Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily relates to covering, enclosing, or shutting, often with a sense of being hidden or protected. It extends to terms for garments worn underneath other clothing, and also to geographical features like enclosed spaces or valleys.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hastening, rushing, or approaching quickly. It is used to describe both a person's hurried actions and the imminent arrival of a journey or event.

This root pertains to the concept of confirmation, affirmation, and strengthening. It signifies making something certain, solid, or emphatic, often through repetition or strong assertion.

This root primarily relates to the concept of an end, limit, or goal. It also extends to encompass anger and a specific geographical location.

This root primarily concerns the concept of bending, inclining, or becoming crooked. It also extends to the meaning of being burdened or weighed down by something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of strength, power, and firmness. It extends to the act of strengthening, being strengthened, and also refers to physical manifestations of power or support structures.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of settling, residing, and deeply understanding or knowing something. It extends to terms for specific garments and a famous epithet.

This root appears to describe women who are well-formed, complete, and robust in their physical build, particularly in their legs and ankles. It emphasizes a sense of fullness and strength in their lower limbs.

The root 'بدد' primarily relates to the concept of separation, scattering, and dispersion. It extends to meanings of individual distribution, strength, and even physical attributes like the spacing of limbs or the structure of saddles. It also encompasses notions of confrontation and individual combat.

This root primarily concerns the concept of coldness and its opposite, heat. It extends to related ideas such as coolness, chilling, and the sensation of being cold. It also encompasses derived meanings like death, sleep, and specific objects or conditions associated with cold.

This root primarily relates to thick, coarse coverings or blankets, often used for warmth or protection. It can also extend to describe something that is sturdy or substantial.

This root primarily concerns the concept of distance, remoteness, and separation, both physically and metaphorically. It encompasses the state of being far, the act of causing distance, and the plural of those who cause separation.

This root primarily concerns concepts of staying in a place, slowness, dullness, and the earth or land. It also extends to descriptions of physical attributes like broadness and robustness, and specific geographical or astronomical terms.

This root primarily relates to banners, flags, and standards, often of Persian origin. It encompasses the physical object itself, as well as its symbolic representation in warfare and poetry.

This root primarily relates to concepts of perishing, destruction, and desolation. It also encompasses terms for a barren desert and a specific type of female donkey. Additionally, it includes a particle used to express contrast or exception.

This root appears to relate to the concept of coriander, its preparation, and potentially its scent or flavor. The primary derived term directly refers to the herb itself.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being born or originating in a place, especially concerning property, livestock, or lineage. It extends to the idea of something being old, established, or indigenous, as opposed to newly acquired or foreign.

This root primarily relates to cold, dew, and a state of being chilled or frozen. It also extends to describe a place or person affected by cold, and a specific type of female slave.

This root primarily concerns the concept of breaking, shattering, or crushing. It extends to related ideas like the resulting fragmentation, a specific method of slaughtering, and even a physical condition of chapped lips.

This root primarily describes a state of being tender, soft, and fresh, particularly in relation to fruits like dates. It can also refer to something that is yielding or pliable.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a small, insufficient, or depleted amount of water. It extends to the idea of depletion or exhaustion in general, whether of resources, physical strength, or even sexual fluids. It also includes a specific tribal name and a type of kohl.

This root pertains to descriptions of young people, specifically boys and girls, who are well-developed and approaching puberty. It emphasizes a state of physical maturity and completeness in form.

This root appears to be primarily a proper noun referring to a specific location. Its usage is limited to geographical names, particularly in classical poetry.

This root primarily concerns denial, rejection, and disbelief, often with an element of knowledge of the truth. It also extends to meanings of scarcity, lack, and meagerness, particularly in relation to wealth, provisions, and natural phenomena like rain and vegetation.

The root جرد primarily relates to concepts of bareness, emptiness, and stripping. This includes physical barrenness of land, lack of hair on a person or animal, and the act of stripping or peeling something away. It also extends to abstract ideas like hardship and misfortune.

This root primarily relates to the concept of hastening or moving quickly, often with an implication of eagerness or intensity. It describes someone or something that is fast-paced or impetuous in its actions.

The root جسد primarily relates to the physical body, but also extends to concepts of color, particularly red, and things that adhere or cling to the body. It encompasses the physical form, pigments, blood, and even religious or idolatrous objects.

The root جعد (j-'-d) primarily relates to the concept of being curly, crinkled, or contracted. This applies to hair, but also metaphorically to things like hands, fingers, and even the texture of land or animal fur. It can also refer to a specific plant and is used in kunyas (nicknames) for animals.

This root appears to describe something that is stretched out, lying down, or sluggish. It is often used in the context of animals or people exhibiting laziness or a lack of movement.

This root primarily describes something as solid, strong, and tough. It is applied to individuals, animals, and even places, emphasizing a robust and unyielding nature.

This root primarily denotes hardness and solidity, specifically referring to large, hard rocks. It can also extend to describe a large quantity of camels, implying a substantial and imposing group.

This root primarily concerns the concept of solidification, freezing, and stillness. It extends to describe things that are hard, unmoving, or lacking in fluidity, including physical states like frozen water and abstract qualities like stinginess or lack of emotion.

This root primarily relates to groups of people, soldiers, armies, and their support. It extends to encompass regions or provinces, and metaphorically, the idea of being gathered or allied.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of effort, exertion, and striving. It extends to meanings of capacity, endurance, hardship, and intense desire, particularly in relation to physical or spiritual endeavors.

The root جود (j-w-d) primarily relates to goodness, excellence, and generosity. It extends to concepts of abundance, particularly in rain, and also encompasses physical attributes like a long or beautiful neck, and even thirst.

This root primarily relates to the concept of staying, settling, and permanence in a place. It also extends to the idea of an origin or foundation, and to a specific type of enduring spring.

This root primarily concerns the concept of boundaries, limits, and prohibitions. It extends to meanings of prevention, restriction, sharpness, and intensity, often related to physical or emotional states.

This root appears to be extremely rare, primarily documented as a proper noun for a man's name. The entry discusses its unique pattern within Arabic morphology, noting its deviation from common reduplicated verb forms.

The root حرد (ḥ-r-d) primarily relates to intention, purpose, and moving towards a goal. It also extends to meanings of isolation, separation, scarcity, and anger, often stemming from the idea of moving away or being set apart.

This root appears to relate to a knot or constriction, specifically within the throat. It describes a physical obstruction or blockage.

This root primarily relates to black earth or mud. It describes the substance itself and its qualities, such as being sticky or dark.

This root primarily concerns the emotion of envy, specifically the desire for another person's good fortune or possessions to transfer to oneself. It also covers the act of envying and the state of being envious.

The root حشد (ḥashada) primarily denotes the concept of gathering, assembling, or congregating. It extends to meanings of preparedness, abundance, and being sought after or influential.

The root حصد primarily relates to the act of reaping or harvesting crops. It extends metaphorically to cutting or severing, particularly with the tongue, and also encompasses concepts of firmness, strength, and well-formedness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of speed, haste, and rapid movement. It extends to include the idea of assistance, service, and the immediate family or descendants who help. Figuratively, it can refer to the essence or origin of something, or a tool associated with measurement or cutting.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deep-seated malice, resentment, and hatred. It describes the feeling of harboring ill will towards someone, often stemming from a perceived wrong or grievance. The derived terms also touch upon the act of inciting such feelings in others and the state of being resentful.

This root appears to describe a person characterized by stinginess and a narrow-minded, miserly disposition. It focuses on negative traits related to wealth and generosity.