Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns containers for liquids, especially milk and ghee, often made from animal skins. It extends to describe large-breasted women, a type of food, and metaphorically, emptiness or death.

This root primarily concerns the concept of adhering to something, persisting in it, and maintaining it consistently. It extends to the idea of something being worn down or depleted due to continuous use or grazing.

The root وعب (wa'aba) primarily relates to encompassing, containing, or taking something entirely. It extends to concepts of completeness, thoroughness, and totality, often implying the removal or consumption of everything within a given scope. This can apply to physical objects, spaces, or abstract concepts like actions and consequences.

This root primarily describes weakness, foolishness, and baseness. It extends to encompass concepts of poor quality, inferiority, and even large size in certain contexts.

The root 'وقب' primarily relates to the concept of entering, penetrating, or being hollowed out. This encompasses physical openings like holes, cavities, and recesses, as well as the act of entering or disappearing into something, such as nightfall or sunset. It also extends to metaphorical senses of foolishness and a wide female opening.

This root primarily concerns the concept of walking, moving, or proceeding, often in a steady, measured, or organized manner. It extends to concepts of persistence, adherence, and the gathering of people or animals in procession. Secondary meanings relate to the ripening of fruit, particularly grapes, and to dirt or grime.

This root primarily relates to entering, reaching, or connecting with something. It extends to concepts of offspring, growth, and even place names or personal names.

This root primarily relates to the concept of waking someone up or alerting them. It encompasses the act of rousing from sleep or inattention, and by extension, making something prominent or noticeable.

The root وهب (w-h-b) primarily concerns the concept of giving, granting, or bestowing, often with connotations of generosity and without expectation of return. It extends to terms for gifts themselves, the giver, and the act of receiving or asking for a gift. It also encompasses related concepts like preparedness, permanence, and even specific geographical or personal names.

This root primarily relates to expressions of wonder, astonishment, or sometimes a mild curse, similar to 'ويل' (woe). It appears in interjections and phrases used to express surprise or to admonish someone. It also has a specific meaning as a unit of measure.

This root primarily relates to the intense heat or fervor of something, particularly the peak of a sheep's estrus cycle. It also touches upon the concept of something being excellent or delightful, though this usage is less emphasized in the provided text.

This root primarily concerns protective coverings, specifically armor and shields. It extends to refer to high-quality steel, likely due to its use in crafting such protective gear. The term also encompasses specific types of legumes.

This root primarily relates to the concept of giving, bestowing, or granting. It can also refer to wind, especially a strong or swift one, and by extension, to swiftness or speed in general. The root also encompasses the idea of yielding or submitting.

This root primarily describes intense heat, particularly of a day or fire, and by extension, the intensity of anger. It also conveys a sense of stillness or lack of wind associated with such heat.

This root primarily deals with the concept of overwhelming someone with speech or arguments, leading to their defeat or silencing. It also encompasses the idea of being subdued or overcome.

This root appears to be related to specific types of hair or bristles, particularly those found on certain animals. It might also extend to describe the texture or appearance of such growths.

This root appears to be related to the concept of eternity, antiquity, or the distant past. It is discussed in relation to the word 'أس' (eternity) and involves a potential etymological connection through letter substitution.

This root primarily relates to the concept of turning or diverting something away. It also encompasses terms for a noble or excellent camel, particularly one that is swift and enduring.

This root primarily concerns oaths, swearing, and binding oneself by an oath. It also extends to concepts of deficiency, reduction, and withholding, often in the context of rights or actions.

The root ءمت primarily relates to estimation, measurement, and assessment. It extends to concepts of purpose, intention, and setting a limit or time. Additionally, it encompasses physical descriptions of terrain, such as elevation and depressions, and can denote flaws or imperfections.

This root primarily relates to the concept of groaning, moaning, or crying out in pain or distress. It also extends to the idea of being envied or suffering from the envy of others.

