Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the concept of having a cold or nasal congestion. It describes the state of being afflicted with a cold and the condition itself.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense anger or rage. It also extends to the act of provoking someone into anger by reminding them of something offensive.

This entry primarily defines 'ضرغد' as a proper noun referring to a mountain or a place with water and palm trees. It also discusses related geographical names and poetic usage.

This root pertains to the act of constricting or squeezing, specifically focusing on the throat. It describes a forceful pressing or throttling action.

This root primarily relates to striking, particularly with the palm of the hand or the buttocks. It also extends to descriptions of physical bulkiness, heaviness, and a combination of corpulence with foolishness.

This root describes a state of being soft, flabby, and heavy, often associated with a person who is large, slow, and possibly foolish. It can also refer to a general sense of looseness or slackness.

This root primarily concerns the act of binding, bandaging, or tying something, especially to treat a wound or injury. It extends to the materials used for binding and the general concept of securing or fastening.

This root primarily concerns oppression, injustice, and subjugation. It describes the act of wronging someone, being wronged, and the state of being oppressed, humiliated, and forced. It also touches upon concepts of dominance and harshness.

This root primarily concerns the Arabic letter 'ض' (ḍād), its unique status among Arabic letters, and its association with the Arabic language and people. It also touches upon concepts of opposition, contention, and nonsensical or empty speech.

This root primarily denotes large, elevated landforms like mountains and hills. It also extends to concepts of firmness, stability, and movement, particularly in the context of travel and seeking sustenance.

This root primarily relates to servitude, worship, and being a slave or servant. It extends to concepts of devotion, obedience, and belonging to a group or cause. Derived terms can also refer to specific places, individuals, or tribal affiliations.

The root 'عبرد' describes qualities of softness, tenderness, and a yielding or trembling nature. It is applied to plants, fats, women, and young girls, often indicating a delicate or even poor-quality state due to excessive softness or moisture.

This root primarily concerns the concept of preparation, readiness, and provision. It extends to objects that are prepared or readily available, as well as specific containers for personal items. It also describes a well-built, swift horse and a young goat.

This root appears to relate to a place or location. The primary entry defines it as a specific place.

This root primarily relates to dried grapes (raisins) and their seeds. It also extends to describe crows, possibly due to a perceived similarity in color or texture to dried fruit.

This root primarily relates to concepts of nakedness, bareness, and being stripped. It extends to describe something or someone as lean, swift, or unadorned. It also appears in names of people and groups.

This root appears to relate to thickened or curdled milk. The primary meaning revolves around milk that has become solid or clotted.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of preparation, readiness, and provision. It extends to meanings of abundance, permanence, and quantity, particularly related to water and resources. It also encompasses notions of time, lineage, and sound.

The root عرد (ʿrd) primarily denotes concepts of firmness, intensity, uprightness, and robustness. It extends to describe things that are strong, stiff, or stand out, including physical objects, plants, and even human attributes and actions.

This root primarily describes a type of snake, often characterized as light, puffed up, or venomous. It extends to describe a person who is wicked, quarrelsome, or ill-mannered, particularly when drunk, and also refers to rough ground.

This root primarily deals with the initial stages of fruit development, specifically for grapes and dates. It refers to the stem or cluster of the fruit as it begins to form, before it fully matures.

This root primarily relates to the act of twisting or braiding, particularly with great intensity. It describes the process of tightly binding or intertwining things, such as ropes or similar fibrous materials.

This root primarily concerns the act of sexual intercourse. It is used to describe the act itself and the verb form for engaging in it.

The root عسد primarily relates to the concept of tightening, strengthening, or firming, particularly in the context of twisting ropes. It extends metaphorically to describe strength and intensity in humans and animals, and also refers to various small creatures found in the desert.

The root عسجد primarily relates to gold and precious substances. It also extends to concepts of value, luxury, and specific entities associated with wealth, such as royal mounts and even certain places or animals.

This root appears to describe a tall, foolish, or clumsy man. It focuses on physical stature combined with a lack of intelligence or grace.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, or bringing together.

The root عصد primarily relates to twisting, turning, or bending something. This extends to meanings of mixing, preparing food, and even sexual intercourse. It also encompasses concepts of duration, intensity, and difficulty, particularly in the context of war or hardship.

This root pertains to qualities of hardness, firmness, and strength. It describes things that are solid, unyielding, and robust, often implying a rugged or tough nature.

This root primarily denotes intensity, difficulty, and arduousness. It extends to concepts of length, height, and a broad, open path, all implying a challenging or extensive nature.

This root primarily relates to concepts of height, length, and extension, often applied to physical attributes like camels, people, or paths. It also extends to the name of a celestial body and a tribal affiliation.

This root appears to relate to concepts of speed, swiftness, and endurance, particularly in the context of movement or time. It describes a fast pace and a long duration.

This root primarily describes a specific type of leap or jump, often characterized by the legs being brought together. It also denotes a bird resembling a pigeon and, more significantly, a practice of self-imposed isolation leading to death by starvation, often as a form of extreme asceticism or despair.

This root primarily concerns the concept of binding, tying, or fastening, extending to agreements, contracts, and resolutions. It also encompasses ideas of strengthening, securing, and resolving matters, as well as physical knots and clusters.

The root عكد (ʿakad) primarily relates to the concept of binding, knotting, or a central, thick part. It extends to meanings of firmness, solidity, and the core or origin of something, including abstract concepts like the ultimate goal or determination.

This root describes the state of being fat, stout, and strong. It is primarily used for humans and animals that have gained significant weight and bulk, indicating a robust and well-fed condition.

This root primarily describes something thick, viscous, or coagulated, particularly in the context of milk. It also extends to describe a strong, stout, or robust build in animals and humans, especially concerning the neck and back.

This root primarily describes concepts of firmness, rigidity, thickness, and strength, often applied to physical attributes like the neck or body. It also extends to meanings of stubbornness, immobility, and being aged or mature.

This root primarily describes something that is thick, strong, and robust, particularly in the context of animals like camels, or in physical attributes like the neck and back. It can also refer to a stubborn, loud, or unpleasant old woman, or a cunning and difficult person.

This root primarily describes something large, tall, and robust, particularly referring to camels. It extends to describe a person as strong and unyielding, and also denotes a place that is desolate or difficult to reach.

This root appears to relate to the concept of nurturing, raising, or caring for a child, particularly in terms of providing good sustenance and ensuring their proper upbringing. It emphasizes the act of making something grow and thrive through careful attention.