Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily relates to expressions of displeasure, frowning, and harshness. It extends to describe severe conditions like famine and difficult times, and also encompasses concepts of contention and rapid succession.

This root primarily relates to the action of pulling or drawing something taut, particularly the reins of an animal, causing its head to lift. It also extends to the movement of vines and describes a person with large buttocks.

This root primarily relates to the side or slope of a mountain. It also extends to meanings of overcoming, confronting, and engaging in verbal disputes or struggles.

This root primarily concerns the state of hunger. It describes the feeling of hunger, the person experiencing it, and the feminine form of such a person.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of subterranean cavity or depression, particularly one found at the bottom of a well or valley. It describes a physical feature that is akin to a cave or hollow.

The root لحح (l-ḥ-ḥ) primarily relates to persistence, insistence, and sticking. This extends to concepts of continuous rain, remaining in a place, stubbornness, and even physical adhesion or closeness.

This root primarily describes a type of gentle striking or slapping, particularly on the back. It can also extend to the action of striking something against the ground.

This root primarily concerns the concept of touching, striking, or affecting something with heat, wind, or a light blow. It extends to describe a specific type of plant and the sensation associated with it.

The root لقح (l-q-ḥ) primarily concerns the concept of impregnation, fertilization, or conception, applied to both animals and plants. It extends to related ideas like pregnancy, offspring, and even abstract notions of vitality or being imbued with something beneficial.

This root primarily concerns the act of seeing or perceiving something quickly, lightly, or fleetingly. It extends to concepts of resemblance, appearance, and clarity, often related to brief visual phenomena like lightning or stars.

The root لوح (lawḥa) primarily relates to visibility, appearing, and shining. It also extends to meanings of change, thirst, and physical attributes like broadness or paleness. Additionally, it encompasses objects associated with these concepts, such as writing tablets and parts of weapons.

This root primarily relates to the act of drawing or extracting something, particularly water. It extends to concepts of reaching, extending, and enduring, often in the context of distance or time.

This root primarily relates to the concept of arrogance or haughtiness. It also extends to a specific action involving a bucket in a well, suggesting a vigorous or repeated motion.

This root primarily deals with concepts of decay, wear, and falseness. It describes worn-out clothing, the yellowing of eggs, and individuals who are deceitful or make empty promises.

This root primarily concerns the concept of praise, commendation, and positive recognition. It extends to related ideas of boasting, self-praise, and even physical expansion or fullness, particularly in animals.

This root primarily describes a specific physical gait, characterized by the thighs rubbing together when walking. It also extends to a general sense of being robust or strong, particularly in relation to this gait.

This root primarily concerns intense joy, exuberance, and high spirits. It extends to meanings of liveliness, activity, and sometimes a negative sense of eye irritation or a leaking water skin. It also describes a horse's spirited nature and a bow's graceful release.

This root primarily concerns the concept of jesting, joking, and lighthearted playfulness. It encompasses the act of joking, the noun for the act or the jester, and the reciprocal action of joking between individuals.

The root مسح (masḥa) primarily relates to the act of wiping, stroking, or passing something over a surface. It extends to meanings of measuring, sexual intercourse, cutting, and also refers to specific entities like the Messiah, the Antichrist, and certain types of land or objects.

This root primarily denotes the concept of passing away, disappearing, or becoming depleted. It extends to meanings of wearing out, fading, and shortening, often in relation to time, physical objects, or natural phenomena.

This root primarily concerns the act of damaging or spoiling something, particularly one's honor or reputation. It extends to the idea of being a source of such damage or being inherently flawed.

The root ملح (malḥa) primarily relates to salt and saltiness, extending to the taste of water and food. It also encompasses concepts of beauty, nourishment (especially milk), and specific physical attributes or conditions in animals and objects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of giving, granting, or bestowing something, often with the implication of generosity or a gift. It extends to specific types of gifts, like lending an animal for its milk, and also includes related actions like requesting a gift or describing animals known for their milk production.

This root primarily relates to drawing water from a well, especially when it is low. It also extends to meanings of strutting, swaying, giving, asking for gifts, and interceding.

