the act of worship or devotion. It also touches upon related concepts like awe, confusion, and the sun as a deity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of divinity and invocation, particularly focusing on the divine name 'Allah'. It explores the etymology and grammatical variations of this name, including its vocative forms and related interjections. Additionally, it touches upon less common meanings related to specific places and a mythical serpent.

This root primarily concerns the concept of forgetting, but also extends to meanings related to illness (specifically pox or measles), recognition, and the maternal relationship. It also touches upon the idea of a person losing their senses or being mentally absent.

This root primarily relates to straining, exertion, and intense effort, often associated with physical or emotional distress. It also extends to meanings of envy and intense desire.

This root primarily concerns interjections used for encouragement, urging, or prompting, as well as expressions of urging to stop or be silent. It also extends to sounds made to call or drive animals, and expressions of distance or remoteness.

This root appears to relate to the concept of understanding, perceiving, or becoming aware of something. It signifies a mental grasp or recognition of a matter.

This root primarily concerns the concept of suddenness, surprise, and unexpectedness. It extends to the initial stages of something, like the beginning of a horse's run or the first impression of a person. It also encompasses responding quickly and aptly to a sudden situation.

This root primarily deals with concepts of time, duration, and appearance. It extends to descriptions of physical qualities, states of being, and evidence or proof. It also includes proper names and a geographical location.

This root primarily concerns a state of being unaware, particularly of worldly matters or evil, often associated with innocence, simplicity, or a focus on the afterlife. It can also describe a lack of intelligence or discernment, but in a positive context, it signifies a pure heart and good intentions.

This root primarily refers to a specific village in Egypt, known for its honey. It also discusses variations in pronunciation and historical context related to this place.

This root primarily relates to nobility, high status, and greatness. It also extends to sounds associated with powerful animals, particularly the rumbling or deep vocalizations of a bull or stallion.

This root primarily relates to concepts of weakness, foolishness, and insignificance. It also extends to terms for specific birds, sexual intercourse, and abstract notions like curses or scattering dust.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a chest, box, or coffin, specifically a variant spelling or pronunciation of the word 'tabut'. It is noted as a linguistic variation, possibly an error in pronunciation or transcription.

This root primarily relates to direction and facing, often in the sense of turning towards or being opposite something. It is closely linked to the root 'w-j-h' (face) and sometimes used interchangeably or as a variant, particularly in classical usage.

This root primarily concerns the concept of falsehood, vanity, and trivial matters. It also extends to the literal meaning of small, branching paths diverging from a main road, which is then used metaphorically for falsehood.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being small, insignificant, or lacking in value. It extends to meanings of scarcity, triviality, and even foolishness or lack of intelligence. It also touches upon the absence of taste or flavor.

This root primarily concerns states of confusion, bewilderment, and being lost. It extends to the idea of wasting or destroying something, and also to causing someone to forget or stray from a path.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something becoming tainted, spoiled, or changing in a negative way, particularly in terms of smell and taste. It applies to food, milk, and meat, indicating a state of decay or off-flavor.

This root primarily concerns speech impediments, specifically a lisp or stutter, and by extension, nonsensical or idle talk. It also extends to the act of repeating or dwelling on something, particularly falsehoods, and includes onomatopoeic or vocative uses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of perishing, destruction, or going astray. It is closely related to the idea of being lost or perishing in a desolate place.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of arrogance, pride, and haughtiness. It also extends to meanings of being lost, bewildered, or wandering aimlessly, particularly in a vast, trackless space.

This root appears to relate to anatomical terms, specifically parts of the mouth or throat. The primary derived term discussed is 'al-thāhah', which is identified as either the uvula or the gum.

The root جبه (j-b-h) primarily relates to the forehead, its location, and actions associated with it, such as striking or facing. It extends to concepts of leadership, groups, rejection, and even celestial bodies and idols.

This root primarily relates to making something apparent, public, or manifest. It extends to concepts of open speech, visible presence, and the prominent or best part of a group, particularly livestock.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of beverage, namely a fermented drink made from barley. It is discussed in the context of Islamic jurisprudence and lexicography.

This root primarily relates to covering, concealing, and protection. It extends to concepts of gardens, paradise, and things that are hidden or enclosed. It can also refer to specific plants or objects used for covering or as symbols of status.

This root primarily concerns sounds of shouting, particularly in warfare, and the act of repelling or driving back. It also extends to the sound made to deter animals and, metaphorically, to repelling someone forcefully.

This root primarily concerns concepts of status, honor, and position, often linked to a person's face or presence. It also extends to specific animal calls and expressions of confrontation.

This root appears to be related to calling or driving animals, specifically goats. It also features in idiomatic expressions indicating the absence of anything.