Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily refers to a type of plant, often described as growing in the desert. It also encompasses terms for a creeping insect and the manner of its movement.

This root primarily relates to concepts of firmness, strength, and origin, particularly referring to the base or origin of the tail. It extends to describe something solid, strong, and also a person who is unyielding or lacking in goodness.

The root 'afasa' primarily relates to astringency, bitterness, and a puckering sensation, often associated with certain plants and their fruits. It extends to describe something unpleasant, ill-mannered, or a stopper/container, particularly for liquids.

The root عقص primarily relates to twisting, coiling, or bending, particularly applied to animal horns, hair, and sand formations. It also extends to meanings of crookedness, difficulty, and stinginess.

This root primarily denotes the concept of turning back, repelling, or obstructing. It extends to meanings of difficulty, harshness, and unpleasantness in disposition or circumstances.

This root appears to describe something that is dense, thick, or substantial. It can refer to a physical attribute of objects or beings, and also metaphorically to abundance or impressive things.

This root primarily concerns ailments related to the stomach and digestion, specifically feelings of fullness, indigestion, and abdominal pain. It also extends to describe the wolf and, in a figurative sense, a state of being afflicted or overwhelmed.

This root appears to relate to forceful or coercive action, particularly in matters of opinion or decision-making. It describes compelling or overpowering others, often in a harsh or aggressive manner.

This root appears to relate to things that are admirable or astonishing, and also to something that is difficult or strenuous. It describes a remarkable object and a strenuous journey.

This root primarily relates to the stopper or plug of a bottle. It also extends to the act of removing this stopper and, metaphorically, to forcefully controlling or compelling others.

This root primarily discusses a type of food, specifically a raw, thinly sliced meat dish. It also touches upon the act of preparing this dish and a person who is fond of eating it.

This root primarily deals with the concept of a tuft, lock, or remnant. It extends to describe a small, scattered portion of something, whether it be hair, vegetation, or wealth. The idea of something remaining or being left behind is central.

This root primarily describes women characterized by a lack of physical substance or a deficiency in modesty and good conduct. It can refer to women who are thin, ill-formed, or immodest and ill-behaved.

This root appears to relate to a small creature, specifically a type of insect or worm. The primary derived lemma describes this creature.

The root عوص primarily denotes difficulty, complexity, and hardship. It extends to concepts of obscurity, stubbornness, and things that are convoluted or hard to navigate, both literally and figuratively. It can also refer to scarcity, drought, or a difficult situation.

This root primarily relates to origins, roots, and dense, tangled growth, particularly of trees and shrubs. It extends to concepts of lineage, noble ancestry, and dense vegetation, sometimes implying difficulty or hardship.

This root primarily relates to the eye and the accumulation of matter within it, often due to excessive crying. It also extends to a less common meaning of being seized or taken by something.

This root primarily concerns the sensation of choking or having something stuck in the throat, often associated with food or water. It extends to meanings of constriction, blockage, and being crowded or full.

This root primarily concerns the act of seizing or taking someone by surprise, often with an element of harshness or misfortune. It also extends to describe difficult or calamitous events.

This root primarily relates to the act of cutting or severing something, specifically the glottis or throat.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of looking down upon, belittling, and despising others or their possessions. It also extends to meanings related to minor defects, particularly in the eye, and includes several proper nouns derived from these meanings.

This root primarily describes a state of constriction or narrowness, particularly related to the chest or breathing. It can also refer to a type of bird.

This root primarily concerns the act of submerging or descending into water, often for the purpose of pearl diving. It extends to metaphorical meanings of delving into something, and also includes specific terms related to a woman's menstrual cycle and deception.

This root primarily relates to the act of cutting or dividing something. It describes the physical action of severing or cleaving an object, often with a sharp instrument.

The root فحص (faḥaṣa) primarily denotes intense searching, investigation, and examination. It extends to the physical act of digging or making a hollow space, often by animals, and metaphorically to deep-seated corruption or malice.

This root appears to describe something strong, vigorous, and persistent, particularly in the context of animals like stallions and lions. It can also refer to a stout or brave man, and in one specific instance, a woman's name.

This root primarily concerns the core, essence, or true nature of something. It extends to the idea of separation, articulation, and joints, particularly in bones and physical structures. It also encompasses specific meanings related to eyes, water, wine, and gemstones.

This root primarily describes the concept of opening, splitting, or bursting open. It conveys a sense of separation or a gap appearing, often in a sudden or forceful manner.

This root primarily concerns the act of breaking or cracking something, particularly hollow objects like eggs or fruits. It extends to the idea of something bursting open, especially in the context of hatching.

This root primarily concerns the concept of slipping away, escaping, or becoming free from a restraint or grasp. It often implies a subtle or sudden movement to achieve freedom.

This root primarily concerns communication, specifically speaking, clarifying, and expressing oneself. It also touches upon the idea of separating or distinguishing something.

The root فيص (f-y-ṣ) primarily relates to the clear expression and articulation of speech. It also extends to concepts of release, escape, and movement, particularly in the context of physical objects or situations.

This root primarily concerns the act of taking or grasping something with the fingertips, often in small quantities. It extends to meanings of gathering, collecting, and abundance, as well as swiftness, agility, and a type of running or leaping. It also denotes a specific type of pain and physical characteristics like a large head or a prominent forehead.

The root قرص primarily relates to pinching, squeezing, or biting with fingers or a sharp object, causing pain or a stinging sensation. It extends to meanings of sharp or acidic tastes, particularly in milk, and also refers to cutting or shaping dough and other substances.

The root قرفص primarily describes a specific posture of sitting or crouching, characterized by drawing the knees to the chest and holding them with the hands. It also extends to meanings of gathering, compressing, and metaphorically to thievery.

This root primarily describes the act of digging a hole or burrow for shelter, particularly from cold or for hunting. It extends to the concept of huddling or crouching within such a space, and metaphorically to the spaciousness of affairs.

This root primarily relates to specific parts of a falcon's equipment or its physical state, and secondarily to the act of a falcon or rooster fleeing. It also describes beads used in footwear.

This root primarily relates to concepts of cutting, breaking, or separating. It extends to descriptions of physical appearance, particularly shortness and stoutness, and also encompasses terms for specific plants, animal sounds, and geographical locations.

This root primarily concerns sudden, immediate death, often from a direct blow or wound. It also extends to diseases causing rapid death in animals and, metaphorically, to deception or trickery.

This root appears to relate to specific types of truffles and, metaphorically, to internal bodily movements or expressions. It also describes a manner of acting or appearing.

This root primarily describes the concept of drawing near, contracting, or shrinking. It also extends to meanings of rising, receding, or becoming scarce, particularly in relation to water, shadows, or tears. Some uses indicate movement away or disappearance.

The root ق-م-ص primarily relates to the concept of wearing garments, specifically a shirt. It extends metaphorically to represent covering, enveloping, and even leadership or authority. It also encompasses meanings related to sudden, restless movement, leaping, and agitation, both literally and figuratively.

This root primarily concerns the act of hunting and capturing prey, often with a sense of snatching or seizing. It extends to terms for the hunter, the hunted, and related tools or anatomical parts, particularly in birds.

This root primarily describes shortness or being stout. It is used to denote a short person, particularly a female, and can also refer to something compact or squat.

This root primarily concerns the idea of splitting, cracking, or breaking, particularly lengthwise. It extends to concepts of falling apart, collapsing, or becoming dislodged, often used for teeth or structures. It can also imply movement or instability.

This root primarily relates to endurance, patience, and persistence, particularly in the context of consuming food and drink. It also extends to meanings of overcoming or conquering someone, and obtaining something.