Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns concepts of beauty, flourishing, and vibrant appearance, often extending to positive growth and ripeness. It also encompasses related abstract ideas like pride, arrogance, vanity, and falsehood, as well as specific actions like striking or illuminating.

This root primarily relates to concepts of homeland, intention, and the act of spoiling or damaging. It also encompasses meanings related to stretching, tearing, and the parts of a bow.

This root primarily concerns the concept of capturing, enslaving, or taking something captive. It extends to meanings of exiling, digging for water, and metaphorically taking things or people away. It also encompasses related concepts like the placenta, abundant wealth, and scatteredness.

This root primarily relates to the act of weaving or preparing threads for weaving, and by extension, to the process of setting up or arranging something. It also extends to meanings of speed and relaxation.

This root primarily relates to stillness, calmness, and continuity. It extends to concepts of a settled state, whether of water, animals, or even the deceased, and can also imply a gentle, prolonged action or gaze.

This root primarily concerns the act of scraping, peeling, or stripping away a surface layer from something. It extends to related concepts like erosion, removal of material, and also encompasses specific objects used for scraping, as well as natural phenomena like heavy rain and certain plants.

This root primarily relates to generosity, giving freely, and abundance. It also extends to concepts of making something easier or providing a space, and can describe a limping gait or a type of plant.

This root primarily relates to the warp threads of a fabric, extending or stretching. It also encompasses concepts of neglect, improvement, kindness, and the passage of time or movement, as well as specific agricultural and geographical terms.

This root primarily concerns the act of traveling or moving, especially during the night. It extends to concepts of flowing, spreading, and progressing, both literally and figuratively, and also encompasses specific geographical locations and types of military units.

This root primarily relates to elevation, height, and things that rise or extend upwards. It also encompasses specific types of trees, geographical locations, and abstract concepts like nobility and the removal of distress.

This root primarily deals with the concept of blaming, reproaching, and finding fault with someone. It encompasses verbal actions of censure and the resulting states or descriptions of being blamed.

This root primarily relates to acts of overpowering, aggression, and dominance. It also extends to concepts of abundance, tasting, and specific equine characteristics like long strides or spirited behavior.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of striving, seeking, and moving with purpose. It encompasses actions like intending, working, walking, running, earning, and even negative connotations like slandering or soliciting illicit relations. It also extends to leadership, responsibility, and specific historical or religious figures.

This root appears to relate to the concept of drinking, specifically a pleasant or satisfying drink. It encompasses the act of drinking and the quality of the drink itself.

This root primarily concerns the movement of dust and wind, leading to concepts of scattering, carrying, and lightness. It extends to meanings of physical deterioration, speed, and even negative actions like mistreatment or slander.

This root primarily concerns the provision and consumption of water, encompassing actions like giving water to drink, irrigating, and the containers or places associated with water. It also extends metaphorically to concepts of nourishment, emotional states, and even slander.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pressing someone for something, particularly in financial or legal demands. It signifies making things difficult for someone by being insistent and strict in seeking what is owed.

This root primarily concerns the concept of forgetting, consolation, and finding relief from sorrow. It extends to meanings of peace, security, and healing, often through remedies or natural elements.

This root primarily concerns the amniotic sac or membrane, particularly in relation to childbirth and animal gestation. It extends to concepts of detachment, cutting off, and difficult situations, metaphorically linked to the absence of this protective membrane.

This root primarily concerns the concept of elevation, height, and rising. It extends to concepts of reaching a high status, distinguishing or marking something, and also encompasses celestial bodies and the sky. It can also refer to hunting and the pursuit of game.

This root appears to relate to naming or designation. It is associated with a specific valley or place name, and its usage is noted by Ibn Jinni.

This root primarily relates to light, elevation, and time. It encompasses the brightness of lightning, the concept of loftiness, and the passage of a year. It also extends to concepts of ease, satisfaction, and providing water.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a year, encompassing its duration, associated conditions like drought, and the act of hiring for a specific period. It also extends to the idea of advancement or precedence.

