Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of moving away, departing, or ceasing to be. It encompasses notions of displacement, removal, and the passing of something, whether physical or abstract.

The root سبح (s-b-ḥ) primarily relates to swimming and moving through water. It extends metaphorically to concepts of flowing, running, and moving freely, as well as to the act of glorifying God through praise and purification. It also encompasses notions of leisure, spaciousness, and the divine majesty.

The root سبح primarily relates to glorifying God, particularly through prayer and voluntary acts of worship. It also extends to meanings of swimming, sleeping, stillness, and movement or spreading out.

This root primarily relates to qualities of gentleness, ease, and moderation, particularly in physical appearance, disposition, and movement. It extends to concepts of straightforwardness, smooth paths, and generous forgiveness.

This root primarily describes states of being very fat or intensely flowing, particularly of liquids like water, tears, or blood. It also extends to concepts of abundance, speed, and intensity in various contexts, including weather, animals, and even abstract concepts like oaths.

The root سدح primarily relates to the act of laying something down flat, often with force, or causing it to lie down. It extends to meanings of slaughtering, prostrating, and even to concepts of abundance and settling.

The root 'سرح' primarily relates to the movement and release of livestock to pasture, encompassing the act of letting them graze, the pasture itself, and the animals that graze. It extends to concepts of ease, flow, and release in various contexts, including the flow of liquids, the ease of childbirth, and the release of a spouse through divorce.

This root primarily relates to the concept of spreading, flowing, or moving freely, often associated with animals like wolves or lions, but also with swiftness in horses and the movement of locusts. It can also denote length or tallness in people.

This root appears to describe something that is generous, bountiful, or expansive, particularly in relation to land.

This root appears to relate to a state of being equal, level, or aligned. It is used metaphorically to describe people whose dispositions or moral qualities are consistent and balanced.

This root primarily describes things that are long, large, or abundant, particularly in the context of animals (camels) and land features. It can also refer to a place that is soft, level, and fertile.

The root 'سطح' primarily relates to the concept of flatness, spreading out, and lying prone. It encompasses actions like laying something flat, the state of being spread out or flattened, and physical conditions of weakness or immobility associated with being spread out. It also extends to architectural features like flat roofs and natural formations like flat rocks.

The root سفح primarily relates to the pouring or flowing of liquids, especially blood and tears. It extends to concepts of shedding, spilling, and uncontrolled release. Figuratively, it encompasses illicit sexual relations and, in specific contexts, refers to parts of a mountain, soft rocks, or even a title.

This root primarily deals with the concept of baldness, specifically a receding hairline or baldness on the crown of the head. It also has a regional association with Yemen.

This root primarily concerns instruments of war and defense, evolving to include concepts of preparedness, guarding, and even physical well-being or fatness that serves as a form of protection. It also extends to specific plants and geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of being wide, broad, and extended, both in terms of physical dimensions and spatial extent. It also encompasses the idea of lying down flat, particularly on one's back or face.

This root primarily concerns generosity, ease, and yielding. It encompasses concepts of giving freely, being lenient, agreeable, and compliant. It also extends to notions of spaciousness and ease in practical matters.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something appearing or coming from the right side, often associated with omens and portents, particularly in birds and animals. It also extends to the idea of something presenting itself or occurring by chance, and by extension, to misfortune or being turned away from a goal.

This root appears to relate to spaciousness or wideness, particularly in reference to the vulva of a female camel. It also seems to describe a type of camel or a characteristic of camels.

This root primarily relates to open spaces, courtyards, and surrounding areas. It encompasses the concept of an open expanse within or around a dwelling, as well as a general vicinity or region.

The root سيح (s-y-ḥ) primarily relates to flowing water, particularly surface water. It extends to the concept of moving across the land, often with connotations of wandering, religious devotion, or spreading mischief. The root also encompasses descriptions of striped patterns and expansion.

The root شبح (shabaḥa) primarily relates to the appearance of a form or shape, often something seen or perceived. It extends to concepts of stretching, widening, and making something visible or prominent, sometimes in the context of punishment or display.

This root appears to be related to a specific bird, the magpie, and its name. It is primarily used in classical Arabic texts to identify this creature.

