Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the act of probing, investigating, or testing something to ascertain its depth, nature, or quality. It extends to examining the condition or appearance of things and people, and also encompasses specific meanings related to cold mornings and fine garments.

This root primarily relates to the concept of stretching, extending, and length, often applied to physical forms like bodies, animals, or even objects lying on the ground. It can also denote a specific type of bird characterized by its long neck.

The root سبكر primarily relates to the concept of being straight, upright, and well-proportioned. It extends to meanings of lying down or stretching out, and also describes something that is flowing or well-arranged.

The root 'ستر' (str) primarily relates to the concept of covering, concealing, and hiding. It encompasses physical coverings, veils, and screens, as well as the abstract idea of modesty, chastity, and being hidden or protected. The root also extends to metaphorical coverings and the act of being concealed.

The root سجر primarily relates to filling, heating, and overflowing. It extends to concepts of intense heat, abundance of water, and also to close companionship and the arrangement of things.

This root appears to relate to whiteness, brightness, and possibly the shimmering heat haze (jal) seen in the desert.

This root primarily relates to the concept of 'magic' or 'enchantment', but also extends to the time just before dawn, the lungs, and deception. It encompasses various derived terms for sorcerers, the act of bewitching, and the specific time of pre-dawn.

The root سحفر (s-h-f-r) primarily relates to the concept of moving or extending rapidly and expansively. It encompasses notions of speed in action, speech, and spatial extent.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of mockery, ridicule, and making fun of someone. It extends to the idea of commanding or compelling someone to work without pay, and by extension, subjugation or making something subservient. It can also refer to something being compliant or easy to manage.

This root primarily relates to a type of tree and, metaphorically, to treachery or betrayal, drawing a parallel between the tree's nature and the act of breaking faith.

This root primarily relates to states of confusion, bewilderment, and distraction, often associated with heat or overwhelming circumstances. It also encompasses terms for specific objects like the lote tree and its fruit, as well as a type of river or palace, and even a specific measurement or type of arrow.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of visual impairment or sensory disturbance, particularly associated with intoxication or extreme drowsiness. It describes a condition where vision is affected, leading to a lack of clarity or a dimming of sight.

This root primarily relates to secrecy, hiddenness, and inner states. It extends to concepts of the core or best part of something, the navel, and by extension, lineage. It also encompasses joy and pleasure, and the physical act of cutting the umbilical cord.

This root primarily concerns the concept of lines, writing, and arrangement. It extends to notions of control, subjugation, and even a type of sour drink.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of ignition, burning, and intense heat, extending to metaphorical uses like inciting conflict or intense emotions. It also encompasses terms related to price, and in a classical context, madness and a specific idol.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of herb, commonly known as thyme. It also addresses orthographic variations in writing the word, particularly in medical texts to avoid confusion with barley.

This root appears to relate to the concept of brokerage, intermediation, and acting as a go-between, particularly in trade. It also extends to meanings of following or accompanying someone.

This root primarily relates to intense heat, burning, and scorching, often associated with the sun. It also encompasses the concept of hellfire.

The root سكر primarily relates to intoxication, stupor, and being overcome. It extends to meanings of obstruction, stillness, and choking, often metaphorically.

This root primarily concerns nighttime conversation and related activities. It extends to concepts of time, specific colors, plants, and objects like nails, with some metaphorical extensions.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of hardness, intensity, and firmness. It is applied to physical objects like thorns and darkness, as well as to abstract qualities like strength in combat. It also denotes a type of strong spear.

This root appears to describe qualities of abundance, largeness, and fullness. It is used to denote a person who is plump or well-fed, and a place that is vast or expansive.

This root primarily deals with the concept of covering, concealing, and protecting. It extends to things that provide cover, such as armor or veils, and by extension, to the act of hiding or being hidden.

This root entry primarily discusses the name Sanmar and its association with a famous anecdote. It also extensively covers the word 'sur' (سُور) and its derivatives, referring to walls, fortifications, and levels or ranks, including its application to chapters of the Quran. The root also touches upon bracelets and the act of leaping or attacking.

This root primarily concerns the state of being awake, especially due to sleeplessness or vigilance. It extends to related concepts like prolonged wakefulness, the act of causing sleeplessness, and metaphorically to celestial phenomena and anatomical terms.

