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سنه

Root entry · 14 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of a year, its passage, and its effects, particularly in relation to agriculture and time. It also extends to ideas of drought, cyclical bearing of fruit, and the duration of time.

Derived headwords

السَّنَةnoun
  1. 1.
    the way, conductboth

    the way, conduct

  2. 2.
    plural of 'lisān' (tongue), like 'ḥimār' and 'aḥmira'both

    plural of 'lisān' (tongue), like 'ḥimār' and 'aḥmira'

  3. 3.
    drowsinessboth

    drowsiness

  4. 4.
    one of the yearsboth

    one of the years

  5. 5.
    and regarding its missing letter, there are two opinions: one is the waw, and the other is the ha'both

    and regarding its missing letter, there are two opinions: one is the waw, and the other is the ha'

  6. 6.
    and its origin is 'sanha' on the pattern of 'jabha'both

    and its origin is 'sanha' on the pattern of 'jabha'

  7. 7.
    and its diminutive is 'sunayya' and 'sufayha'both

    and its diminutive is 'sunayya' and 'sufayha'

سَنَوَاتnoun
  1. 1.
    yearsboth

    The plural form of 'year'.

سِنِينَnoun
  1. 1.
    and some say 'sinīn' and 'minīn' with rafʿ and tanwīn, so it is inflected like a singular nounboth

    and some say 'sinīn' and 'minīn' with rafʿ and tanwīn, so it is inflected like a singular noun

سَنُونَnoun
  1. 1.
    yearsboth

    Another plural form of 'year', with variations in pronunciation and grammatical analysis.

سَنِهَاءadjective
  1. 1.
    alternately bearing fruitclassical

    Describes a date palm that bears fruit in one year but not the next, implying a cyclical or inconsistent yield.

تَسَنَّهَverb
  1. 1.
    to pass yearsclassical

    To experience the passage of years, often implying the accumulation of time or age.

تَسَنَّيْتُ عِنْدَهُverb
  1. 1.
    to stay with someone for a yearclassical

    To reside or remain in the company of someone for the duration of a year.

اِسْتَأْجَرَهُ مُسَانَاةًverb
  1. 1.
    to hire for a yearclassical

    To rent or employ someone or something for a period of one year.

مُسَانَاةnoun
  1. 1.
    a form related to 'sana'both

    a form related to 'sana'

مُسَانَهَةnoun
  1. 1.
    a form related to 'sana'both

    a form related to 'sana'

سُنَيَّةnoun
  1. 1.
    small yearclassical

    The diminutive form of 'year', referring to a short period or a year of little consequence.

سُنَيْهَةnoun
  1. 1.
    small yearclassical

    Another diminutive form of 'year', used similarly to 'sunayyah'.

التَّسَنُّهnoun
  1. 1.
    the spoilage that occurs to bread, drink, and other thingsboth

    the spoilage that occurs to bread, drink, and other things

مُتَسَنِّهadjective
  1. 1.
    stale breadboth

    stale bread

Parallel reading

السنة: واحدة السنين.
The year: it is the singular of the years.
وفي نقصانها قولان: أحدهما الواو وأصلها سنوة، والآخر الهاء وأصلها سنهة مثل جبهة، لأنها من سنهت النخلة وتسنهت، إذا أتت عليها السنون.
And regarding its deficiency (pluralization), there are two opinions: one is the 'waw', and its origin is 'sanwah', and the other is the 'ha', and its origin is 'sanahah' like 'jabhah', because it is from 'sanahat' the palm tree and 'tasannahat', meaning the years have come upon it.
ونخلة سنهاء، أي تحمل سنة ولا تحمل أخرى.
And a date palm 'sanhaa', meaning it bears fruit one year and does not bear the next.
فليست بسنهاء ولا رجبية * ولكن عرايا في السنين الجوائح
It is not 'sanhaa' nor 'rajabiyyah' * but rather gifts in the destructive years.
أنها التي أصابتها السنة المجدبة.
That it is that which the barren year afflicted.
يقال أرض بني فلان سنة، إذا كانت مجدبة.
It is said, 'The land of so-and-so's family is a 'sanah', if it is barren.
والعرب تقول: تسنيت عنده، وتسنهت عنده.
And the Arabs say: 'Tasnaytu 'indahu', and 'Tasannahatu 'indahu'.
واستأجرته مساناة ومسانهة.
And I hired him for a 'musanah' and a 'musanahah'.
وفي التصغير سنية وسنيهة.
And in the diminutive, 'sunayyah' and 'sunayhah'.
وإذا جمعت بالواو والنون كسرت بالسين فقلت سنون وبعضهم يقول سنون بالضم.
And when you pluralize with 'waw' and 'nun', you break the 'sin' and say 'sunun', and some say 'sunun' with a dammah.
وأما من قال سنين ومئين ورفع النون ففى تقديره قولان:
As for those who say 'sinin' and 'mi'in' and raise the 'nun', there are two opinions regarding its estimation:
أحدهما أنه فعلين مثل غسلين محذوفة إلا أنه جمع شاذ، وقد يجئ في الجموع ما لا نظير له نحو عدى، وهذا قول الاخفش.
One is that it is 'fa'ilayn' like 'ghaslayn' with the 'ya' omitted, except that it is an irregular plural, and sometimes in plurals, there comes what has no parallel, like ' 'udayy', and this is the opinion of Al-Akhfash.
والقول الثاني أنه فعيل وإنما كسروا الفاء لكسرة ما بعدها، وقد جاء الجمع على فعيل نحو كليب وعبيد، إلا أن صاحب هذا القول يجعل النون في آخره بدلا من الواو، وفى المائة بدلا من الياء.
And the second opinion is that it is 'fa'il', and they only broke the 'fa' due to the kasrah of what comes after it, and a plural has come in the form of 'fa'il' like 'kulayb' and ' 'ubayd', except that the holder of this opinion makes the 'nun' at its end a substitute for the 'waw', and in 'mi'ah' a substitute for the 'ya'.
وقوله تعالى: (ثلثمائة سنين) قال الاخفش: إنه بدل من ثلاث ومن المائة، أي لبثوا ثلثمائة من السنين.
And His saying, the Almighty: (three hundred years) Al-Akhfash said: it is a substitute for 'three' and for 'hundred', meaning they stayed for three hundred of the years.
قال: فإن كانت السنون تفسيرا للمائة فهى جر، وإن كانت تفسير اللثلاث فهى نصب.
He said: If the years are an explanation for the hundred, then it is genitive, and if it is an explanation for the three, then it is accusative.
والتسنه: التكرج الذى يقع على الخبز (*) والشراب وغيرهما.
And 'al-tasannuh': the tray that is placed over bread (*) and drink and other things.
تقول: خبز متسنه.
You say: 'khubz mutasannih' (bread placed in a tasannuh).