Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)
5,612 root entries translated · page 37 of 113
- عذر26 lemmassihah_001801
The root عذر (ʿ-dh-r) primarily relates to excuses, apologies, and justifications. It extends to concepts of blame, fault, and even physical ailments or bodily characteristics. The root also encompasses notions of virginity, the passage of time, and the marking of animals.
اِعْتَذَرَ — he apologized for the sinعُذْر — he excused him for his actionعَذِير — excuserعُذْرَة — sore throatعَذْرَاء — virgin - عذفر4 lemmassihah_001802
This root appears to relate to concepts of greatness, strength, and intensity, particularly when describing animals like camels and lions. It can also be used as a proper name.
عَذَافِر — great, strongعَذَافِرَة — great, strongعَذَافِر — name of a manعَذَافِر — lion - عرر42 lemmassihah_001803
This root primarily deals with concepts of disease, affliction, and impurity, particularly skin ailments like scabies. It extends to meanings of dirtiness, unpleasantness, and moral failings. Additionally, it encompasses terms for specific plants, animal sounds, and place names.
العَرّ — scabiesعَرَتْ — to have scabiesعَارَة — scabbyأَعَرّ — scabbyعَار — The horse broke loose and went here and there from its liveliness. - عزر6 lemmassihah_001804
The root ع-ز-ر primarily relates to concepts of honor, respect, and support, often involving a degree of restraint or discipline. It extends to meanings of admonishment, protection, and even a specific type of punishment.
التَعْزِير — respect and venerationعَزَرْتُ — to admonish, restrainأَوْقَرْتُهُ — to load, burdenالعَيْزَار — a type of treeأبو العَيْزَار — nickname for a bird - عسر18 lemmassihah_001805
The root عسر (ʿusr) primarily denotes difficulty, hardship, and the opposite of ease. It extends to concepts of being difficult, causing difficulty, and situations or actions that are arduous or inconvenient. It also has specific applications related to left-handedness and animal behavior.
العُسْر — with a sukoon on the seen and with a damma on it, the opposite of easeعَسُرَ — The matter became difficult, so it is difficult.عَسِرَ — The matter became difficult, so it is difficult.عَسَر — The matter became difficult, so it is difficult.عَسِير — difficult - عسبر3 lemmassihah_001806
This root appears to relate to specific animal offspring, particularly hybrids or young of wild animals. It also seems to have connections to strength or fierceness, possibly derived from the animalistic meanings.
العَسْبَارَة — hybrid offspringالعَسْبَر — hybrid offspringالفُرَعْل — hyena cub - عسجر2 lemmassihah_001807
This root appears to relate to concepts of hardness, firmness, and strength, particularly when describing camels. It may also extend to descriptions of robust or sturdy objects.
العَيْسَجُور — Hardy she-camelعَسْجَرٌ — Hardy, strong - عسكر5 lemmassihah_001808
This root primarily relates to military forces and encampments. It extends to concepts of hardship and a place of gathering or stationing.
العَسْكَر — The army.العَسْكَرَة — hardshipعَسْكَرَ — The man encamped, so he is encamping (with kasra on the kāf): meaning he prepared the army.مُعَسْكِر — The place of the army (with fatḥa on the kāf).المُعَسْكَر — camp - عشر27 lemmassihah_001809
This root primarily concerns the number ten and related concepts. It extends to terms for multiples of ten, fractions of ten, and the tenth part. It also encompasses social relationships like companionship and tribal affiliation, as well as specific flora and fauna associated with the number.
عَشَرَة — Ten men (with fatḥa on the shīn).أَحَدَ عَشَرَ — elevenاثْنَا عَشَرَ — twelveعِشْرُونَ — twentyعُشْر — Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn). - عشزر4 lemmassihah_001810
This root appears to describe something intense, strong, or excessive, particularly in the context of physical attributes or actions. It is used to denote a strong or severe quality, often related to physical exertion or capacity.
العشنزر — Intense, strongعشنزر — Intense, strongعشنزرة — Intense, strong (feminine)جواعر — Abdomen, belly - عصر35 lemmassihah_001811
The root 'عصر' primarily relates to the concept of time, encompassing periods like days, nights, and ages. It also extends to meanings of pressing, extracting, and seeking refuge, with derived terms appearing in various contexts from physical actions to abstract concepts and even proper names.
العَصْر — Time, ageعَصْر — time, ageعُصُر — time, ageالعُصُور — Ages, erasالعَصْرَان — night and day - عصفر8 lemmassihah_001812
This root primarily relates to the color yellow or saffron, and by extension, things that are yellow or dyed with saffron. It also extends to specific objects and creatures that share this characteristic or are named after it, such as a type of bird, anatomical features, and parts of a saddle.