This root primarily concerns the concept of movement, travel, and journeying. It extends to encompass the manner or way something is done, a path or course, and even the act of setting something in motion or causing it to spread. It also relates to components of a journey or things associated with travel.

The root شبر primarily relates to the concept of measuring or spanning a short distance, often a handspan. It extends to giving or bestowing, and metaphorically to closeness or proximity, particularly in conflict.

This root primarily concerns the outward turning or eversion of the eyelid, leading to a squinted or wide-eyed appearance. It extends to meanings of tearing, defect, and disparagement, and also includes proper names.

The root شجر primarily relates to trees and plants growing on stalks. It extends to concepts of abundance of trees, places where trees grow, and things resembling trees or made of wood. It also encompasses meanings of divergence, dispute, and redirection.

This root primarily relates to coastal regions, specifically the shores of the sea. It denotes the littoral area and the act of being situated along the coast.

This root primarily concerns the sound of snoring, particularly associated with animals like donkeys. It also appears in a proper name derived from this concept.

This root primarily concerns scattered or dispersed things, often small fragments. It extends to concepts of preparation for conflict, aggressive posturing, and verbal threats.

This root primarily concerns the concept of evil, badness, and malice. It extends to related ideas like hostility, corruption, and negative qualities. Secondary meanings include spreading or scattering, and a specific type of insect.

This root primarily concerns a sideways, oblique, or sidelong glance, often associated with anger or displeasure. It also extends to concepts of twisting or turning in a specific direction, and geographically to a place name.

This root primarily relates to the act of sewing with wide stitches and the early stages of a gazelle fawn's development. It also encompasses terms for specific parts of the gazelle fawn's anatomy and growth.

The root شطر (shaṭara) primarily relates to the concept of 'half' or 'division into two'. It extends to notions of direction, partiality, and separation, often in a physical or spatial sense. Derived meanings include being mischievous, distant, or peculiar.

This root primarily describes someone with a bad disposition, ill-tempered, or ill-mannered. It can also refer to a specific type of unpleasant or disagreeable person.

The root شعر (sha'ara) primarily relates to hair and its growth, extending to concepts of covering, marking, and awareness. It encompasses physical hair, the hair-like parts of plants or animals, and metaphorically, things that cover or signify. It also relates to poetic expression and sensory perception.

The root شغر (sh-gh-r) primarily relates to the concept of emptiness, vacancy, or a state of being open or exposed. It extends to actions associated with this state, such as lifting a leg, a place becoming deserted, or a number becoming vast and unmanageable.

This root primarily relates to sharp edges, blades, and the lips or edges of things. It extends to the eyelashes, the lips of animals, and metaphorically to the edge of a sword or the edge of a valley. It also encompasses the concept of a servant or attendant.

This root primarily deals with the concept of separation, scattering, or spreading out. It describes things moving apart or becoming dispersed.

The root شقر (sh-q-r) primarily relates to shades of reddish-brown and blonde colors. It extends to describe specific hues in humans and horses, and also refers to certain plants, places, and abstract concepts like needs or important matters.

The root شكر primarily concerns gratitude, praise, and acknowledgment, often in response to kindness or bounty. It extends to concepts of sufficiency, abundance, and even specific botanical or zoological terms.

The root شمر (sh-m-r) primarily relates to the concepts of swiftness, haste, and energetic movement, often involving lifting or raising something. It extends to notions of pride, preparation, and specific animal characteristics.

This root primarily relates to height, loftiness, and pride, often associated with mountains or elevated places. It can also extend to metaphorical senses of arrogance or haughtiness.

This root appears to describe swiftness and speed, particularly in relation to camels. It is used to denote a fast-moving camel, both male and female.

This root primarily deals with concepts of defect, blemish, and shame. It extends to encompass disgrace, infamy, and the act of being disgraced or shamed.

This root primarily relates to pointing, indicating, and signaling. It also extends to concepts of extracting, displaying, and appearance, including clothing and physical form. Additionally, it encompasses terms for goods, provisions, and even specific days and types of horses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a month, its passage, and the duration of time. It also extends to the idea of something becoming known, evident, or famous, and in a more specific sense, drawing or unsheathing a weapon.