Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns concepts of favor, fortune, status, and position, particularly in social and marital contexts. It also extends to meanings related to a small spear or arrow, and a specific type of verbal abuse.

This root primarily concerns the state of the feet and footwear, specifically walking barefoot or with worn-out shoes. It extends to concepts of meticulous inquiry, excessive care or attention, and the act of wearing down or thinning.

This root primarily relates to pain, specifically abdominal pain, and also to the physical structure of the body, such as the waist and the rear of an arrow. It also encompasses concepts of binding and enclosure.

This root primarily concerns the act of narrating, recounting, or telling stories. It extends to imitation and resemblance, where one thing 'tells' or shows itself to be like another. It also has a less common meaning related to strengthening or making something firm.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sweetness, encompassing its direct sensory experience and related abstract qualities. It describes things that are sweet in taste, pleasant, and agreeable.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of protection, prohibition, and intensity. It extends to include familial relationships through marriage, specific physical parts of animals, and the heat of the day or fire.

The root 'حنا' primarily relates to bending, curving, and affection. It encompasses physical bending of objects and the body, as well as emotional bending towards someone in compassion or care. It also extends to geographical features and specific plants.

This root primarily relates to concepts of covering, enclosing, gathering, and collecting. It also extends to descriptions of colors, physical attributes, and specific geographical locations or objects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of life, existence, and vitality, contrasting with death. It also extends to meanings of vitality in the sense of flourishing, and politeness or greeting, as well as the biological concept of a snake.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of hiding, concealing, and extinguishing. It extends to the physical act of setting up and entering a tent, and the noun for the tent itself. The core idea is a reduction in visibility or intensity.

This root primarily concerns the dung or excrement of cattle. It also refers to the act of producing such dung.

This root primarily relates to the concept of speed and swift movement, particularly for animals like camels. It encompasses the idea of moving quickly and with purpose.

This root primarily relates to the concept of relaxation, slackness, and yielding. It extends to describe a state of being loose or limp, particularly in reference to ears, and metaphorically to submission or humility.

This root primarily deals with concepts of subjugation, control, and humiliation. It encompasses actions of ruling, overpowering, and causing someone to feel debased or ashamed, often due to a loss of status or a difficult situation.

This root primarily deals with the concepts of being odd or even, singular or plural, and by extension, scarcity or abundance. It can also relate to being insignificant or contemptible.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and dread. It extends to related ideas like caution, respect, and even understanding or knowing something with a sense of awe or concern. It also has a less common meaning related to dryness or shriveling.

This root primarily concerns the castration of animals, specifically males, and by extension, the testicles themselves. It also extends to the state of being castrated and the act of performing castration.

This root primarily concerns the act of stepping, walking, and moving forward. It extends to concepts of distance covered in a step, surpassing or bypassing something, and metaphorically, averting or pushing away misfortune.

This root primarily describes the concept of being plump, well-fed, and having accumulated flesh. It extends to the idea of being stout or corpulent, and metaphorically to being coarse or vulgar in speech.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being hidden, concealed, or secret. It extends to actions of hiding, revealing, and things that are subtle or faint, including natural phenomena and abstract concepts.

This root primarily concerns the concept of emptiness, being alone, or being free from something. It extends to meanings of passing, occurring, and exclusion, as well as physical spaces and specific objects or states.

This root primarily concerns obscenity, indecency, and foulness in speech. It also extends to the idea of ruin, destruction, and corruption, often brought about by time or by one's own actions.

This root primarily relates to emptiness, desolation, and falling. It describes drought, abandoned places, and a hollow feeling, often associated with physical emptiness or collapse.

This root primarily concerns the concept of stealthy approach, ambush, or a specific vulnerable spot. It describes an animal's cunning movement to capture prey, a physical location prone to injury, and by extension, a term for a creature associated with such actions.

This root primarily relates to locusts in their immature, flightless stage, and by extension, to things that are numerous and abundant like these locusts. It also extends to plants that resemble these locusts and to gourds.