العصفر — Saffron dyeعصفّر — dyeتعصفر — it became dyed with safflowerالعصفور — Birdعصفورة — the female - عطر11 lemmassihah_001813
This root primarily concerns pleasant fragrances and perfumes, both natural and applied. It extends to describe people who use perfume frequently and, metaphorically, to describe animals or objects that are fine or well-adorned.
العِطْر — Perfume, fragranceعَطِرَ — perfume, fragranceتَعَطَّرَ — To apply perfumeعِطْرًا — Perfuming, scentingعَطِرَة — meaning: perfumed - عفر24 lemmassihah_001814
The root 'عفر' primarily relates to dust, earth, and the color associated with it. It extends to concepts of smearing, rubbing, and covering with dust, as well as dryness and paleness. It also encompasses terms for specific animals, plants, and abstract qualities like cunning and strength.
العَفَرُ — dustعَفَرَ — dust, earthعَفَّرَ — dust, earthتَعْفِير — meaning: he rolled itعَنْ عَفَرٍ — after a month - عقر36 lemmassihah_001815
The root عقر primarily relates to wounding, striking, or damaging, often to the point of incapacitation or destruction. It extends to concepts of infertility, immobility, and the core or origin of things, including land and abstract concepts.
عَقَرَهُ — he wounded himعَقِيرٌ — woundedعَقْرَى — plural of 'aqir (wounded)كَلْبٌ عَقُورٌ — vicious dogالتَّعْقِيرُ — wounding (intensive) - عقفر2 lemmassihah_001816
This root appears to relate to concepts of destruction, ruin, and overwhelming calamity. It is used to describe severe misfortunes that lead to a person's demise.
العنقفير — calamityعقفرته — destroyed him - عكر13 lemmassihah_001817
The root عكر primarily relates to concepts of mixing, turbidity, and returning to an origin or base. It encompasses physical states like cloudy liquids and figurative states like confusion or a return to bad habits. It also extends to the idea of a large group or herd, and a place of origin.
عَكَرَ — the thought, like 'the strike': the returnعَكْرًا — turbidityالعَكَرَة — herd of camelsعَكَّرَ — the thought, like 'the strike': the returnتَعْكِيرًا — making turbid - عمر27 lemmassihah_001818
This root primarily concerns the concept of life, longevity, and existence. It extends to terms related to habitation, sustenance, and the act of visiting or inhabiting. It also encompasses names and specific historical or tribal designations.
عَمَرَ — the man lived, from the category of 'fahima'عُمْر — the man lived, from the category of 'fahima'عُمُر — the man lived, from the category of 'fahima'عَمْر — the man lived, from the category of 'fahima'عَمْرُ اللهِ — By God! - عنبر3 lemmassihah_001819
The root 'anbara (عنبر) primarily relates to ambergris, a fragrant substance from the sperm whale. It also refers to a specific Arab tribe and its descendants, highlighting a genealogical connection.
عَنْبَر — ambergrisالعنبر — A type of perfume/fragrance (ambergris).بلعنبر — Banu Al-Anbar - عنتر2 lemmassihah_001820
This root primarily relates to a specific type of fly and also serves as a proper name, notably for the famous pre-Islamic poet Antarah ibn Shaddad.
العَنْتَر — bluebottle flyعَنْتَرَة — name of a man - عور0 lemmassihah_001821
- عهر9 lemmassihah_001822
This root primarily concerns illicit sexual relations, specifically adultery and fornication. It also extends to describing someone who engages in such acts, or a general state of wickedness and depravity.
العَهْر — Adultery/fornication.عَهَرَ — He committed adultery/fornication.عَاهِر — fornicatorالعَاهِر — the stone (of disgrace)العَهْر — Adultery/fornication. - عير0 lemmassihah_001823
- غبر20 lemmassihah_001824
The root غبر (gh-b-r) primarily relates to dust, residue, and things that remain or persist. It encompasses concepts of dust itself, the color of dust, things that are dusty or faded, and by extension, remnants of various kinds like leftover milk, menstrual blood, or the end of the night. It also extends to the idea of something lasting or remaining, including past events or people who have passed.
الغبار — and al-ghabara with two fathas are oneالغبرة — the color of al-aghbar, which is similar to dustاغبر — the thing became dustyاغبرارا — becoming dustyالغبراء — the earth - غثر9 lemmassihah_001825
This root primarily relates to a dusty, grayish-green color, often associated with dirt or algae. It also extends to describe people of low social standing and a sticky, sweet substance with an unpleasant odor.