This root primarily concerns the barking sound made by dogs. It extends to the general noise of animals, particularly packs of dogs, and can metaphorically represent abundance, prestige, and high social standing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of oozing, dripping, or exuding. It applies to liquids like sweat or moisture, as well as to the exudation of tree sap. It also extends to the idea of reaching or drawing forth.

This root primarily concerns success, achievement, and the fulfillment of desires. It extends to concepts of ease, facilitation, and correctness, as well as swiftness and truthfulness in dreams.

This root primarily concerns the production of a specific type of sound, particularly a repeated or resonant sound made from within the throat or chest. It extends to related actions like clearing the throat and the sounds produced by certain animals.

The root 'ndḥ' primarily relates to the concept of spaciousness, wideness, and expansion. This can apply to physical spaces like land or deserts, as well as abstract concepts like room for maneuver or avoiding directness. It also extends to the physical expansion of the belly due to overeating or illness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of drawing out or emptying, particularly water from a well. It extends metaphorically to the idea of distance, remoteness, and being far removed from something.

This root primarily describes the act of drinking a small amount of water without quenching thirst. It also refers to a small quantity of water itself.

This root primarily concerns sincerity, good counsel, and advice. It extends to concepts of purity, genuineness, and also to the act of sewing and mending.

The root نضح (naḍaḥa) primarily relates to the act of sprinkling, spraying, or moistening. It extends to concepts of drinking just enough to quench thirst, and by extension, to actions of repelling, defending, or disassociating oneself from something. It also encompasses physical manifestations like sweat and the watering of plants.

The root 'نطح' primarily concerns the act of butting or goring with horns, especially by animals like rams and goats. It extends to describe the animal that performs this action, as well as the resulting injury or death. Metaphorically, it signifies severe or difficult experiences.

The root 'نفح' primarily relates to the emission or spreading of something, often with a sense of pleasantness or intensity. This includes the spreading of fragrance, the forceful movement of wind, and the expulsion of bodily fluids or substances. It also extends to concepts of giving, striking, and defending.

The root نقح (naqaḥa) primarily relates to the act of refining, purifying, or extracting the essence of something. This can apply to abstract concepts like speech or text, as well as physical substances like bone marrow or fat.

This root primarily concerns the act of sexual intercourse and marriage. It encompasses the legal contract of marriage, the act of consummation, and related concepts like being married or having many wives.

This root primarily relates to the concept of facing, opposing, or confronting each other. It extends to the sounds of lamentation and mourning, and also to the movement of something suspended or swaying.

This root primarily denotes scarcity, insignificance, or a small amount of something. It is used to describe things that are trivial, meager, or limited, often in a negative or dismissive sense.

This root primarily relates to covering, concealing, and obscuring. It extends to concepts of thickness, solidity, and the appearance of something hidden, such as water in a basin or a road becoming clear.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of sound, often characterized by a guttural or muffled quality, and can also describe a person who is light or quick.

This root primarily relates to states of being, particularly concerning animals and humans. It encompasses concepts of fattening, improving condition, and submission or yielding.

This root pertains to the accumulation of dried excrement and urine, particularly on the hindquarters and flanks of sheep. It describes the substance itself and the action of it adhering or being cleaned.

This root primarily concerns a type of wide, jeweled sash worn by women, and by extension, the act of wearing or girding oneself with such an item or other garments/weapons. It also extends to descriptive terms for animals and a tribal name.

The root 'وضح' primarily concerns clarity, visibility, and distinctness. It extends to concepts of appearing, becoming clear, and making something clear. It also encompasses physical attributes like whiteness, brightness, and specific markings, as well as the idea of emergence or origin.

This root primarily relates to clinging substances like mud or dirt that adhere to animal hooves or bird talons. It also extends to the concept of mutual contention or struggle, particularly over material gain.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hardness, particularly of hooves, and by extension, a lack of shame or impudence in humans. It describes a state of being hardened, either physically or metaphorically through experience or a lack of modesty.

This root primarily relates to the concept of thickness or coarseness, particularly in the context of young animals or their features. It can also extend to the idea of being rough or unrefined.

This root appears to relate to the concept of carrying or containing something, particularly in the context of bags or containers for provisions, and by extension, the provisions themselves.

This root primarily deals with expressions of lamentation, pity, and woe, often directed towards someone or something. It contrasts with expressions of punishment or torment. The root explores various grammatical constructions for these exclamations.