عشر

Root entry · 27 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the number ten and related concepts. It extends to terms for multiples of ten, fractions of ten, and the tenth part. It also encompasses social relationships like companionship and tribal affiliation, as well as specific flora and fauna associated with the number.

Derived headwords

عَشَرَةnoun

1.
Ten men (with fatḥa on the shīn).both
Ten men (with fatḥa on the shīn).

عشرة رجال — ten men

عشر نسوة — ten women

أَحَدَ عَشَرَname

1.
elevenboth
The cardinal number eleven.

أحد عشر — eleven

اثْنَا عَشَرَname

1.
twelveboth
The cardinal number twelve.

اثنى عشر — twelve

عِشْرُونَnoun

1.
twentyboth
The cardinal number twenty. It is a distinct noun, not a plural of 'ten'.

عشرون — twenty

عُشْرnoun

1.
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).both
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).
2.
He took a tenth of their wealth.both
He took a tenth of their wealth.
3.
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.both
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.

معشار الشئ — a tenth of something

العشر بالكسر: ما بين الوردين — The 'al-'ashr' (with kasra) is the period between watering cycles.

عَشِيرnoun

1.
the companionboth
the companion
2.
the husbandboth
the husband

العشير: المعاشر — The 'al-'ashīr' is the one who lives with another.

وتكفرن العشير — and deny the husband

أَعْشِرَاءnoun

1.
groups of tenclassical
Plural of 'ʿashīr', referring to groups or portions, often related to livelihood.

تسعة أعشراء الرزق في التجارة — Nine tenths of livelihood are in trade.

مِعْشَارnoun

1.
A tenth of a thing.both
A tenth of a thing.
2.
the tenth partboth
the tenth part

معشار الشئ — a tenth of something

عَشَّرَverb

1.
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).both
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).
2.
He took a tenth of their wealth.both
He took a tenth of their wealth.
3.
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.both
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.

عشرت القوم أعشرهم، بالضم عشرا مضمومة — I took a tenth of the people's property, with a damma on the 'ayn and 'shīn'.

عَاشِرadjective

1.
tenthboth
Ordinal number, the tenth.

العاشر — the tenth

عَشَّرَverb

1.
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).both
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).
2.
He took a tenth of their wealth.both
He took a tenth of their wealth.
3.
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.both
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.

عشرت قوم أعشرهم، بالكسر عشرا بالفتح — I became the tenth of the people, with a kasra on the 'ayn and a fatha on the 'shīn'.

أَعْشَرَverb

1.
The people became ten.both
The people became ten.

أعشر الرجل، إذا وردت إبله عشرا — The man's camels became 'mu'ashshir' when they reached the tenth day of watering.

أعشر القوم: صاروا عشرة — The people became ten.

مُعَاشَرَةnoun

1.
companionshipboth
Living together, association, or companionship.

المعاشرة: المخالطة — Companionship is mixing with others.

تَعَاشُرnoun

1.
companionshipboth
Mutual living together, association, or companionship.

وكذلك التعاشر — and likewise companionship.

عَشَّارnoun

1.
derived from ten by tenboth
derived from ten by ten
2.
ten by tenboth
ten by ten
3.
plural of 'ashrāʾ, like fuqahāʾboth
plural of 'ashrāʾ, like fuqahāʾ
4.
it is the she-camel that has been pregnant for ten monthsboth
it is the she-camel that has been pregnant for ten months

ومننه العاشر والعشار — And from it are the tenth and the tax collector.

عُشَارnoun

1.
derived from ten by tenboth
derived from ten by ten
2.
ten by tenboth
ten by ten
3.
plural of 'ashrāʾ, like fuqahāʾboth
plural of 'ashrāʾ, like fuqahāʾ
4.
it is the she-camel that has been pregnant for ten monthsboth
it is the she-camel that has been pregnant for ten months

والعشار، بالكسر: جمع عشرا، وهى الناقة التى أتت عليها من يوم أرسل فيها الفحل عشرة أشهر — And 'al-'ushār' (with kasra) is the plural of 'ushrā', referring to a she-camel ten months pregnant.

عَشَّرَverb

1.
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).both
Ten women (with sukūn on the shīn).
2.
He took a tenth of their wealth.both
He took a tenth of their wealth.
3.
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.both
From the chapter of 'ḍaraba': he became their tenth.

وقد عشرت الناقة تعشيرا — And the she-camel became pregnant for ten months.

عُشَرَاءnoun

1.
a she-camel whose pregnancy has lasted ten monthsboth
a she-camel whose pregnancy has lasted ten months

ناقتان عشراوان — Two she-camels in their tenth month of pregnancy.

عَشَرَاتnoun

1.
tensboth
Plural of 'ten', referring to groups of ten or multiples of ten.

عشرات — tens

عَشُورَاءname

1.
Ashuraboth
The tenth day of Muharram, a significant day in Islamic tradition.

يوم عاشوراء — the day of Ashura

مَعْشَرnoun

1.
group of peopleboth
A group, assembly, or community of people.

المعاشر: جماعات الناس — The 'al-ma'āshir' are groups of people.

عَشِيرَةnoun

1.
the tribeboth
the tribe

العشيرة: القبيلة — The 'al-'ashīrah' is the tribe.