This root primarily concerns darkness, night, and obscurity. It extends to concepts of covering, enveloping, and concealing, both literally and metaphorically, such as in the strengthening of Islam or the act of dealing with someone cautiously.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spreading, flattening, or extending something, often in relation to the earth. It also extends to actions involving throwing or pushing, and specific locations related to nesting or laying eggs.

This root primarily denotes amusement, play, and diversion. It encompasses activities done for enjoyment and pastime.

This root primarily concerns knowledge, awareness, and understanding. It extends to concepts of informing, teaching, and making known. Additionally, it encompasses related ideas like deception, stealth, and physical actions associated with hunting and grooming.

This root appears to describe a specific type of physical build, particularly focusing on a stout and short stature. It may also relate to a manner of walking associated with such a build.

This root primarily concerns the act of hiding, concealing, or burying something. It can also extend to the idea of introducing something secretly or subtly, often with a negative connotation of corruption or deception.

This root primarily concerns the act of calling, inviting, or summoning. It extends to concepts of claiming, adopting, and even the sounds or cries associated with these actions. It also encompasses related ideas like boasting in battle and the crumbling of structures.

This root appears to relate to negative character traits, specifically bad manners, deceitfulness, and foolishness. It is also used as a proper name, associated with a woman known for her foolishness.

This root primarily relates to concepts of finishing off, killing, or causing death, often with a sense of finality. It also extends to meanings of bending, stooping, or having a long, extended form, applied to animals, objects, and even abstract concepts like movement.

This root primarily concerns the state of a young animal, specifically a camel foal, that has drunk too much milk. It describes the resulting condition of being bloated or overfed to the point of discomfort or sickness.

This root primarily concerns the act of drawing water with a bucket, extending to concepts of lowering, descending, and bringing something down. It also encompasses related objects like buckets, constellations, and brands, as well as metaphorical uses for bringing about calamities, pleading, or facilitating.

This root primarily concerns blood, its flow, and related concepts. It also extends to imagery, specific locations, and descriptions of objects or beings associated with redness or blood.

This root primarily concerns the concept of closeness, proximity, and nearness. It extends to concepts of approaching, bringing near, and kinship. It also encompasses related ideas like inferiority, seeking out minor matters, and even specific geographical locations.

This root primarily concerns concepts of illness, disease, and their treatment. It extends to related ideas like sickness of the stomach, emotional ailments, and even the sounds of nature or movement.

This root primarily concerns significant, often calamitous, events and the capacity to deal with them. It encompasses the idea of a great misfortune befalling someone, as well as the qualities of shrewdness, astuteness, and sound judgment needed to navigate such difficulties.

This root primarily relates to the action of driving or herding animals, specifically camels. It also has a secondary meaning related to plants withering or drying up, presented as a variant of another root.

This root appears to be related to specific tribal names and possibly archaic terms, with limited semantic range in the provided text.

This root primarily concerns concepts of shelter, protection, height, and elevation. It also extends to meanings related to scattering, throwing, and swift movement, as well as specific anatomical and agricultural terms.

This root primarily relates to sharpness, intelligence, and the intensity of fire. It also extends to concepts of age, the sun, and specific terms for animal breeds and sacrificial rites.

This root primarily concerns the concept of moving stealthily or secretly. It describes an action performed with a hidden or concealed manner, often implying a lack of openness or a deliberate attempt to avoid detection.

This root primarily concerns the lingering essence of life or spirit in a dying creature, and by extension, the act of moving quickly or with effort. It also touches upon the idea of something being bothersome or intrusive, and the act of carefully seeking out or acquiring something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of wilting, drying up, or becoming weak, often applied to plants but also to other things that lose their vitality.

This root primarily concerns the act of seeing, both physically and intellectually. It extends to concepts of opinion, judgment, and perception, as well as the state of being affected or possessed.

This root primarily concerns the concept of increase, growth, and elevation. It extends to notions of rising, accumulating, and nurturing, as well as physical elevation and even a specific type of financial transaction.