Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the action of stirring or tending to embers, particularly when they are dying down. It describes the act of rekindling a fire by agitating the coals.

This root primarily relates to the act of shaking or jostling something. It also has a derived meaning related to a small insect, possibly a louse, and its egg.

This root primarily concerns concepts of favor, high status, and good fortune, particularly in relation to powerful individuals. It extends to notions of preference, a share or portion, and also includes specific meanings related to small, un-nocked arrows or sticks used in games, and even to lice.

This root primarily concerns the waist, flank, and the area around the hips, including the part of the body where a garment like an izar is tied. It extends to related concepts like pain in that area, and metaphorically to areas of support or attachment.

This root primarily concerns the act of narrating, recounting, or telling a story. It also extends to imitating or mimicking someone's actions or words, often with a negative connotation for imitation. Additionally, it relates to the concept of something occurring or being established.

This root primarily concerns the concept of adornment, beauty, and pleasantness, both physical and sensory. It extends to descriptions of appearance, the act of decorating, and things that are pleasing to the eye or taste. It also encompasses specific botanical and geographical terms.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of protection, defense, and safeguarding. It extends to notions of pride, honor, and self-respect, as well as the act of avoiding or shunning something.

The root حمي primarily relates to intense heat, fervor, and strong emotions like anger or excitement. It extends to concepts of protection, venom, and the peak or intensity of something, including physical states and abstract feelings.

This root primarily concerns the concept of bending, curving, or inclining. It extends to describe the bends and curves of valleys, and by extension, places where one might lie in wait or ambush.

This root primarily relates to the concept of contracting, gathering, and enclosing. It also extends to sounds, specific birds, and names, with some derived forms having classical or specialized meanings.

This root primarily concerns life, living beings, and the state of being alive. It extends to concepts of vitality, sustenance, and flourishing, particularly in relation to the land and its inhabitants. It also encompasses greetings, blessings, and the concept of permanence or kingship.

This root primarily relates to life, vitality, and greeting. It extends to concepts of cunning, swiftness, and encouragement, as well as specific tribal names, place names, and astronomical terms.

The root خبا (kh-b-a) primarily relates to the concept of dwelling, specifically tents or portable dwellings. It also extends to the idea of something being hidden or concealed, and metaphorically, to the subsiding or extinguishing of fire, war, or intensity.

The root ختا (kh-t-w) primarily relates to a state of being subdued, broken, or diminished, often due to sadness, illness, or fear. It also encompasses actions of restraining, twisting threads, and the swift, swooping movement of a bird of prey.

This root primarily concerns the lower belly, particularly when relaxed or flaccid. It also extends to the act of expelling waste, specifically dung or feces, from animals like cattle and camels.

This root primarily relates to concepts of impurity, baseness, and meanness. It also extends to descriptions of physical attributes like wideness, long legs, or being large and stout, and can even denote cowardice. Additionally, it describes strong, persistent winds.

This root primarily describes a specific type of fast, energetic gait or running, particularly for animals like camels and horses. It also encompasses related concepts like the sound or appearance of such movement, and a less common meaning related to intestinal worms.

This root primarily describes a state of looseness, drooping, or relaxation, particularly in reference to ears. It extends to concepts of weakness, yielding, and even negative connotations like malice or unpleasant sounds.

This root appears to be related to astronomical terms, specifically referring to a pair of stars. The entry discusses the grammatical form and etymology of the term for these stars.

This root primarily deals with the concept of odd or single numbers, contrasting with even or paired numbers. It extends to meanings of playing games of chance with single or paired items, and metaphorically to uncertainty or lack of clarity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and awe. It describes the feeling of being afraid of something or someone, often with a sense of reverence or dread. The root also extends to the idea of a place being frightening or a person being intensely fearful.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and caution. It extends to meanings of knowing or realizing something with a sense of dread or concern, and also encompasses the idea of hoping or expecting something, particularly in a negative context. Additionally, it relates to dry or withered vegetation.

This root primarily deals with the concept of fear, apprehension, and awe. It extends to the idea of knowing or realizing something, often with a sense of trepidation or respect.

This root primarily concerns the testicles, both anatomically and metaphorically. It extends to the act of castration, and by extension, to concepts of emasculation, weakness, poverty, and even poetic themes of insult and dominance.

This root appears to describe the process of something moist or wet breaking apart or disintegrating. It is noted as potentially having a weak letter (ya') and its etymology is debated.

This root primarily describes the concept of being fleshy, plump, or well-built, particularly in terms of meatiness and bulk. It extends to meanings of being stout, solid, and robust, and can also refer to intense heat or severity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being hidden, concealed, or obscure. It extends to meanings of being faint, subtle, or not easily perceived, whether visually or intellectually. It can also describe something that is distant or out of sight.

This root primarily deals with the concept of being light, both physically and metaphorically. It extends to ideas of being insignificant, easy, or quick. It can also relate to being hidden or subtle.

This root primarily concerns concealment, hiddenness, and things that are covered or veiled. It extends to the idea of a hidden quality or characteristic, and also to physical coverings like veils or cloaks.

This root primarily relates to the intensity and elevation of sound. It also encompasses the concept of being fifth or a fifth in sequence.

This root primarily concerns indecent, foul, or obscene speech. It extends to concepts of corruption, destruction, and betrayal, often associated with the passage of time or negative actions.

This root primarily denotes emptiness, desolation, and collapse. It extends to concepts of abandonment, scarcity, and hollowness, both physically and metaphorically. It also encompasses meanings related to falling, collapsing, and even specific sounds or physical postures.

This root primarily concerns anatomical terms related to the back, spine, and ribs, particularly around the shoulders and neck. It also extends to describe stealthy or deceptive movements, and a specific part of a saddle or bow.

This root primarily concerns locusts in their immature, flightless stages. It also extends to concepts of abundance, large quantities, and specific locations associated with these phenomena. Additionally, it includes terms for gourds and related vessels.

The root دحا primarily relates to the concept of spreading, extending, and making something wide or spacious. This extends to physical actions like spreading out the earth, as well as metaphorical uses like spreading out troops or even sexual intercourse. It also encompasses related concepts like a nest or place of laying eggs, and a type of game.

This root primarily relates to darkness and obscurity. It is used to describe a dark night or a state of being dark.

The root 'dada' primarily relates to amusement, play, and lightheartedness. It encompasses concepts of distraction, idle amusement, and even the act of playing or toying with something. The root also touches upon the idea of being engrossed in such activities.