Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns sounds originating from the belly, particularly those of animals, and by extension, the act of drinking in the morning.

The root نفق primarily relates to concepts of passing away, depletion, and circulation. It extends to the idea of a passage or tunnel, and metaphorically to hypocrisy and deceit, often linked to the behavior of a desert rodent.

This root primarily concerns the sounds made by various animals, particularly frogs, chickens, and ostriches. It also extends to related concepts like the animals themselves and, metaphorically, to other sounds or actions.

This root primarily concerns the act of writing, embellishing, and decorating, particularly in the context of texts and surfaces. It extends to the quality of being well-crafted or adorned, and also has a distinct, unrelated meaning related to a foul odor.

This root primarily denotes various types of cushions, pillows, and padded coverings used for seating or resting. It extends to describe the padding or covering itself, particularly for saddles.

This root primarily concerns the braying sound of a donkey. It extends to describe the anatomical parts associated with this sound, specific types of donkeys and horses, a type of wild plant, and a geographical location. It also includes a verb form related to filling something up.

This root primarily concerns camels, specifically female camels (nāqah) and their young. It extends to concepts of gentleness, training, and refinement, both literally with animals and figuratively with matters and speech.

This root primarily relates to elevated or high places, particularly in mountains. It also extends to concepts of excellence, refinement, and meticulousness in actions, food, and clothing.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of garment, possibly a shirt or tunic, and its Persian origin. The entry discusses the Arabicization of the Persian term.

This root appears to relate to the concept of something being well-known, famous, or widely recognized. It is primarily used to describe garments that are familiar or of a particular type.

This root appears to be related to the concept of excessive sexual intercourse. It also has a less certain connection to a type of plant.

This root primarily relates to the craft of metalworking, specifically involving fire and refinement. It extends to describe the worker themselves, and metaphorically to a large, strong wild bull or an old, large ibex.

This root primarily relates to foolishness, stupidity, and a lack of intelligence. It is also used to describe a servant or young man, and appears in the name of a proverbially foolish historical figure.

This root primarily deals with the concept of breaking or shattering something, often with a sense of it being fragile or easily broken. It describes the action of breaking and the state of being broken.

This root primarily deals with the concept of pouring, spilling, or shedding, especially liquids like water or blood. It extends to related ideas like flowing, spreading, and even metaphorical shedding or loss. Some derived forms also refer to specific objects or places associated with these actions.

This root primarily relates to excessive or unrestrained laughter, often implying a lack of seriousness or dignity. It also extends to meanings of liveliness, quickness, and sometimes a boisterous or flighty nature, as well as the loud sound of thunder.

This root primarily relates to forms of laughter, specifically mocking or derisive laughter. It also extends to the concept of speed and swiftness, particularly in relation to birds like ostriches.

This root appears to relate to concepts of fire and possibly a specific type of person or object associated with it. The primary meanings revolve around the intense heat and burning nature of fire.

This root appears to relate to the act of weaving or preparing threads for weaving. It specifically describes the threads or material that a weaver uses in their work.

This root appears to relate to the concept of tender, fresh, and abundant vegetation. It describes plants that are succulent and growing vigorously.

This root pertains to the Persian loanword for 'week'. It is primarily used in classical Arabic poetry and prose to denote a period of seven days, often with a Persian flavor.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fleeing or rapid movement, often with connotations of exhaustion or intense effort. It also extends to descriptions of vigorous sexual intercourse and the sound of rapid movement.

This root appears to relate to speed or swiftness in movement. However, its usage is noted as uncertain or not firmly established in classical Arabic dictionaries.

This root primarily relates to plants, specifically a type of herb, and also describes a particular gait or manner of walking. It extends to describe a seed-like substance and a type of finely ground flour.

This root primarily describes a state of being weary, bored, or annoyed. It conveys a sense of mental fatigue or dissatisfaction with a situation.

This root appears to relate to musical instruments, specifically wind instruments like flutes or pipes. It also has a secondary meaning related to a passage or channel, possibly derived from the hollow nature of a pipe.

This root primarily describes a type of water-holding depression in the ground, characterized by mud and frequented by birds. It also encompasses the concept of being deep or submerged in such a place.

This root primarily describes tallness, particularly in men and ostriches, often implying a slender or delicate build. It also extends to characteristics associated with the ostrich, such as skittishness and speed.

This root appears to relate to water birds, specifically a type of waterfowl. The entry discusses the etymology and potential variations in pronunciation or linguistic origin of a specific term for this bird.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of perishing, destruction, and being trapped or held back. It extends to meanings of causing destruction, being humbled, and also acting as a barrier or a place of confinement.

This root primarily concerns concepts of trust, reliability, and security. It extends to ideas of being trustworthy, dependable, and firmly established. It also encompasses the notion of binding, securing, and making covenants or agreements.

The root ودق primarily relates to the concept of closeness, proximity, and drawing near. It extends to meanings of desire, eagerness, and intense heat, as well as physical expansion and a specific type of eye ailment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of leaves, paper, and by extension, things that are thin, flat, or numerous like leaves. It extends to meanings related to money, young men, and even specific plants and places.

The root وسق primarily relates to the concept of carrying, bearing, or holding a load. This extends to the idea of gathering, collecting, and consolidating things, as well as the fullness or completion of something, particularly the moon.

This root primarily relates to the act of scratching, tearing, or cutting, often with a sharp object. It also extends to describe a specific method of preserving meat by boiling and drying it, and metaphorically to swiftness or being stuck.

This root primarily describes negative character traits such as meanness, stubbornness, and ill-temper. It also extends to concepts of greed, ignorance, and stubbornness in error. Additionally, it encompasses sounds made by animals, particularly horses and rodents.

This root primarily concerns agreement, conformity, and suitability. It extends to concepts of coincidence, alignment, and divine guidance or success granted by God.

This root primarily relates to sounds, particularly those associated with fear or agitation, and extends to concepts of weakness, cowardice, and excessive talkativeness. It also encompasses geographical and zoological terms.

The root ولق (w-l-q) primarily relates to swift, continuous, or repeated actions. This includes light but rapid striking, fast and easy movement, and persistent continuation in speech or falsehood. It can also denote a state of light-headedness or a form of madness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of love and affection. It describes the act of loving someone, the state of being loved, and the feeling of affection itself. The nuances differentiate between pure love and passionate love.

This root primarily concerns ropes, particularly those used for ensnaring animals or humans. It extends metaphorically to concepts of being trapped or bound. Additionally, it develops into a meaning related to keeping pace or competing in speed, especially among animals.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of water bird, particularly known in Iraq. Variations in pronunciation and spelling exist, including the use of a hamza and an alternative name.

This root primarily concerns afflictions and diseases affecting plants and humans, as well as specific types of adornments and accessories. It also touches upon the concept of something being affected by these ailments.

This root primarily relates to observing, watching, or looking at something, often with a sense of vigilance or scrutiny. It can also refer to specific garments or items of clothing, possibly derived from the act of observing or being observed.

This root appears to relate to the concept of necklaces or collars, specifically those worn around the neck. The primary derived term refers to such ornaments, with discussion focusing on its singular form and poetic usage.

This root primarily describes extreme, pure whiteness. It is used to denote the most intense and unblemished white, often in a figurative or poetic sense. It also has a specific application to the core of a palm tree.

This root primarily describes whiteness or paleness, particularly in animals like cattle and goats. It can also refer to the eggs of cattle, implying a pale or white color.

This root primarily relates to a type of garment, specifically a Persian tunic or coat that was adopted into Arabic. It also appears in poetic descriptions, possibly referring to the garment's appearance or a related concept.