Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the marrow found within bones, extending to the brain and the essence or core of something. It also encompasses concepts of fatness, richness, and the finest part of a substance.

This root primarily concerns concepts of greatness, nobility, and pride. It extends to meanings of assistance and support, as well as negative connotations like stubbornness, deviation in movement, and insolence.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of wild honey found in pomegranate blossoms. It also extends to the act of sucking or drawing in, and a slow or hesitant gait in a she-camel.

This root primarily relates to the concept of greasing, anointing, or rubbing with oil. It extends to meanings of gentleness, ease, and sometimes to specific types of trees and celestial bodies, as well as metaphorical uses related to humor and foolishness.

The root مسخ (masakha) primarily deals with the concept of transformation, often into a worse or uglier form. It encompasses physical alteration, loss of essence or quality, and deformation.

This root primarily concerns the act of pulling or drawing something out from within something else, often with a sense of separation or extraction. It extends to describe hollow tubular structures, particularly those found in plants like thamam, and can also refer to a state of looseness or detachment.

This root appears to be a variant or misspelling related to the concept of 'ضمخ' (ḍamkh), which refers to a strong scent or perfume. The entry itself is very brief and primarily defines 'المضخ' as an aberrant linguistic form of 'الضمخ'.

This root primarily concerns the act of licking, drawing water, and by extension, defiling or smearing. It also extends to meanings related to falsehood and vulgarity.

This root primarily discusses the concept of swaggering or walking with a proud gait. It also touches upon the subsiding or cooling of intense emotions like anger or the heat of a flame, with a note on potential letter substitution.

This root primarily relates to swelling, puffing up, or becoming inflated, often in the context of dough or skin conditions. It also extends to meanings of being arrogant, a raised landform, or a type of reed.

This root primarily concerns the act of pulling, tearing, or extracting something forcefully from its place. It extends to actions like plucking, uprooting, and even weaving or imprinting.

This root primarily describes the sound and forceful movement of water, particularly the sea or a torrent. It extends to the sound of impact, the forceful movement of animals, and metaphorically to a woman's sounds during intercourse or a person's hoarse voice.

This root appears to describe a state of being unconcerned, shameless, or boastful about one's perceived possessions or status, even if they are lacking.

This root primarily concerns the act of copying or transcribing something from one source to another. It extends to the concepts of replacing, abrogating, or superseding something with something else, and also the idea of transmission or succession over time.

The root نضخ primarily relates to the forceful splashing or spraying of liquids, especially water, from a source. It also extends to the idea of a lingering trace or mark left by a substance, and metaphorically to the outpouring of blessings or troubles.

The root 'نفخ' primarily concerns the act of blowing air, whether through the mouth, for fire, or in a spiritual or metaphorical sense. It extends to concepts of inflation, swelling, pride, and even sudden appearance or movement, often related to wind or breath.

This root primarily relates to striking the head forcefully, often to the point of extracting the brain or marrow. It also extends to meanings of pure, clear, and refreshing water, and metaphorically to deep sleep or the essence of something.

This root appears to describe a specific action of prodding or poking, particularly in the throat. It is associated with a Yamanite dialectal usage.

This root primarily concerns the act of making a camel or other animal kneel or lie down. It extends to the place where animals are made to kneel, and metaphorically to the land's ability to hold water. It also includes the concept of staying or residing in a place and a proper noun for a tribe.

This root primarily describes plumpness, fullness, and a certain type of gait. It is also used for negative qualities like worthlessness and foolishness, and for geographical features like valleys and rivers.

This root pertains to the act of coughing or choking, specifically a dry, hacking cough. It is noted for its awkwardness in pronunciation and is rarely used in speech or poetry unless absolutely necessary.

This root primarily relates to the act of making something settle or lie down, particularly in the context of animals, such as a camel or a horse. It also extends to the specific actions and calls associated with this settling, especially concerning mating.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of blaming, reprimanding, and admonishing someone. It encompasses various forms of verbal censure and the act of threatening or warning.

