Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of falling into or being situated in a place, particularly a sandy area. It also extends to the idea of adhering to or being steadfast in a particular course or method.

This root primarily relates to the concept of darkness, obscurity, and the act of sleeping or resting within such conditions. It also encompasses the idea of a hunter's blind or shelter.

This root primarily concerns the concept of attacking, invading, or rushing upon someone or something, often unexpectedly. It also extends to defending or repelling, and metaphorically to leadership and eloquence, with some related terms for specific objects or phenomena.

This root appears to be related to the concept of strangeness or being a stranger, possibly with a connotation of being an outsider or a wanderer. It is a very sparsely attested root.

This root primarily concerns the loss or derangement of the mind, often due to intense emotion like love or grief. It describes a state of bewilderment, distraction, or mental incapacitation, affecting both humans and, metaphorically, animals.

This root primarily describes intense heat, particularly the scorching heat of the sun and sand. It conveys a sense of extreme temperature and its effects.

This root primarily concerns the act of rolling or tumbling, especially downwards from a height. It extends to the physical action of pushing or causing something to roll, and metaphorically to the idea of opportunity or a decisive moment.

This root primarily deals with the concept of being bewildered, confused, or perplexed. It describes a state of mental disorientation where one is unable to proceed or understand.

This root primarily relates to the concept of intense heat, particularly the sun's heat, causing pain or discomfort to the brain. It can also describe the severity of a hot day.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being a lord, master, or owner. It extends to notions of managing, nurturing, and having authority over something or someone. It can also imply a state of self-sufficiency or being in charge of one's affairs.

This root primarily deals with concepts of shaking, trembling, and instability. It also extends to the idea of delaying or postponing something, implying a disruption of natural progression or timely action.

This root primarily concerns depressions, hollows, or pits, especially those that collect water. It extends to describe rough, stony terrain, and metaphorically, a strong, persistent, or dominant person. It also relates to making something large or grand.

This root primarily concerns concepts of ease, comfort, abundance, and a pleasant, leisurely life. It extends to notions of ample sustenance for animals, particularly camels, and by extension, prosperity for people. It also touches upon gentleness, compassion, and a state of relief from hardship.

This root primarily relates to pleasant aromas and fragrances, particularly those associated with the mouth or breath. It also extends to the concept of pleasantness or agreeableness in general.

This root primarily describes intense heat, particularly the peak of a hot day. It can also refer to the act of repairing or mending something, though this usage is less common and potentially related to the primary meaning through the idea of 'sustaining' or 'enduring' heat.

This root primarily describes qualities of brightness, clarity, and spaciousness, often applied to physical objects like skin, water, or vessels. It can also denote abundance, generosity, and the shimmering appearance of heat haze.

This root primarily relates to the concept of disturbance, agitation, or trembling. It describes a state of being unsettled or unsteady, often in a physical or emotional sense.

This root describes the shimmering appearance of heat haze or mirage on the ground. It encompasses the movement and visual distortion associated with this phenomenon.

This root primarily relates to the concept of shimmering or mirage, and by extension, foolishness or delusion associated with such deceptive appearances. It also touches upon the idea of swiftness or rapid movement.

This root primarily concerns states of distress, need, or hardship that affect the soul. It also extends to meanings related to confusion, the beauty of fragrant plants, and specific geological or functional terms.

This root primarily describes intense heat, particularly the oppressive heat of a day. It conveys a sense of severity and harshness associated with extreme temperatures.

This root primarily denotes the anus and buttocks, often used metaphorically for the lowest or most despised part of something. It also extends to concepts of time, particularly the distant past, and can be used to describe someone with large buttocks or a large anus.

This root pertains to a state of being stunned, bewildered, or perplexed. It describes a mental condition akin to astonishment or confusion, often implying a temporary inability to process information or react.

This root primarily describes a lack of substance, taste, or effectiveness, particularly in the context of warfare or speech. It can refer to something bland, ineffective, or a person who is boastful but lacks courage or skill.

The root سنه primarily relates to the concept of a year, encompassing its passage, duration, and associated conditions like drought and famine. It also extends to the idea of change and alteration over time, particularly concerning food and drink.

This root appears to relate to concepts of time, duration, and perhaps a sense of future or eventual occurrence. It is primarily discussed in relation to temporal expressions and future-oriented particles.

This root primarily discusses the anus, specifically its function as a sphincter. It is used metaphorically in a hadith to represent bodily control and involuntary release, particularly of wind, during sleep.

This root primarily concerns resemblance, likeness, and similarity. It extends to concepts of confusion, doubt, and things that are alike or indistinguishable. It also encompasses metaphorical comparisons and specific instances of things that look alike.

This root primarily concerns states of intense mental preoccupation, confusion, or being overwhelmed. It can describe being engrossed in something to the point of distraction or being bewildered and astonished.

This root primarily concerns intense desire, greed, and excessive eagerness, particularly related to food. It extends to describe a person characterized by such traits and can also refer to a severe drought.

This root primarily concerns the lips, their physical attributes, and actions related to them. It extends metaphorically to concepts of speaking, asking, and being occupied or preoccupied.

This root primarily relates to the process of splitting, dividing, or cracking something. It can also refer to the ripening or coloring of fruits, particularly dates, and by extension, to the act of inspecting or examining something to determine its ripeness or condition.

This root primarily concerns the concept of resemblance, similarity, and approximation. It extends to the idea of being close to something or matching it, often in a comparative or metaphorical sense.

This root primarily relates to the act of speaking, specifically a type of reprimand or harsh speech. It also includes a derived term for a specific type of bird.

This root primarily deals with the act of silencing or commanding silence, often through a sharp, abrupt sound or gesture. It encompasses the concept of calling for quiet and the specific interjection used for this purpose.

This root primarily concerns the concept of silence and commanding someone to be quiet. It includes interjections used to enforce silence, with nuances in meaning based on grammatical treatment like nunation.

This root primarily relates to a specific location or place. It is used in poetry to denote a particular area or dwelling.

This root primarily relates to remnants, vestiges, or what remains of something. It also extends to concepts of thinness, lightness, and a lingering time, particularly concerning the evening.

This root appears to relate to concepts of stretching, lengthening, and darkness. It also carries a meaning of injustice or oppression.

This root primarily discusses the name of a chapter in the Quran, 'Taha', and its etymological interpretations. It also touches upon related concepts like a handsome young man and the meaning of the word in various ancient languages.

The root عته primarily relates to mental deficiency, foolishness, and a lack of sound judgment. It encompasses concepts of being bewildered, lacking intellect, acting foolishly, and feigning ignorance. It can also extend to obsessive behavior or excessive indulgence.

This root primarily deals with concepts related to stubbornness, arrogance, and a rough or coarse disposition. It also extends to meanings of causing separation or discord, and in a more specific sense, refers to a large hedgehog.

This root primarily describes negative character traits, focusing on bad temper, rudeness, arrogance, and stubbornness. It extends to describe people or animals exhibiting these qualities, as well as the abstract concepts of haughtiness and ill-manneredness.

This root appears to be related to concepts of approaching, visiting, or encountering, possibly with an implication of urgency or distress. It is also linked to states of confusion, heedlessness, or being overwhelmed.

This root primarily relates to concepts of being aloof, withdrawn, or disdainful, particularly concerning worldly pleasures, women, and social engagement. It also extends to meanings of arrogance, pride, and a lack of interest in frivolous activities.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, softness, and pleasantness, often associated with a comfortable or luxurious life. It can also describe something large or substantial.