Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of exhaustion, weariness, and becoming weak or incapacitated. It extends to describing animals, particularly camels, that are tired and unable to continue, and by extension, a person who is weak-hearted or cowardly.

This root primarily concerns the sense of smell, specifically related to breath and mouth odor. It extends to the act of smelling, detecting odors, and by extension, the state of one's breath or mouth.

The root نمه appears to be related to the concept of confusion or bewilderment. It is described as a Yeminite term, suggesting a regional or less common usage.

This root primarily concerns the concept of stopping, restraining, or preventing something or someone. It extends to the act of deterring, repelling, or holding back, often through a forceful command or action. It also has a secondary meaning related to finely woven or thin fabric.

This root primarily deals with the concept of ending, completion, or reaching a limit. It describes something that has come to an end or is finished, often implying a cessation of activity or a final point.

This root primarily relates to place names and potentially a specific location in the Hijaz region. It also touches upon the derivation of adjectives and names related to these places, with some discussion on variations in pronunciation and identification.

This root primarily deals with interjections expressing warning, pain, or laughter. It also extends to describe characteristics associated with these states, such as weakness of heart, foolishness, and nonsensical speech. Additionally, it relates to specific types of wells and gaits.

This root primarily deals with expressions of calling, urging, or beckoning, often with connotations of distance, warning, or dismissal. It also encompasses sounds associated with laughter, grief, and animal calls, as well as names for demonic entities.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of intelligence, awareness, and attention. It also extends to meanings related to pride, indifference, and even a sense of lament or complaint.

The root 'وجه' primarily deals with the concept of direction, facing, or aspect. It extends to notions of appearance, countenance, and the way something is presented or oriented. Derived meanings include leadership, importance, and specific technical terms in poetry and grammar.

This root primarily deals with concepts of gathering, coming together, and submission. It extends to meanings of being overcome, yielding, and obeying, particularly in the context of conflict or leadership. It also includes a term for a person with a fair complexion.

This root primarily describes foolishness, clumsiness, and lack of skill in actions. It extends to describe things that are unstable or unmanageable, such as sand or wind, and can also refer to abundance, particularly of rain or fat.

This root primarily concerns a specific role or position within Christian monastic or ecclesiastical structures, particularly in the context of the Arabian Peninsula. It refers to an appointed guardian or caretaker of religious sites and their associated properties.

This root primarily relates to obedience and submission, particularly in a religious or formal context. It also touches upon concepts of authority and position within established hierarchies.

This root primarily concerns intense emotional states, particularly grief, longing, and distraction stemming from loss or separation. It describes a state of being overwhelmed, often to the point of losing one's senses, due to profound sadness, fear, or even extreme joy.

This root primarily concerns intense longing, grief, and distress, particularly a mother's sorrow for her child. It extends to concepts of being lost, confused, or driven to distraction, and can also refer to strong winds or specific geographical locations.

This root primarily describes intense heat, particularly of the daytime. It also extends to the concept of melting or dissolving due to such heat.

This root primarily describes sounds, particularly vocalizations associated with distress, excitement, or specific animal calls. It extends to describe characteristics of animals and people related to such vocalizations or energetic states.

This root primarily concerns expressions of encouragement, urging, and exclamation. It includes interjections used to incite action, express admiration, or convey longing and regret.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering, coming together, and becoming submissive or obedient. It can describe animals congregating, opponents yielding, or matters becoming settled and complete.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of obedience, submission, and yielding, particularly in the context of humans or animals responding to commands or authority. It also extends to understanding and comprehension.

This root primarily concerns the vocative call used to summon camels, often represented by onomatopoeic sounds like 'yah yah' or 'yah yay'. It also extends to the act of calling or summoning in general, and the sounds associated with such calls, including the response to them.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of preparation, readiness, and approach. It extends to meanings of facilitating, yielding, and approaching something beneficial. It also encompasses notions of steady progress, speed, and the act of paying tribute or tribute money.

This root primarily concerns the act of slandering, backbiting, or informing on someone, particularly to an authority figure. It also extends to the concept of spreading rumors or revealing someone's faults. A place name is also derived from this root.

This root appears to be related to a specific vocalization or sound used to direct a ram for mating. It is a very limited entry, focusing on a single term and its application.

This root primarily relates to the concept of life, living, and reviving. It encompasses being alive, causing something to live, and the state of life itself. It can also refer to sustenance and the means by which life is maintained.

This root primarily concerns the concept of harm, annoyance, and causing distress. It encompasses various forms of causing discomfort, being bothered, and the resulting negative impact on individuals or things. The root also extends to describe things that cause harm, such as physical irritants or even waves.

This root primarily concerns healing, treatment, and medicine, but also extends to concepts of sorrow, grief, and consolation. It also encompasses ideas of making amends, reconciliation, and setting an example or standard.

This root primarily relates to fabrication, compulsion, and specific geographical locations. It also touches upon the healing of bones and the description of palm trees and mountains.

This root primarily concerns concepts of gravity, steadiness, reason, and intellect. It also extends to a specific type of food and a bird's name.

This root primarily concerns stagnant water, specifically a pool or pond formed by a flood or other source. It also extends to the concept of returning or reverting, particularly in relation to water bodies affected by wind.

This root appears to relate to a type of plant or vegetation. It is discussed in the context of a specific plant and its plural form, with some debate about its etymological correctness.

This root primarily concerns phenomena related to clouds and light rain. It describes detached pieces of clouds and a type of weak, drizzling rain.

This root appears to primarily relate to specific types of trees and, in a less common usage, to a state of reluctant acceptance or aversion to food and drink due to illness. The connection between these meanings is not immediately clear and may represent distinct semantic developments.

This root relates to securing or strengthening something, particularly in the context of financial transactions or containers. It signifies making a debt secure through witnesses or ensuring a waterskin is tightly sealed.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of falling short, being remiss, or failing to exert effort. It also extends to meanings of being slow, unable, or even striving and exerting oneself, highlighting a semantic range that includes both deficiency and intense effort. Additionally, it encompasses the meaning of swearing an oath.

This root primarily concerns the concept of time, specifically reaching a designated point or maturity. It extends to the idea of ripeness, readiness, and the appropriate moment for something to occur. It also encompasses notions of slowness, delay, patience, and deliberation.

This root pertains to the sound of laughter, specifically an onomatopoeic representation of it. It is primarily used to describe the vocalization associated with amusement.

This root primarily concerns the concept of returning, coming back, or seeking refuge. It extends to sheltering, gathering, and compassionately feeling for someone. It also encompasses the idea of joining together and, in a broader sense, includes particles of conjunction, doubt, and choice.