سعد العشيرة — Sa'd al-'Ashīrah (a tribe from Yemen).

عُشَارadjective

1.
derived from ten by tenboth
derived from ten by ten
2.
ten by tenboth
ten by ten
3.
plural of 'ashrāʾ, like fuqahāʾboth
plural of 'ashrāʾ, like fuqahāʾ
4.
it is the she-camel that has been pregnant for ten monthsboth
it is the she-camel that has been pregnant for ten months

جاء القوم عشار عشار — The people came in groups of ten.

عُشَارِيّadjective

1.
ten cubits longclassical
Measuring ten cubits in length.

والعشاري: ما يقع طوله عشرة أذرع — And 'al-'ushārī' is that whose length is ten cubits.

تَعْشِيرnoun

1.
braying ten timesclassical
The braying of a donkey ten times in one go.
2.
placing tenthsclassical
The act of placing tenths, possibly in manuscripts.

تعشير الحمار: نهيقه عشرة أصوات في طلق واحد — The 'ta'shīr' of a donkey is its braying ten times in one go.

تعشير المصاحف: جعل العواشر فيها — 'Ta'shīr' of Qur'ans is placing the tenths in them.

أَعْشَارnoun

1.
parts of a carcassclassical
Portions or shares of a slaughtered animal, especially a camel.
2.
flight feathersclassical
The primary flight feathers of a bird.

أعشار الجزور: الأنصباء — The 'a'shār' of a camel are the shares.

والأعشار: قوادم ريش الطائر — And 'al-a'shār' are the primary flight feathers of a bird.

تَعْشَارname

1.
a place nameclassical
A place name mentioned in poetry.

بتعشار مرعاها قسا فصرائمه — at Ta'shār, its pasture is rough and its enclosures.

Parallel reading

ومن العرب من يسكن العين فيقول: أحد عشر، وكذلك إلى تسعة عشر، إلا اثنى عشر فإن العين لا تسكن لسكون الالف والياء.

And among the Arabs are those who make the 'ayn sakin (vowel-less) and say: 'aḥada 'ashar', and likewise up to 'tis'ata 'ashar', except for 'ithnā 'ashar' for which the 'ayn is not made sakin due to the sakin alif and ya.

والكسر لأهل نجد، والتسكين لأهل الحجاز.

And the kasra is for the people of Najd, and the sakin is for the people of Hijaz.

والاسم العشرة.

And the noun is 'al-'asharah'.

والعشر بالكسر: ما بين الوردين، وهو ثمانية أيام، لأنها ترد اليوم العاشر.

And 'al-'ashr' (with kasra) is the period between watering cycles, which is eight days, because they return on the tenth day.

فإذا وردت يوم العشرين قيل: ظمؤها عشران، وهو ثمانية عشر يوما.

And when they return on the twentieth day, it is said: their thirst is 'ishrān', which is eighteen days.

والمعاشرة: المخالطة، وكذلك التعاشر.

And 'al-mu'āsharah' is mixing, and likewise 'al-ta'āshur'.

وهو من العضاه، وثمرته نفاخة كنفاخة القتاد الاصفر.

It is from the thorny trees, and its fruit is a bladder like the yellow Qatād bladder.

ويقال أيضا لثلاث ليال من ليالى الشهر: عشر، وهى بعد التسع.

And it is also said for three nights of the month: 'ashr', which are after the ninth.

يوم عاشوراء وعشوراء أيضا، ممدوان، والمعاشر: جماعات الناس، الواحد معشر.

The day of 'Āshūrā' and 'Ushūrā' also, both are lengthened, and 'al-ma'āshir' are groups of people, the singular is 'ma'shar'.

والعشيرة: القبيلة.

And 'al-'ashīrah' is the tribe.

وفي الحديث: " إنكن تكثرن اللعن وتكفرن العشير " يعني الزوج، لأنه يعاشرها وتعاشره.

And in the Hadith: 'You women increase cursing and deny the husband', meaning the husband, because he lives with her and she lives with him.

تقول: جاء القوم عشار عشار، أي عشرة عشرة.

You say: the people came 'ushār 'ushār', meaning ten by ten.

والعشار، بالكسر: جمع عشرا، وهى الناقة التى أتت عليها من يوم أرسل فيها الفحل عشرة أشهر وزال عنها اسم المخاض، ثم لا يزال ذلك اسمها حتى تضع وبعد ما تضع أيضا.

And 'al-'ushār', with kasra: is the plural of 'ushrā', which is the she-camel that has been ten months since the stallion covered her and the name 'makhāḍ' (early pregnancy) has left her, and it remains her name until she gives birth and even after she gives birth.

وقد عشرت الناقة تعشيرا، أي صارت عشراء.

And the she-camel became 'mu'ashshirah' (pregnant for ten months), meaning she became 'ushrā'.

وتعشير الحمار: نهيقه عشرة أصوات في طلق واحد.

And the 'ta'shīr' of a donkey is its braying ten times in one go.

وأعشار الجزور: الأنصباء.

And the 'a'shār' of a camel are the shares.

وبرمة أعشار، إذا انكسرت قطعا قطعا.

And a pot of 'a'shār', if it breaks into pieces.

والأعشار: قوادم ريش الطائر.

And 'al-a'shār' are the primary flight feathers of a bird.