الأَغْثَر — Dusty, grayish-greenأَغْثَر — Lowly personطُحْلُب — the green growth that covers water (algae)الغَثْرَة — Grayish-green colorالغَثْرَاء — Lowly people - غثمر1 lemmasihah_001826
This root appears to describe coarse, rough, or low-quality materials, particularly in textiles. It also extends to the idea of something being cheap or readily available, perhaps due to its poor quality.
مِغْثَمَر — coarse, rough cloth - غدر14 lemmassihah_001827
The root غدر primarily concerns betrayal, treachery, and breaking faith. It extends to concepts of abandonment, darkness, and even specific geographical or physical features.
الغَدْر — abandoning loyaltyغَدَرَ — also on the pattern of 'umarغَادِر — so he is a betrayerغَدْر — also on the pattern of 'umarغَدْرَة — Dark night - غذمر9 lemmassihah_001828
This root primarily relates to intense emotions like anger and aggression, often expressed through loud noises such as shouting, roaring, or yelling. It also extends to concepts of leadership, arbitrary rule, and specific commercial transactions.
الْغَذْمَرَة — Anger and clamorتَغَذْمَرَ — To roar or shoutتَغَذْمُر — Roaring and clamorذُو غَذَامِير — Full of noise and angerمُغَذْمِر — Ruler by decree - غرر0 lemmassihah_001829
- غزر9 lemmassihah_001830
This root primarily concerns the concept of abundance, particularly in relation to milk production. It extends to general plenty and the act of increasing or causing abundance.
الغزارة — abundance, plentyغزر — to be abundantغزر — to have much milkغزير — abundant, plentifulغزارة — abundance (of milk) - غشمر5 lemmassihah_001831
This root primarily relates to acting without careful consideration or haste. It also extends to concepts of overwhelming force, anger, and the impetuous movement of natural phenomena like floods.
الغُشْمُرَة — Haste; acting without deliberationغَشْمَرَ — To act hastilyغَشْمَرَ — To flood; to surgeتَغَشْمَرَ — To seize forcefullyمُتَغَشْمِر — Angry; enraged - غضر13 lemmassihah_001832
This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, prosperity, and well-being, often associated with fertile land and good living conditions. It also extends to meanings of deviation, restraint, and specific geographical or tribal names.
الغضار — Clayالغضارة — Prosperityمغضورون — Prosperousغضرهم — To make prosperousغضارة — Abundance - غضفر2 lemmassihah_001833
This root primarily relates to the lion, describing its ferocity and powerful build. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a person with a strong, imposing physique and a fierce disposition.
الغَضَنْفَر — the lionغَضَنْفَر — Fierce of build - غفر26 lemmassihah_001834
The root غفر primarily relates to covering, concealing, and forgiving. It extends to meanings of protection, absorption, and even specific natural phenomena like star clusters or plant down. It also encompasses the concept of forgiveness of sins and the idea of a large gathering.
الغفر — coveringغفر — with two dammahs (plural of غفور)أغفر — more tolerant ofالغفر — coveringغفر — with two dammahs (plural of غفور) - غمر34 lemmassihah_001835
The root غمر (gh-m-r) primarily relates to the concept of being covered, submerged, or overwhelmed. This extends to meanings of abundance, intensity, and vastness, particularly concerning water. It also encompasses notions of inexperience, generosity, and intense emotions or actions.
الغمر — the abundant, the muchغمر — with a fatḥa on the mīm, like 'nawba' and 'nūb' (plural of غمرة)غمره — the water covered him, i.e., rose above himيغمره — It covers himغمر الخلق — Generous - غور8 lemmassihah_001836
This root primarily concerns the concept of depth, lowness, and the interior of things. It extends to geographical locations characterized by low-lying terrain or being far inland, and also refers to natural hollows or caves.
غَوْر — the bottom of everythingغَوْر — the bottom of everythingغَوْر — the bottom of everythingغَائِر — deepغَار — like a cave in the mountain - غير26 lemmassihah_001837
This root primarily concerns the concepts of providing, benefiting, and sustenance, often through rain or provisions. It also extends to meanings of change, difference, opposition, and exclusion.
غَارَ — like a cave in the mountainيُغِيرُ — he provides provisionsغَيَّرَ — the thing: remainedتَغَيَّرَ — to changeغَيَارًا — provisioning - فءر6 lemmassihah_001838
This root primarily relates to mice and the concept of a pleasant fragrance, particularly associated with animals or plants. It extends to describe places infested with mice and a specific type of pleasant scent emanating from camels.
الفَأْر — mouseفَأْرَة — so he is skillfulفَئِر — mouse-infestedمُفْأَرَة — abundant with miceفَوَارَة — Of the pot, with damma and without shadda: what boils from its heat. - فتر7 lemmassihah_001839
This root primarily concerns the concepts of weakening, slackening, and cooling. It extends to describe a period of inactivity or a lull, as well as a state of being lukewarm or languid. It can also refer to a physical gap or interval.
