Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of pushing away, defending, or repelling. It extends to the idea of a leader or spokesperson who acts on behalf of a group, defending their interests.

This root primarily concerns the loss of reason, disorientation, or being bewildered, often due to intense emotion like love or grief. It also extends to a specific condition of a she-camel losing attachment to its young or familiar surroundings.

This root primarily concerns the act of rolling, especially of heavy objects like stones or large animals. It also extends to related concepts like the movement of herds and, metaphorically, to identifying or understanding a person's true nature.

This root primarily relates to depressions or hollows in the ground, particularly those that collect water. It can also refer to a rocky, uneven terrain.

This root primarily concerns the concept of ease, comfort, and a relaxed state, often associated with abundant resources or a lack of hardship. It extends to notions of gentle movement, pleasant living conditions, and even a sense of peace or contentment.

This root primarily relates to the shimmering appearance of a mirage, often described as a deceptive watery illusion on the ground. It also extends to the concept of something being strong, vigorous, or in its prime.

This root primarily concerns the loss of mental faculties, specifically due to old age. It describes a state of senility and individuals affected by it.

This root primarily denotes the anus or posterior, often used metaphorically. It also extends to meanings related to being old, established, or foolish.

The root سفه (s-f-h) primarily denotes foolishness, immaturity, and a lack of sense or restraint, contrasting with wisdom and forbearance. It extends to meanings of lightness, being easily swayed, deception, and excessive consumption.

This root primarily concerns rapid, tireless running, often to the point of exhaustion or without clear purpose. It also extends to concepts of falsehood, dispersion, and the space between heaven and earth.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a year, its passage, and its effects, particularly in relation to agriculture and time. It also extends to ideas of drought, cyclical bearing of fruit, and the duration of time.

This root primarily concerns resemblance, similarity, and likeness. It extends to concepts of doubt, confusion, and imitation, as well as specific material objects like a type of copper and a plant.

This root primarily concerns states of intense emotion, particularly astonishment, amazement, or being overwhelmed. It can also refer to being preoccupied or busy with something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense desire, greed, and voraciousness, particularly related to food or worldly possessions. It describes an overwhelming urge and a lack of restraint in seeking or consuming.

This root primarily concerns the lips and related actions. It extends to meanings of being occupied, busy, or bothered by something, often through persistent questioning or requests. It also covers the act of direct verbal communication.

This root primarily concerns the concept of resemblance, similarity, and approaching something or someone. It extends to the idea of being akin to or approximating a quality or person, often in the context of praise.

This root primarily deals with ugliness, deformity, and being struck by the evil eye. It extends to concepts of being disliked, swiftness in striking, and also has a distinct meaning related to sheep and wild goats, including their hunting and related terms.

This root primarily concerns the imperative of silence or quietness. It is used as a command to stop speaking or to be still. The entry also touches upon grammatical nuances related to its usage, particularly concerning the addition of nunation.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something good, excellent, or desirable, often in the context of land or possessions. It can also refer to specific types of garments.

This root primarily concerns a deficiency in intellect, encompassing foolishness, madness, and a lack of sound judgment. It describes a state of mental impairment or immaturity.

This root primarily concerns concepts of arrogance, haughtiness, and pride. It can also extend to meanings of ignorance, foolishness, and stubbornness, often associated with an inflated sense of self-importance.

This root primarily concerns negative character traits, specifically bad temper, ill-manners, and arrogance. It describes individuals and animals exhibiting such dispositions.

This root primarily describes a person who is aloof, unfeeling, or haughty. It can also refer to someone who is stubborn or resistant to emotional engagement, particularly with music or entertainment.

This root primarily concerns thorny trees, specifically those that are large and have thorns, referred to as 'ʿaḍāh'. It also extends to concepts of slander, falsehood, and deception, often metaphorically linked to the sharp, harmful nature of thorny plants. Additionally, it includes terms for venomous snakes.

