Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of body parts, limbs, and remnants, often in a state of being separated or remaining. It extends to actions of calling, enticing, and saving, as well as descriptions of speed and worn-out items.

This root primarily relates to the concept of elevation, rising, or becoming prominent. It can describe a person's status or affairs becoming high, or the physical act of rising. It also has a distinct meaning related to wax.

This root appears to relate to specific geographical locations or features, particularly in the region of Kufa. It also touches upon a linguistic concept related to hamza.

This root appears to relate to concepts of enmity, hostility, and opposition. It describes a state of being an enemy or being opposed to something.

This root primarily concerns the act of roasting meat, extending to related actions like heating water, preparing food for roasting, and the resulting cooked meat. It also encompasses concepts of something being easy, insignificant, or a remnant, as well as parts of the body and specific animals.

This root primarily concerns desire, longing, and appetite, particularly for food or something pleasant. It extends to intense longing, coveting, and even the act of giving someone what they desire. It also touches upon sharp eyesight and resemblance.

This root appears to relate to a specific place name, Bukhara, and individuals associated with it. It also includes a comparative form indicating a resemblance or attribution to something.

This root primarily relates to the sound of young birds or chicks, specifically their chirping or crying. It also extends to the concept of speaking or crying out, and metaphorically to wealth that is either vocal (livestock) or silent (possessions).

This root primarily concerns concepts of youth, inclination, and bending. It extends to the direction of wind, specific parts of the body, and even the act of deceiving or charming someone. The meanings often relate to a youthful or immature state, or a leaning/bending towards something.

This root primarily relates to the act of walking, moving, or proceeding. It encompasses various nuances of gait, including a specific type of walking with a slight jump or bound, and can extend to the general concept of moving forward or progressing.

This root primarily concerns the state of being clear, awake, or sober. It extends to the dissipation of clouds or intoxication, and the abandonment of youthful folly or falsehood. It also includes related objects and states of being.

This root primarily relates to the concept of opening or revealing, particularly in the context of fire or eyes. It also extends to meanings of becoming dirty or soiled, and can refer to a type of plant.

This root primarily relates to the concept of echo, reverberation, and response, often in a physical or auditory sense. It extends to meanings of answering, confronting, and even death or destruction. Figuratively, it can encompass deception and skillful management.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of holding back, preserving, and separating. It extends to meanings of being delayed or stagnant, and also encompasses terms related to water, ships, and specific geographical locations or entities.

This root primarily relates to the concept of looking or observing, with specific terms for small plants and a type of bird.

This root primarily relates to smallness, particularly in birds and young animals. It also extends to concepts of being slender or delicate, and in a derived sense, to being a young, inexperienced person or a specific type of bird.

This root primarily concerns the concept of inclining, leaning, or turning towards something. It extends to listening attentively, as well as physical tilting or bending. It can also denote a deficiency or a side/part of something.

This root primarily concerns the act of inclining or turning towards something, often with the connotation of listening attentively or paying heed. It encompasses both physical and metaphorical movement in a particular direction.

This root primarily relates to purity, clarity, and selection. It extends to concepts of choosing the best part of something, clear skies, and sincere friendship. It also encompasses specific geographical locations and objects associated with hardness or purity.

This root primarily relates to the concept of adhering to, sticking with, or being attached to something. It can also extend to the idea of being bound or obligated.

This root primarily concerns the concept of heat, fire, and intense exposure to it. It extends to meanings of roasting, warming, enduring hardship, and even deception through feigned warmth or closeness. It also encompasses related objects and places associated with fire or heat.

This root primarily concerns the concept of the lower back or hindquarters of an animal, and by extension, the area around it. It also extends to the meaning of prayer, supplication, and religious places, particularly those of Jewish worship.

This root primarily concerns concepts of swiftness, suddenness, and decisive action, often related to movement, striking, or death. It also extends to bravery and steadfastness in commitment.

