Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to affliction, calamity, and disaster. It can also refer to specific geographical locations, particularly rivers or valleys.

This root appears to describe something short or stunted, particularly in relation to a woman's stature. It is used to denote a short, compact build.

This root primarily deals with concepts related to women's private parts, specifically the vulva, and by extension, things that are full or abundant. It also touches upon the idea of something being permissible or lawful, particularly in contrast to unlawful things.

This root pertains to sounds and vocalizations, specifically those associated with animals, particularly sheep or goats. It describes the act of making such sounds, often in a context of calling or driving them.

The root دبح primarily relates to the physical act of bending or stooping, particularly the back and head. This can manifest in various contexts, including posture during movement, prayer, or even as a metaphor for submission or weakness.

The root دحح primarily relates to the act of pressing, pushing, or placing something firmly on the ground, often with an implication of embedding or making it stick. It also extends to meanings of expansion, filling, and a stout or short physical build.

This root primarily describes physical bulkiness, stoutness, and corpulence, often associated with age or a specific physical build. It can also refer to extreme old age and the resulting physical decline.

This root primarily describes the act of stooping, bowing, or lowering one's back. It also extends to the metaphorical sense of humility and submissiveness.

This root describes something that is wide, broad, or stout, often associated with age or a worn-out state. It can refer to people, animals, or even teeth, implying a lack of agility or a diminished capacity due to age or wear.

This root describes the act of walking with a heavy load, causing a slow, burdened gait. It extends to describe anything heavily laden, whether a person, animal, or even a cloud, and also refers to a specific way of carrying items together.

This root describes the act of stooping or bending one's back, often implying humility or submission. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to denote a physical posture of lowering the head and back.

This root appears to relate to humility, bowing the head, and subjugation. It also has a specific meaning related to a Christian festival, though its authenticity as a purely Arabic word is questioned.

This root primarily concerns the concept of largeness, vastness, and spreading, particularly in relation to trees and physical size. It extends to metaphorical uses like a large tent or a spreading belly, and even to abstract concepts like the world.

The root 'ديح' appears to relate to concepts of staying, residing, and distributing or scattering. It also has a specific meaning related to locusts.

This root appears to relate to the action of inflating or blowing air into something, specifically a waterskin. It is a very limited root with few attested derivatives.

The root ذبح (d-b-ḥ) primarily concerns the act of slaughtering an animal by cutting the throat. It extends to the animal that has been slaughtered, the instrument used for slaughter, and metaphorically to destruction, peril, or severe throat ailments. The concept also encompasses the idea of cutting or splitting in a general sense.

This root primarily describes physical characteristics, specifically shortness and stoutness in people. It also extends to meanings related to wind action and a specific type of fissure or impact.

This root appears to describe a specific type of premature ejaculation or a person who experiences it. It focuses on the act of reaching sexual climax before actual intercourse.

This root primarily relates to adding a small amount of something, often water, to a substance, particularly milk or saffron. It also extends to concepts of intense color, specific breeds or origins, and poisonous insects or substances.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being inclined towards or actively seeking out evil or mischief. It describes someone who is eager for or involved in bad deeds.

This root primarily concerns the forceful and rapid movement or gathering of animals, particularly livestock. It describes driving them intensely, scattering them, or causing them to move swiftly and violently. It can also refer to the act of separating or dispersing things.

This root primarily relates to the concept of arrogance, pride, and haughtiness. It describes a state of being puffed up with self-importance, often leading to insolent behavior.

This root primarily concerns profit, gain, and increase, especially in trade and commerce. It extends to concepts of growth, advantage, and sometimes refers to specific animals or places associated with gain.

This root primarily concerns the concept of weight, balance, and heaviness. It extends to notions of being weighty in character (like being prudent or mature), and also to physical swaying or oscillation, such as a swing or the movement of a camel.

This root primarily concerns the concept of wideness, spaciousness, and flatness, often applied to physical objects like hooves, feet, and containers. It can also denote a lack of depth or a broad, unhindered expanse.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spreading, flattening, or making something wide and level. It extends to describing things that are large, heavy, or substantial, including physical objects, abstract concepts like tribulations, and even people or animals with large physiques.

This root primarily describes extreme weakness, emaciation, and collapse, often due to exhaustion or illness, particularly in camels. It extends to concepts of falling, being brought down, and supporting or lifting fallen objects.

This root describes a lack of flesh or substance, particularly in the buttocks and hips. It is applied to people, animals, and even abstract concepts to denote thinness, leanness, or a lack of development.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'sweat' or 'perspiration', and by extension, anything that oozes or seeps out gradually. It extends to meanings of nurturing, preparing, or qualifying someone for a role, and also describes animals that are strong enough to walk or move.

This root primarily relates to the shape and form of the buttocks and hips, specifically describing them as protruding or wide. It also touches upon the concept of being light in flesh in that area, and can be used metaphorically for a general lack of substance or a slight build.

The root رضح (raḍaḥa) primarily denotes the act of crushing, breaking, or pounding, often with a stone. It extends to meanings of something small, scarce, or a light impact, particularly in relation to news or gifts.

The root 'رفح' primarily relates to a specific physical characteristic of cattle horns, describing their shape and position relative to the ears. It also appears in a less common usage related to well-wishing for newlyweds, possibly as a dialectal or phonetic variation of another root.

This root primarily concerns the improvement, management, and increase of livelihood, wealth, or resources. It encompasses concepts of earning, trading, and making things flourish or grow.

This root primarily relates to concepts of sides, edges, and corners, particularly of elevated or prominent places like mountains or courtyards. It also extends to meanings of leaning, relying upon, lingering, and expanding or making space.

This root primarily concerns the spear, its use, and related concepts. It extends to actions of piercing or striking with a spear, and metaphorically to forceful actions, defense, or even disease. It also encompasses related physical attributes like horns or sharp points, and astronomical terms.

This root primarily concerns the concept of swaying, staggering, or reeling, often due to intoxication, illness, weakness, or emotional distress. It can also describe a circular or unsteady movement.

The root 'روح' primarily relates to concepts of movement, alternation, and rest. It extends to physical characteristics like spaciousness or a particular gait, as well as botanical terms for new growth and the passage of time.

This root primarily relates to concepts of spaciousness, generosity, and pleasantness, often associated with a broad disposition or a wide expanse. It also extends to terms for wine and specific geographical locations, with some derivations possibly linked to movement or lightness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of moving, pushing, or drawing something away from a place or position. It encompasses notions of displacement, distancing, and being moved or kept away, often with a sense of urgency or effort.

This root primarily relates to concepts of small elevations or mounds, particularly those that do not retain water. It also touches upon the idea of being energetic or quick in movement.

This root appears to describe the sound made by a monkey. It is a very limited root with few attested derivations.

This root primarily relates to concepts of falsehood, emptiness, and flatness. It also extends to meanings of feeding or providing sustenance, and describes objects or places that are wide, shallow, or un-deep.

This root primarily describes negative attributes of people, including weakness, shortness, ugliness, meanness, and ill-temper. It also refers to a specific type of bird with ominous connotations and a tool used for hunting birds.

This root primarily concerns the act of pushing, shoving, or driving someone or something. It extends to concepts of rapid consumption of liquids, forceful interaction, and boastful or excessive speech. It can also refer to those who are equivalent or matched in their actions, whether good or bad.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of separation, moving away, and displacement. It can refer to the scattering or gathering of animals, the act of moving aside or being moved, and the general idea of departure or going away.