Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the act of thinking, contemplation, and reflection. It encompasses the process of pondering, considering, and the resulting thoughts or ideas. It can also extend to the concept of need or concern regarding a matter.

This root primarily relates to the concept of boiling, surging, or erupting, often associated with heat, anger, or sudden action. It also extends to meanings of immediacy, intensity, and specific objects or locations.

This root primarily relates to stones, particularly those held in the hand, and by extension, to places of worship or gathering. It also extends to concepts of exhaustion and abundance, and a specific sexual act.

This root primarily concerns the concept of burial, graves, and tombs. It extends to related terms like cemeteries and the act of burying, as well as a specific type of bird.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of garment, possibly with a particular texture or origin. The primary derived term refers to this type of clothing.

This root describes something that is large, great, and strong in its creation or form. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote immense size and power.

This root primarily concerns concepts of dust, obscurity, narrowness, and scarcity. It extends to meanings related to preparation for conflict, specific types of weaponry, and the smell of cooking or incense. It also encompasses terms for a type of snake and a specific way of riding a camel.

This root primarily describes extreme old age and advanced maturity, particularly in humans and camels. It denotes a state of being aged, worn out, and venerable.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of measure, estimation, decree, and ability. It encompasses the divine decree, the capacity to do something, and the act of measuring or estimating.

This root primarily concerns concepts of dirtiness, impurity, and aversion. It extends to describe things or people that are repulsive, disliked, or avoided due to their unpleasant nature or character.

This root appears to describe a state of being agitated, puffed up, or ready for conflict, often with a connotation of wildness or aggression. It is associated with a tense, angry demeanor.

The root قرر (q-r-r) primarily relates to the concept of settling, stability, and rest. It encompasses ideas of being fixed in place, calmness, and permanence. Derived meanings extend to coolness, agreement, and the act of confirming or establishing something.

The root قسر primarily relates to compulsion, force, and coercion. It extends to describe large camels, an old man, a type of plant, and a lion, with one place name also derived from it.

This root primarily concerns the act of peeling, stripping, or removing an outer layer from something. It extends to describe the outer covering itself, as well as metaphorical applications related to appearance, harshness, and misfortune.

This root primarily relates to roughness, coarseness, and thickness, particularly in the context of sticks or branches. It can also extend to describe something robust or sturdy.

This root primarily describes the physical sensation of goosebumps or shivering, often associated with fear, cold, or excitement. It also extends to the feeling of awe or dread that accompanies such physical reactions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dripping, falling, or flowing, often associated with liquids like rain or water. It also extends to meanings of direction, territory, and specific substances or objects, including copper, incense, and camel trains.

This root appears to relate to the thin covering or membrane found on the kernel of a date pit. It specifically describes the delicate layer surrounding the seed within the pit, from which the palm tree sprouts.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of intensity, severity, and being gathered or compressed. It describes harsh days, contracted states, and objects used for containment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of depth, particularly the bottom or lowest part of something like a well or container. It extends to actions related to reaching or creating depth, and metaphorically to affectation or pretentiousness in speech.

This root describes something large, strong, and imposing, particularly in reference to animals like camels. It conveys a sense of bulkiness and robustness.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being short, low, or stooped, particularly in a physical sense. It describes a posture of being brought down towards the ground.

The root قفر primarily relates to emptiness, desolation, and lack of sustenance. It describes barren lands, lack of food or provisions, and by extension, a state of being lean or empty-handed. It can also refer to following or tracking something.

This root appears to describe physical size and stature, specifically referring to a person who is large or bulky in build. It may also relate to a specific type of large, robust object or creature.

This root appears to be related to ugliness and unpleasant appearance. The primary derived term describes something or someone as unsightly or repulsive.

The root قمر (qamar) primarily relates to the moon and its light. It extends to concepts of brightness, blindness due to snow, damage to water skins, and gambling. Derived terms also describe specific times, actions, and attributes associated with these meanings.

This root appears to be related to archery and bows, possibly with a Persian origin. The primary derived term refers to a bow, with a poetic example illustrating its use.

This root appears to describe something large-headed or stout. It can also refer to something fierce, difficult, or stubborn.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting or shaping something into a round form. It extends to meanings of great difficulties or calamities, and also describes physical attributes like a wide space, a shrunken or lean body, and geographical features like hills.

This root primarily deals with the concept of overcoming, conquering, or overpowering someone or something. It extends to the state of being overcome, forced, or subdued. It also encompasses related ideas like regression and the hardening of substances.

This root primarily concerns the substance of pitch or bitumen, and the act of applying it. It extends to related concepts like coating and waterproofing, particularly in the context of ships.

The root كبر (k-b-r) primarily deals with the concepts of age, greatness, and size. It encompasses growing old, being large or significant, and the abstract notions of grandeur and arrogance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a hump, specifically a camel's hump, and by extension, structures resembling a hump or dome. It also appears to have a rare usage referring to a specific type of structure.

This root primarily concerns the concept of abundance, multitude, and being plentiful, in contrast to scarcity. It extends to concepts of wealth, superiority through numbers, and even specific terms for abundant things like dates or a river in paradise.

The root كدر (k-d-r) primarily relates to turbidity, cloudiness, and impurity, extending to concepts of dullness, distress, and rapid descent. It describes the state of water, color, and even emotional or material well-being.

The root كرر (k-r-r) primarily relates to repetition, returning, and cyclical movement. It extends to concepts of binding, gathering, and even specific sounds or actions associated with these ideas, such as the sound of choking or the act of pushing and repelling.

This root primarily relates to the herb coriander, its seeds, and its cultivation. It also encompasses related concepts like pungency or spiciness, though these are less common.

The root كسر (kasara) primarily denotes the act of breaking, shattering, or fracturing something. It extends to concepts of fragmentation, damage, and even specific anatomical parts or geographical features. The root also encompasses derived meanings related to the Persian title 'Kisra' and descriptive terms for character or land.

This root primarily describes the baring of teeth, often associated with animals like camels or humans. It encompasses expressions related to smiling, grimacing, or revealing teeth in various states.

This root appears to relate to parts of a bow and the chest area. It describes specific components of a bow and a region between the collarbones.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fatness, particularly in the hump of a camel or the back of an animal. It also extends to describing large or stout animals.

This root primarily relates to the concept of lumps, knots, or rounded protuberances. It extends to describe a specific part of food, the joints of bones, and metaphorically, the act of cutting or severing.

The root كفر (k-f-r) primarily relates to disbelief, denial, and ingratitude, contrasting with faith and thankfulness. It also extends to meanings of covering, concealing, and hiding, which then branches into related concepts like darkness, night, and even the sea. Further derivations touch upon villages, graves, and the act of covering seeds or armor.

This root describes a state of being dark, grim, or severe, often associated with facial expressions, complexion, or weather phenomena like clouds. It conveys a sense of harshness, displeasure, or foreboding.

This root appears to describe a short, stout stature or gait, possibly with a slight inward turning of the feet. It also relates to the concept of being short or stunted.

This root primarily pertains to the quince fruit and its singular form. It is a simple root with limited derived terms.

The root 'كور' primarily relates to the concept of rolling, gathering, or coiling things together. This extends to meanings of wrapping, folding, and forming into a ball or mass. It also encompasses related ideas like a collection, a bundle, and by extension, a city or a large group.

The root كهر (k-h-r) primarily relates to the intensity and height of something, particularly daylight. It also encompasses the meaning of harshness or reprimand, often in the context of speaking or treating someone.