فَتَرَ — the heat and other things, from the باب دخل class of verbsفُتُور — coolingفَتْرَة — breakdown and weaknessفَتَّرَ — the heat and other things, from the باب دخل class of verbsمُفَتِّر — lukewarm - فتكر2 lemmassihah_001840
This root appears to relate to severe hardships and calamities. The primary usage cited is in a plural form referring to intense difficulties.
الفَتْكَرَيْنِ — calamitiesالفُتْكَرَيْنِ — calamities - فثر1 lemmasihah_001841
This root primarily relates to tables, specifically those made of stone or marble, and by extension, unity or agreement. It also appears to denote a place name.
الفاثور — Table (of stone) - فجر15 lemmassihah_001842
This root primarily concerns the act of breaking through, bursting forth, or splitting, often related to water or the dawn. It extends to concepts of moral corruption, falsehood, and specific historical events or places.
فَجَرَ — the water burst forth, meaning he made it gush forth, and it gushed forthانْفَجَرَ — to burst forth (water)تَفَجَّرَ — to burst forth repeatedlyالفَجْرَة — place where water emergesمَفَاجِرُ الوَادِي — riverbed outlets - فخر15 lemmassihah_001843
This root primarily concerns the concept of boasting, pride, and honor. It extends to related ideas of excelling, being superior, and possessing qualities that inspire such pride, including physical attributes of animals and objects.
فَخَرَ — he boasted (with both fatha vowels)فَخْر — he boasted (with both fatha vowels)اِفْتَخَرَ — he boasted alsoتَفَاخَرَ — the people boasted to each otherفَاخَرَ — to compete in boasting - فدر11 lemmassihah_001844
This root primarily relates to pieces or chunks, particularly of meat. It also extends to meanings of large or significant entities, such as large rocks or mature male mountain goats. Additionally, it encompasses terms for foolishness and a specific sexual behavior in male animals.
الفدرة — Piece of meatفدر — To be sexually arousedفدورا — Sexual arousalفادر — Sexually aroused maleفوادر — Sexually aroused males - فرر24 lemmassihah_001845
This root primarily concerns the concept of fleeing, escaping, or running away. It extends to related ideas like swiftness, agility, and even the act of showing one's teeth, either in a smile or when inspecting an animal.
فَرَّ — he fledيَفِرُّ — to fleeفَرَارًا — fleeingأَفَرَّ — to cause to fleeالفُرُور — bold woman - فزر9 lemmassihah_001846
The root 'فزر' primarily relates to concepts of groups, divisions, and physical characteristics like being wide or hunched. It encompasses terms for flocks of sheep, specific tribal lineages, and physical deformities.
الفَزَر — the tearing in the garmentالفَزَر — the tearing in the garmentالفَزَر — the tearing in the garmentتفَزَّرَ — To become tornفَزَرَ — he split the thing, from the باب نصر class of verbs - فسر7 lemmassihah_001847
This root primarily concerns the act of explaining, clarifying, and interpreting something. It extends to seeking clarification and, in a specialized sense, to a physician's examination of urine.
الفِسْر — the explanationفَسَرَ — to explainأَفْسِرُ — to explainفَسْرًا — Explanationالتَّفْسِير — the same (as al-fasr) - فطر20 lemmassihah_001848
The root فطر (f-ṭ-r) primarily relates to breaking, splitting, or opening, often in the context of breaking fast. It extends to concepts of creation, natural disposition, and the initial state of something before it matures or develops.
أفطرَ — the fasting person broke his fastالفِطْر — the noun is iftar (breaking of fast)فَطَّرَ — meaning they have broken their fastمُفْطِر — a man who has broken his fastمَفَاطِير — people who have broken their fast, like موسر (wealthy) and مياسير (wealthy, plural) - فغر6 lemmassihah_001849
This root primarily relates to the concept of opening, particularly the mouth, and by extension, the opening or blooming of flowers and the expansion of land. It also encompasses related concepts like swelling and a type of perfume.
فَغَرَ — to open (mouth)فَغَرَ — to open (flower)أَفْغَرَ — to rise high (star)انْفَغَرَ — to open wide (flower)فَاغِرَة — type of perfume - فقر12 lemmassihah_001850
This root primarily concerns the spine, specifically the vertebrae, and by extension, things that are broken or weakened. It extends to concepts of poverty, destitution, and hardship, as well as specific tools and actions related to animal training and excavation.
الفَقَارَة — vertebraذو الفَقَار — The name of the sword of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.الفَقْرَة — vertebraفَقْر — povertyفَقِير — poor