This root primarily denotes stinginess, avarice, and miserliness, often with an added element of intense desire or eagerness. It extends to concepts of being reluctant, holding back, and can also describe things that are scarce, difficult, or unyielding, such as water or fire.

This root primarily relates to stretching out, spreading, or lying down with legs apart. It also extends to concepts of spaciousness, abundance, and the belongings of a woman.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being long or extended, particularly in the context of a female camel.

The root شرح (sh-r-ḥ) primarily relates to the physical act of cutting, slicing, or dissecting, particularly meat. It extends metaphorically to concepts of opening, clarifying, explaining, and expanding, especially in relation to the chest and understanding.

This root appears to describe something broad, wide, or expansive, particularly in relation to physical attributes like feet or possibly the body.

This root primarily concerns exceeding limits, going beyond the ordinary, and deviating from the norm. It encompasses concepts of extravagance, excess, and unusual or excessive behavior, often in a negative or surprising way.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being wide, expansive, or spread out, particularly in a physical or spatial sense. It can describe the breadth of something, such as a valley or a garment, and by extension, can imply generosity or abundance.

This root describes tallness and strength, particularly in men, and also tallness and lightness of body in women. It is used to denote a strong, tall man and a tall, slender woman.

This root primarily describes characteristics of coarseness, thickness, and largeness, particularly related to physical features like lips and nostrils. It also extends to describe a type of plant and its fruit.

This root primarily relates to the ripening and coloring of dates, specifically turning red and yellow. It also extends to concepts of breaking, cracking, and being broken or distant. Additionally, it encompasses terms for a dog's behavior and anatomy, and a negative state of being, often associated with ugliness or illness.

This root primarily relates to swords and stripping or robbing people of their clothes. It also encompasses the idea of being stripped bare, often in the context of highway robbery or being exposed.

This root primarily describes tallness, largeness, and elongation, often applied to animals like camels and falcons, but also to humans. It can also denote intoxication.

The root شيح primarily relates to concepts of seriousness, caution, and diligence, often in the context of action or movement. It extends to meanings of being alert, guarding, and moving with purpose. It also encompasses a specific type of plant and a type of Yemeni fabric.

This root primarily concerns the early part of the day, from dawn to morning. It encompasses concepts related to the time of day itself, actions performed during that time, and the morning meal or drink.

This root primarily relates to the morning, dawn, and the time around it. It also extends to colors, particularly reddish hues, and to light or brightness, including lamps and the gleam of metal. Additionally, it encompasses concepts of beauty and handsomeness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of health, soundness, and correctness. It extends to notions of being free from defects, illness, or errors, and also describes land that is flat, barren, and firm.

This root primarily concerns the concept of making a loud, clear, or resonant sound, particularly in the context of singing, calling, or the vocalizations of animals like birds and donkeys. It also extends to descriptions of intense sound, and metaphorically to certain types of objects or places.

The root صرح (ṣaraḥa) primarily relates to clarity, purity, and openness. It extends to concepts of being unmixed, genuine, and evident, contrasting with concealment or ambiguity. It also encompasses physical structures like tall buildings and open, level ground.

This root primarily describes vast, barren, and flat expanses of land, often implying emptiness and a lack of vegetation. It can also refer to a hard or solid place, and by extension, something intense or severe.

This root pertains to the concept of hardness and solidity, particularly in relation to a place or surface. It describes a firm, unyielding ground or location.

This root pertains to intense argumentation, strong voices, and a confrontational or aggressive stance in disputes. It describes someone who is formidable in their opposition and vocal in their arguments.

This root describes someone who is bold, strong-willed, and formidable in argument or presence. It also extends to meanings of being cunning, shrewd, or even charming and witty.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a broad, flat surface, often a side or a plain. It extends to meanings of turning away, forgiveness, and also refers to specific geographical locations and celestial bodies.

This root primarily relates to baldness or a bald head. It describes the state of being bald and individuals who are bald, with a specific dialectal attribution.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of goodness, righteousness, and peace, contrasting with corruption and discord. It encompasses states of being well, acting virtuously, and achieving reconciliation or agreement between parties.

This root primarily describes hardness, solidity, and robustness, often applied to inanimate objects like stones or to female animals and young women to denote their strength and sturdiness.