This root primarily concerns states of confusion, bewilderment, and intense emotion. It also extends to descriptions of intense hunger, spiritedness in animals, and specific types of garments.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being lost, confused, or bewildered, often due to a lack of direction or clear signs. It extends to describe places or situations that are disorienting and things that have gone missing without a trace.

This root primarily concerns affliction, disaster, or calamity, particularly as it affects crops or people. It also extends to the concept of being detained or stuck in a place, and a specific term for descending late at night.

This root primarily concerns skill, expertise, and excellence, particularly in relation to animals like donkeys and mules. It also extends to meanings of arrogance, haughtiness, and producing offspring.

This root primarily concerns understanding and comprehension. It extends to the specialized knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence and those who possess it.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pleasantness, joy, and enjoyment, often associated with fruits and lightheartedness. It extends to meanings of being cheerful, playful, and sometimes to excess, like being boastful or unmindful. It also encompasses the idea of delighting in something or regretting an action.

This root primarily concerns the mouth and speaking. It extends to the act of speaking, the mouth's physical characteristics like size and protrusion of teeth, and metaphorical uses related to communication and curses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of speech impediment, specifically stammering or being tongue-tied. It extends to meanings of being foolish, ignorant, or making mistakes, and also encompasses the idea of being distracted or having something made to be forgotten.

This root primarily describes the act of raising one's head high, often in a proud or defiant manner, or referring to something that is elevated. It is particularly used for camels that lift their heads towards the sky.

This root primarily relates to obedience, submission, and understanding. It encompasses concepts of being commanded, obeying authority, and comprehending a matter.

This root primarily describes loud, unrestrained laughter, often characterized by a repetitive sound. It also extends to describe a similar repetitive sound or motion in other contexts, such as in travel or animal movement.

This root appears to relate to the concept of milk, specifically its taste and quality, and also to a type of white fabric.

This root primarily relates to striking, impacting, or affecting something forcefully, leaving a significant mark or impression. It can also refer to a severe or difficult condition, often as a result of such an impact.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of dislike, aversion, and unwillingness. It extends to concepts of hardship, difficulty, and being compelled or forced to do something against one's will. It also touches upon intense or severe situations, particularly in warfare.

This root primarily deals with blindness, both congenital and acquired. It also extends to a sense of disorientation or being lost, unable to find one's way.

This root primarily concerns the concept of essence, core, or ultimate reality of a thing. It also extends to the idea of reaching or comprehending this ultimate state, often in a temporal or definitive sense.

This root primarily relates to sounds, particularly guttural or choked noises, and by extension, to a state of being hesitant or awestruck. It also describes a specific type of unpleasant smell or exhalation.

This root primarily describes a vast, open, and potentially barren plain where mirages appear. It also extends to describe poorly woven or constructed things, such as textiles, speech, or poetry.

This root primarily discusses the concept of concealment or covering. It also delves into the etymology and grammatical variations of the divine name Allah, including its potential origins and related exclamations.

This root primarily concerns praise, commendation, and the act of praising someone. It also extends to the person who praises and the concept of praise itself.

This root primarily relates to a defect or corruption, particularly concerning the eye. It describes a spoiled or unhealthy eye, often due to the absence of kohl, and extends to a general sense of being spoiled or corrupted.

This root primarily describes a specific shade of color, a whitish-blue or pale hue. It is also used to describe something that is unpleasantly pale or white, like plaster, and can be metaphorically applied to a mirage.

This root primarily relates to concepts of gentleness, beauty, and pleasantness, often in contrast to harshness or difficulty. It also encompasses terms for vast, desolate places and the act of repelling or urging someone forward.

This root primarily concerns water, its presence, and its abundance. It extends to concepts of watering, being watery, and metaphorically, to deception and superficial coating.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of being well-known, famous, and prominent. It also extends to waking up, becoming aware, and drawing attention to something, often in contrast to being obscure or forgotten.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of repelling, deterring, and rejecting. It also extends to the idea of being unwelcome or disliked upon arrival in a place.