Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root describes the act of leaping or jumping, specifically in a manner resembling small animals like jerboas or mice. It denotes a quick, sudden, and perhaps somewhat erratic movement.

This root primarily concerns the concept of stinginess, avarice, and miserliness. It describes the act of being stingy, the state of being stingy, and the people who exhibit these traits. It also touches upon the idea of being found stingy or being induced to stinginess.

This root primarily concerns the concept of replacement, substitution, and change. It encompasses altering something, taking something in place of another, and the act of exchanging or swapping. It also extends to the idea of transformation and modification.

The root بذل (badhala) primarily concerns the act of giving, offering, or expending something generously. It extends to concepts of wearing worn-out clothing, acting humbly, and undertaking tasks diligently. The root also touches upon the opposite of preservation and the idea of being readily available or used.

This root primarily describes the distinctive, often circular, plumage around the neck of birds, particularly roosters and partridges. It extends to the act of puffing up this plumage, especially when preparing for a fight, and metaphorically to preparing for conflict or aggression.

This root appears to be related to descriptions of physical size and stature, specifically referring to someone large or stout. However, its usage and validity are noted as uncertain.

This root primarily describes long, hard, and solid objects, often stone or metal, used as tools or weapons. It also extends to describe physical features, particularly of animals, and some specific types of coverings or garments.

This root appears to relate to the young of certain wild animals, specifically the hyena or the rock badger. It describes the offspring of these creatures.

This root primarily relates to geographical terms, specifically describing types of land and regions. It encompasses areas between settled agricultural land and the desert, as well as land close to water sources.

This root appears to relate to specific objects and actions, particularly those involving throwing or deception. It includes a noun for a projectile used by children and a verb describing the act of lying.

The root بزل (bzl) primarily relates to the concept of splitting, cracking, or piercing, often associated with physical objects like teeth, containers, or wounds. It extends to meanings of opening, filtering, and making a decisive cut, particularly in the context of opinions or matters.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of horse, possibly a breed or a characteristic associated with horses. The entry is very brief and refers to another section for further details.

This root pertains to the act of reciting the Basmala, the Islamic phrase 'In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'. It covers the verb form for saying it, the noun for the utterance itself, and related participial forms.

This root primarily concerns the onion, its appearance, and related concepts. It extends to describe objects resembling an onion in shape, particularly a helmet, and also refers to the layers or scales of such objects.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of invalidity, falsehood, and worthlessness, contrasting with truth and validity. It also extends to meanings of courage, bravery, and a skilled warrior, sometimes linked to the idea of nullifying or overcoming great challenges.

The root 'بعل' primarily relates to ownership, mastery, and self-sufficiency, particularly concerning land and plants. It extends to marital relationships, signifying a husband as a master or owner, and also encompasses concepts of abundance, self-reliance, and even divine or idol worship.

The root 'بغل' primarily relates to the mule, a hybrid animal known for its strength and endurance. It extends metaphorically to concepts of mixed lineage, inferiority to purebreds, and a specific gait in camels that resembles the mule's movement.

This root primarily relates to the act of washing or cleansing. It extends to the concept of purification, both physical and spiritual, and can also denote excessive sexual intercourse.

The root بقل (bql) primarily relates to the emergence and growth of plants, particularly herbs and vegetables. It extends to the appearance of hair on a young man's face, the sprouting of animal teeth, and metaphorically to the mixing or confusion of matters.

This root primarily relates to moisture, wetness, and the act of becoming wet. It extends to concepts of being damp, moist, or even saturated. Figuratively, it can denote being overcome, subdued, or deeply affected, and also relates to the early stages of plant growth.

The root 'بهل' primarily relates to the concept of leaving something unattended, neglected, or abandoned. This extends to meanings of letting go, releasing, and even neglecting one's responsibilities. It also encompasses the idea of cursing or invoking divine condemnation upon someone, and in a more positive sense, striving or exerting oneself in prayer.

This root primarily relates to physical attributes, particularly concerning the chest and fleshiness, and also extends to concepts of lightness, specific entities like birds and tribes, and personal names.

This root primarily describes qualities of physical robustness, whiteness, and boldness, often applied to women and men. It also extends to meanings related to expelling or removing something, and to describing something as coarse or thick.

This root describes a state of youthfulness, freshness, and tender, full-bodied youth, particularly in women. It emphasizes a plump, well-developed, and attractive physical appearance associated with young adulthood.

The root بول (b-w-l) primarily relates to the act of urination. It extends metaphorically to concepts of being overcome, insignificant, or even to the state of one's affairs and heart. It also encompasses related terms for urine, devices for urination, and medical conditions.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a river or a body of water. The primary meaning provided is 'river'. Further derivations or specific usages are not detailed in this brief entry.

This root appears to relate to significant or overwhelming matters, particularly calamities and difficult situations. It also has a less common, likely erroneous, association with a specific manner of walking.

This root primarily concerns concepts of enmity, hatred, and deep-seated grudges. It also extends to meanings of destruction, affliction by fate, and being consumed by love or illness.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a hedgehog. The primary meaning provided is the Arabic word for hedgehog itself.

This root appears to be related to place names. The primary derived words refer to a specific location.

This root pertains to a sensation of intense heat or burning, specifically within the throat. It describes a raw, irritated, or feverish feeling in the throat.

The root تفل (tafala) primarily relates to spitting, often with saliva, and by extension, to a change in smell or the abandonment of perfume. It also has a specific meaning related to a fox.

This root primarily deals with small creatures, specifically a type of rodent or lizard found in the Hijaz region. It also extends to botanical terms, referring to a plant resembling a gourd or having a pleasant scent, and a specific type of plant known as 'al-barghash'.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being tall, erect, and well-formed. It describes physical stature, particularly in relation to animals like camels, and can also refer to something becoming strong or mature.

This root primarily concerns the concept of becoming straight, upright, or tall. It also extends to the idea of moderation and evenness, particularly in relation to the posture or shape of something, like a camel's hump.

This root primarily describes shortness in stature, referring to a short man. It also includes a place name derived from this concept.

This root appears to describe states of being unclean, impure, or behaving foolishly. It can refer to the state of an egg after being laid or a person who becomes dirty after cleaning, or acts foolishly after being sensible.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of plant or material, possibly cotton, and its texture or appearance.

This root primarily concerns calamities, misfortunes, and things that cause affection or enchantment, often through magical means. It also extends to concepts of gathering, smallness, and young animals, with some debate on its precise etymological connection.

This root primarily concerns skin eruptions, specifically warts or boils. It extends to describe the appearance of these growths and, metaphorically, the nipple.

This root appears to be related to concepts of remnants, leftovers, and possibly fame or notoriety. The primary derived terms discussed are 'thabalah' and 'bathalah', with a comparison made to 'thamalah'.

The root ثتل (th-t-l) primarily denotes a type of wild goat, specifically a mature male or the species in general. It can also refer to a large, imposing man, a type of wild cattle, and even a place name.

This root primarily describes largeness, bulkiness, and spaciousness, particularly related to the abdomen and belly. It can also refer to a large or significant portion, especially of time, and in a figurative sense, a severe misfortune.

This root describes a state of relaxation, looseness, or dragging. It can refer to a physical posture of ease or the act of dragging something, particularly clothing, along the ground.

This root appears to describe a specific type of plumage or feathering, particularly the ruff or crest found on a bird's neck, like that of a rooster.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of plant. The primary entry defines it as a plant, with no further derivations or usages provided in the given text.

This root primarily relates to eating and food preparation, often with connotations of haste, messiness, or poor quality. It also extends to meanings related to excretion, animal names, and specific anatomical or residual parts.