Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to relate to concepts of time, duration, or a significant period. The primary usage seems to be in describing a span of time, possibly a long one.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being from or pertaining to India. It is used to form adjectives and nouns that denote origin from India, often with a specific grammatical construction where the 'k' is considered an addition.

This root primarily concerns foolishness, recklessness, and being bewildered or confused. It describes someone who acts without proper thought or consideration, often leading to a downfall or falling into error. The concept extends to being lost or uncertain, particularly in matters of faith.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of date, particularly one that has ripened and dried to a certain stage. It also encompasses the process of dates becoming firm or dried.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fat, grease, or richness, particularly in meat. It extends to describe things that are fatty or have been made fatty, and by extension, can refer to plumpness or abundance. It also encompasses derived terms for specific dishes and even metaphorical uses related to hardship or importance.

This root primarily relates to quick or rapid movement, often with a connotation of being hurried or even awkward. It can also describe a specific, unattractive gait associated with short individuals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of speed, quickness, and hastiness. It describes things that are fast, imminent, or happening soon, as well as the act of moving or acting quickly.

This root primarily concerns feelings of illness, pain, and discomfort, often associated with fever. It also extends to meanings of intense physical exertion, struggle, and crowding, particularly in the context of animals.

This root primarily describes a specific manner of walking, characterized by swaying, rolling, or a hesitant gait. It also extends to the sound of doves and, metaphorically, to cowardice.

This root appears to relate to concepts of spaciousness and potentially dense, wild areas. The primary derived terms describe a wide, open space and a thicket or dense patch of vegetation.

This root appears to relate to the concept of 'one' or 'unity', possibly with a Persian origin. It is used in a poetic context to refer to a singular entity or unit.

This root primarily concerns camels (الإبل) and related concepts like owning, tending, and the abundance of camels. It extends to the idea of being skilled in managing livestock, particularly camels and sheep, and metaphorically to managing wealth or affairs. It also covers the concept of camels being satisfied with green fodder instead of water.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abstaining, remaining, being numerous, and forming groups. It also extends to meanings of being neglected, abundant, and in some contexts, to specific types of birds, religious figures, and places.

This root appears to relate to the concept of letting camels roam freely or unhindered. It also touches upon a possible phonetic variation where 'ayn replaces hamza.

This root primarily describes a manner of walking, specifically a short, quick, or deliberate stride, often associated with anger or determination. It can also extend to meanings of approaching, correcting, or being full of something.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of origin, foundation, and deep-rootedness. It extends to acquiring and accumulating wealth, establishing oneself, and achieving greatness. It also refers to a specific type of tree and its wood, as well as household furnishings.

This root pertains to the concept of being large or stout, particularly in the belly. It describes a physical characteristic of being corpulent or pot-bellied.

This root primarily relates to the cluster of dates on a palm tree, specifically the stalk and the dates themselves. It also extends to a tool used for flogging, with variations in pronunciation and spelling.

This root primarily concerns the concept of time, duration, and appointed periods, especially in relation to deadlines, death, and divine decree. It also extends to notions of delay, postponement, and the future, contrasting with immediacy. Additionally, it encompasses meanings related to gathering, collecting, and even specific types of animals and ailments.

This root primarily relates to physical discomforts and states, specifically pain in the neck and the souring or curdling of milk. It also extends to the concept of closing or shutting, particularly a door.

This root appears to primarily relate to geographical features, specifically mountains, and also to descriptions of physical size and robustness, particularly in a person.

This root primarily denotes hardship, constriction, and scarcity, often related to difficult times, poverty, or confinement. It extends to concepts of being trapped, restricted, or facing severe conditions, and can also refer to ancient or eternal things.

This root primarily relates to slender, pointed, and smooth things. It encompasses plants with thin stems, weapons like spears and arrows due to their shape, and physical attributes like slender fingers or smooth cheeks. It also extends to abstract concepts like the tip of the tongue and the sharpness of speech.

