Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to concepts of support, pillars, and things that are substantial or long. It also extends to meanings of anger, pain, and intensity, particularly in speed or physical stature.

This root primarily denotes deviation, turning away, or opposition, often with a sense of stubbornness or rebellion. It also extends to concepts of distance, avoidance, and sometimes, in a different semantic branch, presence or proximity.

This root primarily relates to grapes and raisins, with variations in meaning referring to the grape itself, the dried grape (raisin), or even the seeds of the grape. It also extends to describe a type of locust and, metaphorically, a wicked or ill-tempered woman.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a way, path, or means to achieve something. It signifies the absence of any such path or the presence of a means, often used in negation to express helplessness or lack of options.

This root primarily denotes clusters or bunches of things, particularly fruits or produce. It extends to describe a compact group or a specific type of formation, and metaphorically, it can refer to a compact, dark mass.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a specific type of marine fish. Its derivatives are not widely attested in classical or modern Arabic lexicons.

This root primarily concerns concepts of time, duration, and memory, often linked to periods of rain or specific eras. It also extends to notions of responsibility, guarantees, and the act of remembering or being accustomed to something.

The root عود (ʿawd) primarily relates to returning, repetition, and the concept of time or festivals. It also extends to specific tribal names, types of trees, plants, and even animal breeds, often with a connotation of being ancient or well-established.

This root primarily relates to the concept of returning, recurring, or a festival. It encompasses terms for celebrations, recurring events, and specific types of palm trees that have a distinct appearance.

This root primarily concerns swellings, lumps, or nodes in the body, particularly in animals like camels. It extends to describe a specific plague affecting camels and metaphorically relates to anger and swelling with rage.

This root primarily concerns sounds, particularly pleasant or musical ones, often associated with birdsong or singing. It extends to the act of making such sounds, whether by humans or animals, and can also refer to a type of truffle.

This root primarily denotes a type of thorny tree, specifically a large kind of acacia or similar shrub. It is also used to refer to the plant itself and is famously associated with a specific location in Medina.

This root describes the act of overpowering, dominating, or overcoming someone through verbal abuse, physical assault, or coercion. It also encompasses the feeling of being overcome or subdued, particularly by sleep.

This root appears to relate to qualities of sound and texture, specifically concerning loudness or softness, and the tenderness or succulence of plants. It also touches upon the idea of being smooth or yielding.

This root appears to relate to concepts of being aged, mature, or long-standing. It is used to describe something that has endured or is well-established, often with a connotation of being potent or effective due to its age.

The root غمد primarily relates to the concept of sheathing, covering, or concealing. This extends to the physical act of sheathing a sword, metaphorical covering with mercy or protection, and the idea of hiding or obscuring something. It also encompasses related concepts like a sword's scabbard, a well losing its water, and geographical locations.

This root primarily describes a state of gentle inclination, softness, and yielding, often associated with the neck, body, or plants. It conveys a sense of graceful movement and tender, supple qualities.

This root primarily concerns the act of cooking or roasting food, especially bread and meat, over embers or in hot ashes. It extends to the tools used for this purpose and the place where it is done. Figuratively, it relates to the heart (فؤاد) due to its perceived 'burning' or intense activity.

This root primarily relates to the inner lining or padding of objects, particularly garments and armor. It describes the act of lining something and the material used for it.

This root appears to relate to singularity, uniqueness, and being alone. It describes a person who is without siblings or offspring, and by extension, something that is solitary or unique.

This root primarily concerns loud sounds, intense actions, and abundance, particularly related to livestock. It extends to meanings of arrogance, harshness, and even cowardice, often linked to the intensity of one's voice or actions.

This root primarily describes desolate, rough, or elevated terrain. It also extends to concepts of firmness, solidity, and a specific type of sour, thickened milk. Figuratively, it can refer to a strong stride or a woman's name.

This root primarily relates to dried fruits, specifically raisins and dates, and also encompasses the fruit-bearing trees themselves. It can also refer to a reddish color, particularly associated with the fruit.

This root primarily deals with young cattle, specifically calves, and extends to celestial bodies, particularly stars. It also encompasses concepts related to sleep and duration.

This root primarily concerns the decorative patterns and inherent qualities of a sword, often described as its 'adornment' or 'essence'. It extends to the sword itself and, metaphorically, to other things of value or beauty, including fine fabrics and red roses. The root also denotes specific geographical locations and plants.

This root primarily describes a stout, well-built, and soft young boy. It also extends to refer to the young of lions and mountain goats, and is used as a tribal or personal name.

This root appears to be a variant or a corruption of the root 'فصد' (faṣada), related to cutting or bleeding. It is used in a specific idiom concerning achieving partial success or satisfaction.

This root primarily concerns the concept of corruption, decay, and ruin, contrasting with goodness and uprightness. It encompasses moral, physical, and societal deterioration, as well as the act of causing something to become corrupt or spoiled.

This root primarily concerns the act of cutting or incising, particularly veins or arteries, to draw blood. It extends to the blood drawn, its preparation, and metaphorical applications related to partial fulfillment or sustenance.

This root primarily concerns the concept of loss, absence, and searching for something or someone that is missing. It extends to the state of being lost, the act of searching, and specific terms related to bereavement and even a type of drink.

This root appears to be related to specific types of beverages, particularly fermented ones. The primary derived term refers to a type of wine made from a specific plant.

This root describes a young boy who is plump, well-developed, and on the verge of puberty. It also relates to the idea of filling or being full, specifically in the context of a cradle.

The root 'fahada' primarily relates to the cheetah, a known hunting animal. Derived meanings extend to the act of sleeping deeply, being sluggish, and metaphorically, being unaware or neglectful. It also encompasses specific physical features and objects, such as parts of a saddle and anatomical terms in animals.

This root primarily concerns the sides of the head, particularly the hair near the ears, and by extension, the sides of things. It also extends to the concept of death and acquiring something.

The root فيد (f-y-d) primarily relates to the concept of gaining, benefiting, and acquiring, especially in terms of wealth or knowledge. It also extends to meanings of strutting, dying, and specific natural phenomena like saffron or the sound of certain animals.

This root primarily concerns a thorny, hardy desert shrub called 'al-qataad'. It also describes the process of preparing this shrub for animal fodder, particularly during times of drought, and the resulting ailments animals might suffer from consuming it. Additionally, the root extends to parts of a camel saddle and geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to abundance, particularly of livestock and their products, and also to a state of being plentiful or rich. It can also refer to the remnants or refuse of something, or to inferior possessions.

This root primarily concerns a type of melon or cucumber, specifically a round variety. It also extends to the act of cutting or dividing, metaphorically related to the preparation of this produce.

This root appears to relate to household furnishings and possibly a type of fabric or covering. It is primarily associated with the interior of a dwelling.

This root primarily concerns the hump of a camel, specifically its origin, fat, or the entire hump. It also extends to describe a camel with a large hump and, metaphorically, a solitary or unique individual. Some related terms refer to the base of the hump or similar anatomical features.

This root primarily denotes the act of cutting, splitting, or severing, often lengthwise. It extends to concepts of division, separation, and fragmentation, both physically and metaphorically. Derived terms also encompass specific items made by cutting, such as leather straps, dried meat, and even clothing, as well as abstract qualities like distinct groups or methods.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sufficiency, often expressed by the interjection 'qad' or 'qadd'. It also touches upon the grammatical function of the particle 'nun al-wiqayah' (the protective nunation) and its application to various words, including particles and verbs.

The root قرد primarily relates to the back, specifically the spine or prominent parts of it. It also extends to concepts of shortness, a specific location, and a type of hardship.