Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the concept of abundance, specifically concerning flesh or meat. It describes something becoming plentiful or abundant.

This root appears to be related to place names and possibly a specific location. The primary derived word discussed is a place name, with a variant spelling also noted.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of tree (Al-Arak) used for tooth cleaning (siwak), and by extension, to the act of grazing on this tree. It also extends to concepts of staying in a place, becoming accustomed to it, and the healing or settling of wounds. Furthermore, it encompasses terms for elevated seating or couches, often within canopies.

This root primarily refers to the sides or edges of the female genitalia, specifically the labia. It can also metaphorically describe something foul-smelling or a place associated with such odor. The root also appears in a place name.

This root primarily concerns falsehood, lying, and deception. It extends to concepts of being turned away from truth or right, and metaphorically to being overturned or inverted, particularly in relation to divine punishment or natural phenomena.

This root primarily concerns intense hardship, severe heat, and oppressive stillness, often associated with difficult times or oppressive conditions. It also extends to meanings of crowding, congestion, and deep-seated resentment or malice.

This root primarily concerns the concept of carrying or delivering a message, akin to a messenger. It extends to the act of chewing or masticating, as a message is 'worked' in the mouth. The root also encompasses things that are eaten, possibly due to the chewing association.

This root primarily discusses a type of metal, specifically lead or tin, and its properties. It also touches upon the concept of something becoming large or significant, possibly related to the metal's density or value.

This root primarily concerns dense, intertwined trees or thickets. It can refer to a general thicket of trees, a specific type of vegetation like a grove of lote trees and arak, or even a collection of arak trees. The term can also denote a specific location or city name.

This root primarily denotes cutting, severing, or detaching something from its origin. It is often used in the context of cutting off ears of animals, but can also refer to cutting hair or feathers, or a sharp, decisive sword.

This root appears to be a variant or dialectal form of another root, specifically related to a type of veil or head covering. The primary meaning revolves around the object itself and its use.

This root primarily relates to water bodies, specifically pools or stagnant water. It also extends to certain types of desert vegetation, place names, and a month name.

This root appears to relate to the concept of small hills or mounds. It also has a derived meaning related to cutting or fragmenting something into small pieces.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of garment, particularly a cloak or robe made of wool. It describes its construction and appearance, noting variations in its name and form.

The root بشك (b-sh-k) primarily relates to concepts of poor quality, clumsiness, or excessive speed in actions like sewing, speaking, or movement. It can also denote lying, fabricating, or a hurried, sometimes awkward, gait.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting or severing, often used metaphorically for a sharp or decisive sword. It also appears in expressions indicating a lack of cutting or harm.

This root primarily refers to the title of a high-ranking Christian cleric, the patriarch. It also has a secondary, less common meaning related to a distinguished or proud gait, possibly of Persian origin.

This root primarily relates to concepts of hitting, striking, and roughness, particularly in a physical sense. It extends to meanings of density, intensity, and the core or midst of things, as well as gatherings and commotion.

The root بكك primarily relates to concepts of striking, piercing, crushing, and crowding. It extends to meanings of being crushed, being poor, and also describes physical attributes like stoutness and roughness. The name of Mecca is also derived from this root, linked to the crowding and pushing of pilgrims.

This root appears to relate to sounds produced by the mouth, specifically the movement of the cheeks or jaws, possibly due to excessive talking or excitement. It also has a secondary meaning related to mixing or confusing things.

This root primarily describes a tenacious plant that clings to clothing, making it difficult to remove. It also extends metaphorically to describe something that adheres or sticks closely.

This root primarily describes something slow, heavy, or sluggish, often applied to animals like camels and camels, but also to humans. It can also refer to a type of date.

This root primarily refers to parts of a garment, specifically the collar or buttons of a shirt. It also encompasses related concepts like fastenings or adornments.

The root 'بوك' primarily relates to concepts of fatness, abundance, and fullness, particularly in animals like camels. It also extends to meanings of mixing, stirring, selling, buying, and sexual intercourse, with some senses being specific to classical usage or animal contexts.

This root appears to relate to a place name, possibly derived from a verb meaning to weep or flow. It also describes a specific type of grape.

