Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily describes the act of pushing, shoving, or jostling against others, often in a context of close proximity or struggle. It can also imply a forceful or vigorous movement.

This root primarily relates to the act of stamping or treading, often with a rhythmic or forceful motion. It can also refer to a specific type of plant.

This root appears to describe a person who is unconcerned or indifferent to negative remarks or actions directed at them. It characterizes someone who is heedless of insults or ill-treatment.

The root 'درك' primarily concerns the concept of reaching, catching up with, or attaining something. It extends to the idea of consequence, a lower level or depth, and sequential or continuous action. This includes physical attainment, the end of a period, and metaphorical reaching of understanding or a state.

This root primarily relates to reaching, attaining, or catching up to something. It also extends to concepts of connection, attachment, and sometimes a sense of being trapped or falling behind. It appears in terms for parts of a bow, days of conflict, and personal or animal names.

This root primarily relates to fine, powdery substances, particularly flour or dust. It extends to describe soft, fine carpets or rugs, and by extension, can refer to low-class or base people.

This root primarily refers to types of carpets, rugs, or thick cloths, often characterized by a short pile or fuzz. It can also describe a specific kind of fabric or covering, sometimes with a yellowish or greenish hue, and is associated with warmth or thickness.

This root appears to relate to large, substantial things, particularly in the context of animals. It is used to name a lion and to describe large portions of meat from ostriches and sheep.

The root دعك (da'aka) primarily relates to the action of rubbing, grinding, or wearing down something, often to soften or make it pliable. It extends to concepts of intense interaction, conflict, and even moral or physical degradation. Figuratively, it can describe stubbornness, foolishness, or a state of being worn out.

The root 'دلك' primarily relates to rubbing, massaging, or wiping something. It extends to concepts of wearing down, refining through experience, and the act of setting or declining, particularly concerning the sun. It also encompasses terms for specific substances used for rubbing and certain types of food or plants.

This root primarily describes something large, heavy, and relaxed, particularly a female camel. It conveys a sense of bulkiness and a lack of agility.

The root دمك (DMK) primarily relates to concepts of speed, force, and solidity. It describes rapid movement, crushing or grinding, and things that are strong, solid, or substantial. It also extends to abstract notions like calamities and completeness.

This root primarily describes something smooth, round, and well-formed, often referring to stones or rounded body parts. It can also denote something well-made, compact, or tightly bound.

This root appears to be related to place names. The primary derived lemma refers to a specific location mentioned in classical poetry. The root's usage seems limited to geographical references.

This root primarily concerns the act of grinding, crushing, and breaking things into small pieces. It extends metaphorically to describe the wearing down or destruction of objects, and even the physical breakdown of animals.

This root primarily refers to a place, with one derived term specifically denoting a type of terrain. The word 'dahlik' is identified as a foreign, Arabized term.

This root primarily concerns the act of crushing, grinding, or pounding substances, often related to perfumes or spices. It extends to meanings of mixing, confusion, and intense interaction, including sexual intercourse and illness.

This root primarily concerns the male chicken (rooster) and its associated terms. It also extends to describe specific anatomical features, geographical features, and metaphorical uses related to care and affection.

This root primarily concerns the concept of mixing, blending, or confusing things together. It extends to the idea of becoming entangled or stuck in a situation, and also refers to a specific type of food mixture.

This root primarily describes a specific gait or manner of walking, characterized by a swaying, hesitant, or measured pace. It can apply to camels and, less commonly, to other animals, and metaphorically to laughter.

This root appears to relate to concepts of softness, beauty, youth, and fullness, particularly when describing young women and their physical attributes. It also extends to descriptions of good character and physical substance.

This root entry primarily discusses a proper name, Yazid al-Rashk, known for his exceptional skill in arithmetic and inheritance calculations. The entry also touches upon the etymology of the name 'al-Rashk' itself, with scholarly debate on its Arabic origin.

This root primarily relates to the action of closing and opening the eyes, often with a sense of quickness or suddenness. It can also extend to actions involving manipulation or forceful closing.

This root primarily relates to the concept of staying, remaining, or being fixed in a place. It also extends to describe specific types of horses, colors of animals (especially camels), and a substance mixed with perfumes.

This root appears to be related to the concept of color or hue, specifically a deep or dark shade. It is also associated with a place name or a tribal affiliation.

This root primarily describes weakness, exhaustion, and a heavy, unsteady gait. It can also refer to a specific type of soft, yielding ground.

This root appears to relate to specific anatomical features of a horse, particularly concerning the shoulder area. It describes protrusions or parts of the shoulder region.

The root زحك (z-h-k) primarily relates to the concepts of moving away, receding, or withdrawing. It can also denote staying in a place or approaching. Derived forms describe a tired or exhausted animal.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of plant, possibly a thorny or prickly one, and its associated properties or uses. The primary lemma describes the plant itself and its plural form.

This root appears to relate to a specific tool or part of a milling apparatus, likely a wooden handle or lever used to operate a millstone. It may also extend to related concepts of driving or guiding.

This root primarily describes shortness and a compact build, often with negative connotations of meanness or unpleasantness. It can also refer to stoutness, particularly in camels, and sometimes implies being aged or emaciated.

This root primarily relates to the concept of insertion or intermingling, particularly in the context of a bird's tail. It also extends to meanings of intense anger and filling something.

This root primarily describes physical characteristics, particularly shortness and stoutness, often with a negative connotation of being clumsy or ill-formed. It also extends to describe a specific gait, like that of a raven, and can imply arrogance or conceit.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being crushed or pressed, particularly between two hard objects like stones. It also extends to the idea of being worn down or eroded by wind.

This root primarily describes a specific manner of walking, characterized by short, close steps, often with a swaying of the hips and shoulders, and a wide stance. It can also denote arrogance or pride in one's gait, and is associated with shortness of stature.

This root describes a specific type of gait or movement, particularly characterized by a swaying or shaking of the hips and sides. It also extends to describing a person who walks with such a gait, often implying shortness or a particular build.

This root pertains to the act of walking with pride and arrogance. It describes a conceited gait and a haughty demeanor, often implying a deliberate display of self-importance.

This root primarily concerns the process of melting and casting metals, particularly gold and silver. It extends to the resulting cast piece and, metaphorically, to refined or pure substances.

This root primarily describes intense blackness, particularly in relation to darkness and hair. It also extends to the idea of being crushed or ground down, though this usage is less common and sometimes debated in its form.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sticking to, adhering to, or being devoted to something. It also extends to meanings of being skilled or quick in action, particularly with tools or weapons, and the act of stacking or piling things up.

This root primarily describes a slowness or weakness in walking, often due to fatigue or physical ailment. It can also refer to a general decline in bodily strength after a period of vigor.

This root primarily concerns the act of spilling, pouring out, or shedding, especially of blood. It extends to the metaphorical spilling of words, indicating talkativeness, eloquence, or even falsehood. It also encompasses related concepts like the soul and a gift to a guest.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of alcoholic beverage, particularly one originating from Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and made from millet. It also touches upon the act of intoxication associated with such drinks.

This root primarily concerns the concept of entering, passing through, or causing something to enter or pass through. It extends to the idea of following a path, both literally and figuratively, and can also refer to a thread or a straight course.

This root primarily concerns the concept of height, elevation, and things that are high or raised. It extends to cover the sky, ceilings, and even the stature of beings. It also encompasses specific astronomical and astrological terms.

This root appears to be very rare and is primarily associated with a specific, possibly obscure, meaning related to softness or yielding, as described by Ibn al-A'rabi. Its usage is not widely attested in classical Arabic lexicography.