Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily denotes a flat, level, or expansive place. It can also refer to a wide, open area suitable for various activities.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a side, a broad surface, or a wide expanse. It extends to meanings of turning away, overlooking, or broadness, often applied to physical objects like swords, stones, or faces, and metaphorically to actions and states of being.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of goodness, righteousness, and peace, contrasting with corruption and discord. It encompasses states of being well, making amends, and beneficial outcomes.

This root appears to describe something solid, firm, or stout. It is used for describing physical attributes like thickness, shortness, and hardness, particularly in relation to the ground or a person's build.

This root primarily relates to dryness, cracking, and splitting, often applied to plants, objects, or even celestial bodies. It also extends to meanings of physical barriers like walls or mountains, and in specific contexts, refers to plaster or a horse's vein.

This root primarily concerns loud vocalizations, cries, and shouts. It extends to encompass the concept of a cry as a form of divine punishment or a sudden event, and also relates to the drying or withering of plants and the sun's effect.

The root ضبح (ḍabaḥa) primarily relates to the sound and exertion of animals, particularly horses, when running. It also extends to concepts of change in color, the residue of fire, and specific objects or names.

This root primarily relates to shallowness of water, shimmering or rippling, and the sun. It extends to concepts of abundance and the devil's dwelling.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of pushing, repelling, or moving something away. It extends to concepts of distance, separation, and also includes specific terms related to graves and animal actions.

This root primarily concerns diluted or thinned liquids, especially milk. It describes the act of thinning or diluting, and the resulting thinned liquid itself. It can also refer to the act of giving someone this diluted liquid.

This root primarily describes actions related to scraping, rubbing, and breaking things apart. It also extends to the idea of scattering or dispersing people.

This root primarily concerns the act of throwing, casting, or projecting something. It extends to concepts of distance, remoteness, and the act of extending or lengthening, particularly in relation to physical objects like trees or buildings.

This root primarily concerns the concept of overflowing, filling up, and exceeding a limit. It extends to the idea of being full, especially with intoxication, and can also refer to something rising to the surface or being carried away.

This root primarily relates to trees, specifically thorny trees of the desert, and by extension, things that are withered, exhausted, or corrupt. It also encompasses concepts of prosperity and specific places or individuals.

This root appears to describe a state of emptiness, hollowness, or exhaustion. It can refer to someone who is empty-headed or mentally fatigued, or physically depleted.

The root طمح (ṭamaḥa) primarily relates to the concept of looking upwards, aspiring, or reaching for something. It extends to meanings of ambition, covetousness, and even uncontrolled movement or intensity, as well as specific historical references.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of perishing, falling, and being lost or thrown about. It extends to the idea of wandering aimlessly or being cast to and fro by external forces.

The root فتح (f-t-ḥ) primarily denotes the concept of opening, unlocking, or making accessible. It extends to meanings of victory, conquest, and the beginning of something. It can also refer to flowing water and judicial judgment.

This root primarily concerns the hissing or sibilant sound made by a snake, particularly from its mouth or skin. It also extends to related concepts of sound and intensity, with a specific mention of a river name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being burdened, weighed down, or overwhelmed, often by debt or a difficult matter. It can also refer to something being severe or grave.

This root primarily concerns the concept of joy, happiness, and delight. It extends to related ideas such as exuberance, boastfulness, and being pleased. It also covers the opposite, being burdened or weighed down, particularly by debt.

This root primarily describes a state of being spread out, wide, or splayed, particularly concerning legs or hooves. It can also refer to a specific posture or gait.

This root primarily describes something that is wide, broad, or flat. It is often used in relation to the shape of a head or a surface, implying a lack of height and an expanse.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spaciousness, wideness, and roominess. It extends to metaphorical senses of emotional openness and making space for others.

This root primarily describes a state of being spread apart or opened, particularly in the context of animals, often related to urination or a physical condition causing such an opening.