This root primarily relates to the concept of staying or residing in a place. It also denotes a specific location derived from this meaning.

The root 'ترك' primarily denotes the act of leaving, abandoning, or letting something be. It extends to concepts of preservation, inheritance, and even specific natural phenomena like bird eggs or types of vegetation, reflecting a broad semantic field of separation and cessation.

This root primarily relates to the act of crushing or mashing something soft by stepping on it. It also extends to meanings of foolishness, destruction, and a specific type of bird.

This root primarily relates to pointing, indicating, or signifying something, often with a sense of remoteness or emphasis. It can also imply a connection or correspondence between two things.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being tall, elevated, or prominent, particularly in reference to a camel's hump. It extends to meanings of being well-fed, robust, and substantial, and can also describe elevated structures.

This root primarily relates to the concept of foolishness, stupidity, and being senseless. It describes a profound lack of intelligence or reason, often implying an inherent or extreme degree of foolishness.

This root appears to be related to extreme foolishness or stupidity. The primary derived term describes someone as intensely foolish, with no clear verbal origin.

The root حبك (ḥ-b-k) primarily relates to the concept of tightening, securing, and making something firm or well-made. It extends to describing textures, patterns, and structures that are interwoven, patterned, or tightly formed, such as in sand dunes, hair, or woven fabric.

This root primarily describes physical characteristics, particularly those related to the back, legs, and overall stature. It can denote someone with a long back and short legs, implying weakness or immobility, and also refers to perished people or a type of tick.

This root primarily describes a specific manner of walking, characterized by short, quick steps and a close gait. It extends to related concepts like searching, examining, and also describes things or beings that are small, short, or stunted.

The root حرك (ḥarak) primarily denotes movement, motion, and agitation. It extends to concepts of stirring, changing state, and physical actions. Derived terms also describe parts of the body, particularly the neck and shoulders, and can refer to impotence or weakness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of tightening, binding, and constricting, often with a rope or similar binding material. It extends to the idea of being tightly bound or constricted.

The root حسك primarily relates to thorny plants and their sharp, clinging fruits. It extends metaphorically to concepts of malice, hatred, and stubbornness, as well as to military devices designed to impede enemies. It also denotes specific animals and places.

The root حشك primarily relates to the accumulation or gathering of something, particularly milk in an udder, or people. It can also denote intensity, fullness, or a strong gathering, extending to concepts like intense effort or a dense collection of rain.

This root appears to describe weakness or feebleness, particularly in a man. The derived terms specifically denote a person who is lacking in strength or vigor.

This root appears to describe weakness or feebleness, possibly in a physical or general sense. The primary derived term relates to someone who is weak.

The root حكك (ḥkk) primarily denotes the action of rubbing or scratching, often to relieve an itch or irritation. It extends to concepts of friction, scraping, and even metaphorical ideas like doubt, suspicion, or provocation. The root also encompasses related physical objects and actions, such as specific types of stones, gaits, or games.

This root primarily denotes intense blackness, often compared to the color of a raven. It extends to describe things that are extremely dark or burnt, and also refers to a type of small reptile.

The root حمك primarily denotes smallness, insignificance, or baseness. It extends to refer to young creatures, lowly people, and even guides who are lost or incompetent. The core concept revolves around being small, weak, or of low quality.

The root 'ḥnk' primarily relates to the mouth, specifically the palate or jaw, and by extension, the act of manipulating or controlling something through the mouth or by force. It also extends to concepts of experience, maturity, and thoroughness, often metaphorically linked to the physical act of manipulation.

This root primarily concerns the act of weaving and interlacing, extending metaphorically to the formation and integration of ideas or objects. It also encompasses related concepts like the resulting woven fabric, the weaver, and the idea of something being firmly established or ingrained.

This root primarily concerns the act of weaving and the craft of a weaver. It extends to describe a specific manner of walking characterized by swaggering, swaying, or a wide gait, and metaphorically, the impact or effect of words or actions on the heart or mind.

This root primarily relates to a specific geographical location and the act of stubbornness or persistence. It denotes a place on the coast of Persia where a garrison is stationed, and also a general location. The root is also used to describe someone who is obstinate or insistent.