This root primarily concerns concepts of kinship, close association, and things that are closely situated or connected. It extends to descriptions of physical objects that are clustered or linked, such as trees or wells, and also includes terms related to service and the remnants of fire.

This root primarily relates to elevated or prominent features, both physical and abstract. It encompasses geographical elevations, markers, sounds, and even abstract concepts like arrogance or emptiness.

This root primarily relates to the concept of dryness, hardness, and strength. It also extends to meanings of withholding or abstaining, particularly in the context of animal husbandry for fattening or increased vigor.

This root primarily relates to elevated or prominent places, particularly concerning horses and terrain. It also extends to concepts of nurturing, illness, and specific geographical locations.

This root pertains to the physical state of being thin or emaciated. It describes a body that has become slender or gaunt, often due to hardship or illness.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of burning, scorching, and altering by heat. It also extends to meanings of seeking refuge, holding onto something, and overlooking with intent to capture or gain advantage.

This root primarily concerns the forenoon, the time of day after sunrise and before noon. It extends to concepts related to being exposed to the sun, appearing, and things that are prominent or visible during this time.

This root appears to relate to a concept of being or existence, possibly with connotations of affirmation or presence. It is quite abstract and its derived forms are not common in modern usage.

This root primarily concerns the concept of opposition, antagonism, and contradiction. It extends to expressions of anger, harsh speech, and the act of filling something to the brim.

This root primarily relates to opposition, contradiction, and being against something. It can also denote a mountain or a specific type of terrain.

This root primarily concerns the concept of becoming accustomed to something, particularly through repeated exposure or practice, leading to a state of being tame or habituated. It also extends to meanings related to blood flow, specific types of plants and substances, and a geographical location.

This root primarily deals with the concept of hiding, concealing, or being hidden. It extends to related ideas of being covered or obscured, and can also refer to specific types of trees.

This root primarily relates to the sound of animals, specifically cats, and by extension, to making a sound or crying out. It also extends to meanings of betrayal or treachery, particularly in the context of gambling.

This root primarily relates to abundance, plentifulness, and overflowing. It also extends to concepts of ease, comfort, and the side or flank of something.

This root primarily deals with the concept of going astray, deviating from the right path, and perishing. It encompasses both literal and metaphorical forms of misguidance and destruction.

This root primarily deals with the concept of injustice, wrongdoing, and oppression. It encompasses the act of being unjust, the state of being wronged, and the entities or individuals involved in such actions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of having many offspring or children, particularly for female animals. It also extends to meanings related to abundance, increase, and a person's share or portion.

This root primarily concerns the concept of illness, sickness, and suffering. It describes a state of prolonged or recurring sickness, the act of being afflicted by illness, and the experience of hardship or suffering.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of thinness, emaciation, and weakness, often due to natural causes or childbirth. It also extends to meanings of joining, arriving, and seeking information, as well as specific anatomical terms and animal-related descriptions.

This root appears to relate to concepts of noise, clamor, and loudness. It also extends to terms describing large size and intense, aggressive states, particularly in animals or in the context of cunning.

This root appears to relate to water, specifically pools or collections of water. It also extends to describe something that has not yet become firm or settled.

This root primarily relates to concepts of infertility, barrenness, and lack of growth, applied to both humans and land. It also extends to notions of resemblance and association.

This root primarily relates to the concept of 'one' or 'single entity'. It also extends to terms for sediment, dregs, and potentially a specific type of person or entity associated with this singularity.

This root primarily relates to concepts of turning, calling, and directing something or someone. It also extends to physical attributes like teats and a state of relaxation or slackness, with figurative extensions to difficult situations and responsiveness.

This root primarily relates to the act of calling or inviting someone. It also extends to meanings of mistaking someone for another and, in a more severe context, killing them.

This root primarily relates to the concept of going, departing, or moving away. It encompasses various nuances of movement, including traveling, passing by, and ceasing to be present.

This root pertains to playing with small objects or engaging in lighthearted activities. It also encompasses the meaning of small wooden pieces or sticks.