This root primarily concerns eloquence, clarity, and distinctness in speech and language. It extends to concepts of purity, ripeness, and the emergence of something clear or evident, including specific religious observances.

This root primarily concerns the exposure of something hidden, particularly faults or secrets, leading to shame. It also extends to the dawning of light, the ripening of fruit, and specific colorations, especially in animals.

This root describes the concept of being wide, broad, or spread out. It is primarily used to describe physical dimensions, particularly of the head or objects, indicating a lack of narrowness and a presence of expanse.

The root فقح (f-q-ḥ) primarily relates to the opening or blooming of something, particularly eyes or flowers. It also extends to concepts of appearance, color, and a specific anatomical term.

This root primarily concerns concepts of success, victory, and survival, often linked to sustenance and the continuation of life. It also extends to the physical act of splitting or cleaving, particularly in the context of agriculture and the earth.

This root primarily relates to the act of drinking, specifically a partial or moderate amount, often associated with animals like horses. It also touches upon the concept of taking something in stages or at different times.

This root primarily relates to the spreading of pleasant scents, but extends to the idea of expansion, abundance, and intensity, particularly in the context of cooking and warfare.

This root primarily concerns ugliness, deformity, and repulsiveness, both in appearance and in action. It extends to concepts of being rejected, cursed, or morally foul, and can also refer to a specific anatomical part.

This root primarily denotes purity, unadulterated essence, and genuineness. It can apply to abstract qualities like nobility or baseness, as well as to lineage and language.

The root قدح (q-d-ḥ) primarily relates to the action of scooping or drawing out, often from a container or a source. It extends to concepts of striking or igniting, as well as damaging or corrupting, like a worm eating into something or a flaw appearing.

This root primarily concerns wounds, sores, and lesions, both literal and metaphorical. It extends to concepts of maturity in animals (especially horses), pristine or untouched states (land, water, health), and the initial stages of discovery or conception.

This root appears to be very limited in its usage, primarily referring to a specific type of tree. Its derivatives are scarce and primarily found in classical lexicographical contexts.

This root primarily relates to the act of adding spices or seasonings to food, and by extension, to sprinkling or throwing substances. It also encompasses specific geographical names and a natural phenomenon.

This root primarily concerns the discoloration and decay of teeth, specifically a yellowish hue. It extends to describe something old, worn out, or even morally corrupt, drawing a parallel between physical decay and moral decline.

The root قمح (q-m-h) primarily relates to the act of raising the head, often in refusal or resistance, particularly by camels at a watering trough. It also extends to the grain wheat and related concepts like filling the mouth.

This root primarily relates to the concept of bending, curving, or hooking something, often in the context of tools or actions. It describes a bent or hooked shape and the act of manipulating objects with such a form.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pus, a discharge from a wound or infection. It extends to related ideas of discharge, corruption, and the open space or courtyard of a dwelling.

This root primarily concerns the act of restraining or pulling back an animal, specifically a horse, by its reins to make it stop. It extends to the general concept of holding back or checking movement.

This root describes the act of consuming or ingesting something to the point of fullness or significant impact. It can refer to a person's body being affected by something ingested, or to food being eaten until satiety.

This root appears to relate to concepts of old age, infirmity, and possibly a specific dialectal term for a woman involved in legal matters. The primary focus is on terms describing elderly individuals or animals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of strenuous effort, labor, and striving, often with a connotation of hardship. It also extends to the physical act of scratching or making superficial wounds.

This root describes a type of running or moving with effort, often characterized by a heavy or stumbling gait. It can also refer to falling and rolling.

This root primarily relates to sweeping, clearing, or stripping away. It extends to concepts of taking everything, and also to physical impairments like lameness or being crippled.

This root primarily concerns the flank area of the body and extends to meanings of concealing, harboring, and harboring ill will. It also relates to dispersing and scattering.

This root primarily concerns the concept of confronting, facing, or meeting something directly. It extends to engaging in battle, facing challenges, and even physical actions like guiding an animal or receiving a kiss.