This root primarily concerns the concept of purity, unmixedness, and sincerity. It extends to meanings of being absolute, unadulterated, or genuine, and can also describe something done without accompaniment or in earnest.

This root appears to relate to concepts of purity, sincerity, and unadulterated essence. It describes something that is genuine, clear, and free from any admixture or concealment.

This root primarily discusses a specific breed of large, long-necked camels originating from Khurasan, known for their milk. It also extends to the concept of good fortune or luck, often considered a loanword from Persian.

This root primarily relates to tools for cutting, specifically an axe, and also to guidance and expertise. It extends to descriptions of terrain, states of being like confusion or anger, and preparation for action. Some terms are specific to certain regions or classical usage.

This root primarily concerns a specific, deep, and notorious well or valley, often associated with a place called Barhut in Hadramawt. It evokes a sense of depth, mystery, and perhaps a place of punishment or torment.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a garden or enclosed cultivated space. It also has a less common association with a specific gait or manner of walking.

This root primarily concerns the concept of suddenness, unexpectedness, and surprise. It describes an event or action that occurs abruptly and without prior warning, often with a sense of being taken unawares.

This root primarily concerns the act of striking, hitting, or reprimanding someone forcefully. It extends to confronting someone with what they dislike or overpowering them with an argument.

The root بلت primarily relates to cutting, severing, or stopping. It extends to meanings of being cut off, ceasing to speak, or becoming disconnected, often due to shyness or exhaustion. It also encompasses concepts of decisiveness and finality in agreements.

This root primarily relates to the act of inquiring or investigating, particularly about someone's lineage or background. It encompasses the idea of asking many questions and the state of being questioned extensively.

This root entry describes a specific type of mountain tree, its fruit, and its characteristics. The fruit is similar to hawthorn but ripens to a black color, becoming very sweet with a small, round pit. It stains the mouth and hands of those who consume or pick it.

This root primarily discusses the concept of a chest, box, or container, particularly one that holds something precious or vital like the heart and liver. It also touches upon the idea of something being enclosed or preserved within such a container.

This root primarily denotes the concept of 'below' or 'underneath' in a spatial sense. It also extends metaphorically to signify lowliness, baseness, or inferiority, contrasting with concepts of nobility and high status. The root can also refer to movement or agitation.

This root pertains to a container for clothes, specifically a chest or wardrobe. It is of Persian origin but has been adopted and used by Arab speakers.

This root primarily concerns the fruit known as 'mulberry' or 'berry', with discussions on its correct pronunciation and orthography. It also extends to related terms, including a type of stone used for kohl and specific tribal names.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being firm, stable, and steadfast. It extends to ideas of permanence, immovability, confirmation, and proving something. It can also describe a state of being fixed in place, either physically or mentally, and by extension, courage and resolution.

This root primarily describes a fissure, crack, or split, particularly in rock. It also extends to encompass various terms for a female sheep (ewe) and related concepts like a type of bridle or a swift gait.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of person or action, though the entry is very brief and obscure. It is primarily associated with a term for someone who is sexually active or perhaps impotent, with limited further semantic development.

This root primarily describes a state of decay, putrefaction, and becoming rotten, particularly applied to meat and wounds. It can also describe a flabby, hanging, or sagging condition, often associated with flesh, gums, or lips.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sound, specifically a loud or crying sound, and by extension, supplication or calling out. It also has a specific anatomical meaning related to the heart.

This root primarily concerns things worshipped besides God, encompassing idols, sorcerers, diviners, and even specific individuals considered objects of misguided devotion. It also extends to practices associated with divination and superstition.

This root appears to relate to the act of feeling or touching, specifically in the context of checking livestock for fatness or health. It describes a tactile examination.

This root primarily relates to the concept of collecting, gathering, or accumulating something, often implying a comprehensive or complete acquisition. It can also extend to the idea of seeking or demanding something with earnestness.

This root primarily relates to ice and frozen water, but also encompasses concepts of striking or beating, with a specific proper noun mentioned.