Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of good, goodness, and excellence, often contrasted with evil or badness. It extends to notions of choice, preference, and abundance, particularly in the context of wealth or provisions.

The root دبر (d-b-r) primarily relates to the concept of 'behind', 'back', 'after', and 'end'. It extends to notions of departure, retreat, and the posterior part of things, including animals and abstract concepts like time and affairs. It also encompasses related ideas such as following, trailing, and the consequences or outcomes of actions.

This root primarily relates to abundance, covering wealth, plentifulness, and things that are abundant or covering. It also extends to concepts of covering oneself with garments, and metaphorically, to things becoming worn out or forgotten, as well as a person being inactive or lazy.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being energetic, active, and sometimes impetuous or mischievous. It can also describe intense darkness.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of driving away, expelling, and repelling. It signifies a forceful removal or pushing back, often with connotations of rejection or banishment.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of humiliation, degradation, and being abased. It describes a state of being brought low, often by others, and the resulting feelings of insignificance and subservience.

This root appears to relate to concepts of preservation, protection, and fine, possibly Persian-origin, garments. It describes something kept safe or a type of well-maintained cloth.

This root primarily concerns the flow and abundance of liquid, especially milk and rain. It extends to concepts of value, excellence, speed, and even falsehood, often metaphorically derived from the idea of abundant flow.

The root 'دسر' primarily relates to the concept of pushing, thrusting, or fastening. It extends to describe the components of a ship that hold it together, the act of pushing something forcefully, and also refers to large or strong entities like a camel or a military unit.

This root primarily concerns concepts of corruption, badness, and moral decay. It extends to describe something that is spoiled, defective, or of poor quality, including physical objects and moral character.

This root primarily deals with the concept of destruction, demolition, and ruin. It extends to describe things that are destroyed or ruined, and also a damaged water basin.

This root primarily relates to the concept of forceful or sudden action, often involving pushing, snatching, or aggressive behavior. It can also refer to a specific type of throat ailment.

This root primarily relates to the concept of mixing, confusing, or obscuring something. It can refer to the act of blending things together, or to something that is hidden or unclear as a result of such mixing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of foul odor, stench, and unpleasantness. It extends to metaphorical uses, referring to calamities, the world, and even insults.

This root primarily relates to the concept of writing, recording, and keeping accounts. It encompasses the physical objects used for writing, such as notebooks and ledgers, as well as the act of writing itself and the resulting records.

This root appears to relate to concepts of calamities, falsehoods, and slander. It also has a specific application to a type of fodder and a place name.

This root primarily concerns destruction, ruin, and perishing. It extends to concepts of entering without permission, and also includes geographical and descriptive terms.

This root primarily relates to the gold dinar coin and its characteristics. It also extends to describe specific qualities or markings in horses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dwelling, habitation, and place, often with a feminine grammatical treatment. It extends to notions of movement, rotation, and cyclical processes, as well as specific objects and abstract concepts related to these ideas.

This root primarily concerns the concept of time, eternity, and fate. It also extends to notions of enduring hardship, the passage of time, and the inevitability of events. Some derived terms relate to actions of gathering and casting, or to describing something as large or immense.

This root primarily concerns the concept of inciting, provoking, or instigating someone against another. It also extends to meanings of becoming bold, defiant, or accustomed to something, and can describe a camel that rejects its young.

This root primarily relates to the act of writing, inscribing, or marking. It encompasses the physical act of writing, the written text itself, and the person who performs the writing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of storing, preserving, or accumulating something valuable for future use. It extends to the idea of something being kept aside, whether it's provisions, wealth, or even internal bodily parts in a metaphorical sense.

This root primarily concerns smallness, scattering, and emergence. It relates to tiny entities like ants, the scattering of seeds or substances, and the dawning or sprouting of things. It also extends to negative dispositions and bad temper.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, fright, and alarm. It encompasses the act of frightening someone, the state of being frightened, and various expressions related to sudden fear or panic.

This root primarily concerns strong, pungent, or distinctive odors, both pleasant and unpleasant. It extends to describe things that possess such qualities, including specific body parts prone to strong scent, and metaphorically, negative character traits or even physical descriptions of objects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of remembrance, memory, and recollection. It also extends to the male sex, sharpness or potency, and fame or praise.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of bravery, urging, and protection of honor or what is owed. It extends to sounds associated with animals, particularly lions, and specific actions related to animal husbandry and expressions of displeasure or threat.

This root primarily concerns the act of smearing or marking, particularly with dung, for a specific purpose. It also extends to a description of darkened teeth.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being rotten, corrupted, or spoiled, often associated with weakness, thinness, or decay. It can describe physical deterioration or a state of being insubstantial.

This root primarily concerns the roaring sound made by a lion, particularly when it emanates from its chest. It also extends to describe the lion itself as roaring or fierce, and metaphorically refers to enemies.

This root primarily relates to concepts of cutting, forming, writing, and strength. It encompasses physical objects like iron pieces, geological formations like wells, and abstract ideas like intellect and writing. It also extends to descriptions of physical attributes and even specific types of ships and insects.

This root appears to be related to a specific geographical location, possibly a fortified place or a border region.

This root appears to describe something rough, coarse, or ill-tempered, particularly in relation to physical appearance and disposition. It is used for people and animals exhibiting these traits.

The root Z-J-R primarily relates to concepts of prohibition, deterrence, and driving away. It extends to include specific actions like signaling with fingers, and even divination through observing birds.

This root primarily relates to the act of straining or exerting oneself, particularly in the context of bodily functions like defecation or childbirth. It can also refer to labored breathing and, metaphorically, to intense desire or distress.

This root primarily describes abundance, fullness, and overflowing, particularly in water bodies and vegetation. It also extends to concepts of nobility, high lineage, and growth.

The root زرر primarily relates to fastening, securing, and tightness. It extends to concepts of being well-fed or plump, and also encompasses actions like driving away, striking, and biting. Figuratively, it can refer to a reliable or essential part of something.

This root primarily relates to scarcity or lack, particularly concerning hair or vegetation. It also extends to negative character traits like fierceness or bad temper, and a specific fruit.

This root primarily relates to the color saffron and its use as a dye. It also extends to describe a lion with a reddish hue, possibly due to the association with the color.

The root 'zfr' primarily relates to carrying, bearing, or holding something heavy. It extends to concepts of support, strength, and intense emotional or physical exertion, such as deep breaths or significant troubles.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fullness or swelling, particularly in the context of a child's stomach. It also encompasses the proper name Zechariah and its grammatical variations.

This root primarily relates to groups of people or animals, and by extension, to sounds and musical instruments. It also carries connotations of scarcity, both in terms of physical attributes like hair and moral qualities.

This root primarily concerns loud, aggressive, or boisterous vocalizations. It describes sounds of shouting, roaring, or making a commotion, often associated with anger or intimidation.

This root primarily relates to concepts of length, height, and extension, particularly in relation to limbs or physical attributes. It also extends to describe a type of arrow and, metaphorically, a woman of ill repute.

This root primarily relates to intense cold and extreme conditions. It also extends to expressions of intense anger and the appearance of celestial bodies.

This root appears to relate to small stones or pebbles, and also to specific geographical locations and religious attire.

The root زهر (z-h-r) primarily relates to blooming, radiance, and brightness. It extends to concepts of beauty, youth, and flourishing, as well as celestial bodies and light. It also encompasses specific names and terms for things that are bright or beautiful.

This root primarily concerns the concept of leaving a remnant or residue, particularly of liquid in a container. It extends to the idea of holding back or retaining something, and by extension, to a person who is restrained or does not give freely.