This root primarily concerns concepts of equality, fairness, justice, and being level or straight. It extends to meanings of being balanced, moderate, or in the middle, and also encompasses notions of reaching maturity or a peak. Derived terms can refer to specific places, times, or even physical attributes.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of forgetting, neglecting, and overlooking. It extends to related ideas of stillness, ease, clarity (of water), and gentleness (of a camel). It also encompasses various architectural or structural terms, places, and even a star.

This root primarily relates to the curvature or bending of objects, particularly the ends of a bow. It also encompasses the concept of something being curved or bent.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of distance, separation, and reaching a goal or limit. It also encompasses notions of precedence, competition, and gathering or scattering.

This root primarily relates to concepts of rising, shining, and growth, particularly in the context of light, elevation, and the flourishing of plants. It also extends to the appearance of young creatures, especially scorpions, and can denote the edge or extremity of things.

This root primarily concerns the concept of winter, its season, weather, and related phenomena. It extends to describe places associated with winter, the act of residing in a place during winter, and periods of drought or hardship that might occur during this season.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a valley, specifically its upper or central part. It also encompasses related geographical features and potentially metaphorical extensions.

This root primarily relates to feelings of sadness, grief, and distress, often caused by something obstructing or overwhelming. It also extends to concepts of difficulty, hardship, and overcoming obstacles, as well as physical obstruction.

This root primarily relates to the concept of opening, widening, and stretching, particularly concerning the mouth or a space. It also extends to meanings of a wide expanse, a step, and stretching out one's tongue in speech.

This root relates to scarcity, stinginess, and parsimony. It describes someone who is miserly, withholding, or unwilling to give or spend.

This root primarily relates to the act of driving or urging animals, singing or chanting, and the concept of remnants or remaining strength. It also extends to meanings of resemblance, limits, and specific conditions like heat or disease.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being distinct, scattered, or emitting a strong scent, often associated with musk or pleasant fragrances. It also extends to meanings of harm, separation, and specific entities like trees, ships, or places.

This root primarily deals with concepts of buying, selling, and possession, often with a sense of exchange or acquisition. It extends to meanings of control, coercion, and taking initiative. Additionally, it encompasses notions of growth, eruption, and intensity, as well as specific natural phenomena and entities.

This root primarily relates to the concept of rising, ascending, or becoming elevated. It can also extend to meanings of being high, lofty, or even arrogant.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being elevated, raised, or prominent. It can describe physical elevation, such as the rising of clouds or the filling and subsequent lifting of a waterskin. It also extends to abstract notions of intensity or hardship.

This root primarily describes the physical state of a deceased person, specifically the stiffening and elevation of their limbs. It conveys a sense of rigidity and unnatural posture after death.

This root primarily relates to concepts of division, separation, and distribution, particularly concerning meat or food. It also extends to geographical locations and a specific type of ailment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of splitting, fragmentation, and sharp, splintered pieces. It extends to describe physical splinters, detached parts of the body or objects, and metaphorically, followers or intruders. It also encompasses geographical features like mountains and valleys.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of spreading, scattering, and dispersion, often in the context of conflict, natural phenomena like fire or plant growth, or the disarray of hair. It also extends to meanings of eagerness and being distant.

This root primarily concerns the concept of unevenness, irregularity, or misalignment, particularly in relation to teeth. It extends to deviations from the norm in actions or matters, and also refers to a type of bird of prey.

This root primarily concerns healing, recovery, and remedies. It extends to concepts of completion, scarcity, and also physical actions like piercing and overlooking.

This root primarily relates to the concept of appearing, becoming visible, or approaching completion. It also extends to specific terms for celestial bodies and personal names.

This root primarily concerns hardship, difficulty, and struggle. It extends to concepts of overcoming, treating, and enduring these challenges, as well as related physical objects like combs and geological formations.

This root primarily concerns the concept of complaining, expressing suffering, or seeking redress, often directed towards God. It also extends to meanings related to illness, accusation, and the provision of comfort or satisfaction. Additionally, it encompasses specific objects like water skins and a type of niche.

This root appears to be related to the concept of complaining or expressing distress, and also to the idea of a remainder or what is left behind.