This root primarily relates to the concept of mud or mire. It also extends to the idea of exerting great effort or exhausting someone, with a related classical discussion about phonetic variations and meaning shifts.

This root appears to relate to a state of being mixed, damp, or moist, particularly in the context of vegetation or water bodies. It describes a condition of wetness and intermingling.

This root primarily describes states of weakness, flabbiness, and lack of vigor, often applied to people, animals, or even dates. It can also refer to sounds, intentions, or pain.

This root primarily relates to plants and the process of dating or recording events. It also extends to describing the consistency of dough and the act of making it more liquid.

This root primarily deals with the concept of dirt, filth, and uncleanness. It describes the accumulation of grime on surfaces like clothing and skin due to lack of hygiene or care. The root encompasses the state of being dirty and the act of making something dirty.

This root primarily describes something weak, inferior, or of poor quality. It can refer to a person, an animal, or an object that is lacking in strength, value, or soundness.

This root primarily deals with the concept of dirtiness, filth, and uncleanness. It encompasses both the state of being dirty and the act of soiling something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of drawing a small amount of water, often with effort or competition. It extends metaphorically to competition and rivalry in various activities, particularly in movement and effort.

This root primarily relates to the concept of growth and abundance, particularly in vegetation. It also extends to the physical action of striking with the palm and the abstract idea of confusion or mixing.

This root appears to relate to a type of severe or burning reproach or blame. It is noted that the word is a metathesis of another word with a similar meaning, involving a change of consonants due to proximity of articulation.

This root appears to relate to striking or beating, specifically with a whip or a similar instrument. The primary derived term refers to the implement used for such striking.

This root primarily relates to the soft spot on a baby's head, the fontanelle. It also discusses the etymological origin and pluralization of this term, suggesting a connection to the root 'أفخ'.

This root pertains to the act of making a camel kneel or lie down, particularly in the context of mating. It also encompasses the specific vocalizations used to command a camel to do so.

This root primarily concerns the concept of eternity, perpetuity, and endless time. It also extends to meanings of permanence, dwelling, and wildness, particularly in relation to animals and desolate places.

This root primarily relates to strength, firmness, and solidity. It describes things that are well-built, robust, and tightly constructed, often applied to animals, structures, and the concept of being strengthened.

This root primarily concerns the concept of oneness, singularity, and uniqueness. It is famously used in relation to God's absolute oneness and also denotes the number one, the first day of the week, and the state of being alone or singular.

This root appears to relate to a state of being still, quiet, or subdued, often due to illness or pain. It also extends to physical manifestations of distress, such as a runny nose or a bowed head.

This root primarily concerns concepts of immense, terrible, or astonishing things, often personified as calamities or great events. It also extends to meanings of intensity, strength, and sometimes, movement or sound.

This root primarily refers to a prominent Yemeni tribe, Al-Azd, and its subdivisions. It also denotes the progenitor of this tribe, who is identified with the name Asad. The entry highlights historical distinctions between different branches of the Azd tribe.

This root primarily relates to the lion ('asad), its characteristics of bravery and ferocity, and actions associated with it. It extends to concepts of boldness, aggression, and even confusion or anger, metaphorically applied to humans and other phenomena.

This root primarily deals with concepts of covering, closing, and enclosing, often related to garments or physical barriers. It also extends to metaphorical closing or sealing, and includes a rare name for wine.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a specific type of thorny shrub. Its derived forms are scarce and seem to be confined to classical lexicographical sources.

This root primarily denotes concepts of approaching, hastening, and being imminent. It describes something drawing near in time or space, and by extension, the act of being in a hurry or being delayed.

This root primarily relates to confirming, strengthening, or making something firm and solid. It is often used in the context of agreements, contracts, and ensuring the validity or certainty of something.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being accustomed to or familiar with something, often through prolonged exposure or practice. It suggests a state of being settled or established in a particular habit or environment.