This root appears to relate to a specific unit of measurement, possibly a rope or cord, used in the Basra region. Its origin is debated, with some suggesting it's a non-Arabic (Nabataean) term.

This root primarily concerns the concept of origin, foundation, and permanence. It extends to notions of lineage, deep-rootedness, and established existence. It also encompasses ideas of destruction and eradication, as well as specific times of day and types of snakes.

This root primarily relates to parts of the body, specifically the flank, waist, and the area around the ribs. It also extends to describe the shape or form of these areas, particularly in animals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of disappearing, setting, or becoming absent. It extends to describe celestial bodies setting, young camels, and in a more abstract sense, a person becoming energetic or a pregnancy becoming established. It also has a rare meaning related to diminished intellect.

This root primarily describes a state of shivering or trembling, often associated with cold or fear. It is used to denote a physical reaction of the body to external stimuli.

The root 'ءكل' primarily relates to the concept of eating, consuming, or devouring. It extends to meanings of erosion, decay, and intense itching or irritation. Figuratively, it can refer to consuming others through gossip or to the dominance of one entity over others.

This root entry discusses the particle 'illa' (except, but) and its grammatical function as an exception. It also touches upon the noun 'ulu' (possessors of) which functions similarly to 'dhuwu' and is always used in a construct state.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hope, expectation, and aspiration. It extends to related ideas of looking forward, contemplation, and even physical descriptions of elevated landforms.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'family', 'people', 'kin', and those closely associated with a person or place. It extends to encompass inhabitants, followers of a doctrine or cause, and those who are worthy or deserving of something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fat, grease, or oil, particularly that which is melted or used for cooking. It extends to the idea of being worthy or deserving of something, and also relates to family or household members.

This root primarily concerns leadership, management, and policy-making, extending to the concepts of protection, seeking refuge, and sustenance. It also encompasses meanings related to guiding or driving animals, and various physical phenomena like mirages and elevated landforms. Additionally, it refers to family, followers, and tools.

This root primarily relates to interpretation, understanding, and the process of arriving at a meaning. It also extends to specific botanical terms and geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to place names, including cities and regions, and also encompasses divine names and a month name. It appears to have origins in Hebrew or Syriac, with 'El' signifying God.

This root primarily describes smallness, weakness, and thinness, often in a negative or diminutive sense. It is closely related to the concept of being insignificant or poorly formed, sometimes extending to ugliness.

This root primarily relates to specific anatomical regions of the body, particularly around the chest and shoulder area. It also extends to describe a swift gait and potentially a concept of being well-formed or slender.

This root primarily relates to forms of speech and movement. It encompasses concepts of verbal abuse, insults, and a specific manner of walking characterized by speed and perhaps a swagger.

This root entry primarily discusses the place name 'Babylon' (Bābil) in Iraq. It explores its geographical location, its association with magic and wine, and its historical and religious significance, particularly in Islamic tradition and Hadith.

The root بتل (b-t-l) primarily signifies cutting, separating, or severing. This core meaning extends to concepts of distinctness, finality, and dedication, particularly in religious contexts. It also encompasses notions of completeness and perfection in form, and in some instances, refers to specific types of plants or individuals.

This root appears to be related to concepts of remainder or leftover, and also fame or renown. The specific derived terms are not widely attested in classical or modern Arabic.

The root بجل (b-j-l) primarily relates to concepts of greatness, magnificence, and respect. It extends to notions of abundance, prosperity, and even physical robustness. In some contexts, it can also refer to something large or significant, including abstract concepts like falsehood or wonder.

This root appears to be related to intense or severe actions, possibly in a physical or emotional sense. It is noted as rare and potentially obscure in classical Arabic lexicography.

This root primarily describes lightness and swiftness in movement or action. It can also refer to a specific physical gait where a shoulder might lean or sway. Additionally, it is used as a proper name.

This root describes a person who is dark-skinned and robust. It also relates to a specific type of dancing associated with the Zanj people.