Taj al-Arus (Zabidi, d. 1205H)

This root primarily deals with the concept of days, specifically the naming of Saturday in pre-Islamic Arabia. It also touches upon the grammatical treatment of certain words and their plurals.

This root appears to relate to places and possibly a specific type of action or event associated with them. The primary focus is on geographical locations, specifically two places named 'صوأر' and 'صؤار', with one being a significant location in the desert and the other near Medina.

The root صبر (ṣ-b-r) primarily denotes the concept of holding back, restraining, or confining. This extends to enduring hardship, patience in the face of adversity, and self-control. It also encompasses meanings related to confinement for punishment or death, and in a legal context, being compelled to swear an oath.

This root primarily concerns deserts, open spaces, and barren land. It extends to concepts of exposure, revealing, and also describes colors ranging from pale to reddish-brown, and certain animal characteristics. Additionally, it denotes specific places, a type of food, and sounds.

The root صخر (ṣ-kh-r) primarily relates to large, hard stones, specifically 'ṣakhrah' (rock). It extends to concepts of hardness, immovability, and by extension, to names, places, and even abstract qualities like impudence. The root also encompasses terms for specific plants, geographical locations, and historical figures.

This root primarily concerns the concept of the chest or breast, but extends metaphorically to leadership, precedence, and the beginning or source of things. It also encompasses movement, particularly returning or departing from a place.

This root primarily relates to intense cold that harms plants and animals, and also to loud, intense cries or shouts.

This root primarily relates to the concept of lines, writing, and arrangement, with some derived meanings extending to specific types of wine and livestock. The core idea revolves around forming a line or row, which can be applied literally to text or figuratively to other concepts.

This root primarily deals with the concept of tilting, inclining, or turning away, often associated with arrogance or a physical ailment. It extends to descriptions of physical characteristics, specific ailments in animals, and geographical locations.

This root appears to relate to smallness, specifically a small head, and also to a type of tree.

This root primarily refers to a type of aromatic herb, commonly known as thyme. It also extends to meanings related to adornment, difficulty, and is used in names of people and places.

This root primarily describes the rapid scattering, fleeing, and dispersal of animals, particularly wild asses and goats, often triggered by fear. It can also refer to the twisting or turning of a neck.

This root primarily relates to the concept of twisting, bending, or contorting, often associated with physical posture or movement. It can also describe a state of being scattered or dispersed, and in a specific derived form, it signifies vigorous or rapid movement.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of fish eggs. It is noted as being mentioned by Al-Saghani but omitted by Al-Lisān.

This root appears to relate to devices for lifting or drawing water, specifically a type of well mechanism or bucket. It also seems to have connections to small birds.

This root primarily deals with the concept of smallness, both in physical size and in stature or importance. It encompasses notions of youth, insignificance, humility, and being junior. It also extends to the opposite of greatness and can describe a state of being diminished or humbled.

The root 'ṣ-f-r' primarily relates to the color yellow, but extends to concepts of emptiness, hunger, and a specific month. It encompasses various shades of yellow, the state of being empty, and even names of places, plants, and animals associated with these meanings.

This root primarily describes cold, bitter, or stagnant water. It also extends to the act of shouting into someone's ear and the effect of sun on locusts. Additionally, it refers to dried cheese products.

This root appears to primarily refer to a specific type of fish, described as snake-like. It is mentioned in a classical context, possibly related to dietary restrictions.

The root صمر (ṣmr) primarily relates to stinginess, withholding, and scarcity. It also extends to concepts of flowing water that stills, the act of basking in the sun, and the smell of something unpleasant or, conversely, fresh musk. Additionally, it denotes specific geographical locations, plants, and physical descriptions.

This root primarily relates to descriptions of intensity, harshness, and negative qualities. It extends to terms for specific types of snakes, geographical features, and personal names, including those of animals.

This root appears to describe intensification or extreme states, particularly related to sourness, heat, and a feeling of being heated or chilled.

This root primarily deals with terms related to plants, specifically trees, and also extends to objects like the spindle and its parts. It further encompasses negative human characteristics such as bad temper and poor manners, and includes place names.

The root صنبر (ṣanbara) primarily relates to the concept of being solitary, weak, or isolated, often applied to a date palm that is detached or grows unusually. It extends to describe a weak, insignificant, or orphaned person, and also refers to specific parts of a date palm or water channels. The root also encompasses terms for cold or hot winds and specific days.

This root appears to describe things that are large, stout, or perhaps foolish. It is used for large animals, tall men, and also for unripe or dried fruit, and a foolish person.

This root appears to describe a person with a bad disposition or character. It is a rare root, with limited usage and discussion in classical Arabic dictionaries.

This root entry is very brief and appears to be an addendum. It primarily defines a specific tree and its alternative name.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being pure, select, or separated from something. It also extends to terms for a remote or desolate place and a specific lineage or lack thereof.

This root primarily concerns the concept of form, shape, and image. It extends to the act of forming, depicting, and imagining, as well as the resulting visual representation. It also encompasses related concepts like likeness, appearance, and even metaphorical senses of inclination or desire.

The root صهر primarily relates to kinship through marriage, specifically in-laws and relatives by marriage. It also extends to the concept of melting, intense heat, and by extension, the grave.

The root ضبر (ḍ-b-r) primarily relates to the concepts of gathering, collecting, and compacting. It extends to physical attributes like being well-built or muscular, and also describes specific actions like a horse's powerful leap or the stacking of objects.

This root appears to describe qualities of strength, robustness, and intensity, primarily applied to animals like lions and camels, and by extension to humans.

This root appears to be an obscure, possibly artificial, formation used to describe various qualities and objects. The derived terms primarily denote physical attributes like tallness and strength, as well as negative characteristics such as foolishness and being cursed. It also extends to specific objects like a scarecrow for birds and a method of carrying something on the head.

This root primarily concerns feelings of annoyance, impatience, and boredom. It extends to describe a state of being vexed, restless, or having a narrow disposition. The root also has applications to the sounds and behaviors of animals, particularly camels, and to the description of constricted spaces.

This root primarily describes the state of being full or overflowing, particularly when referring to containers like waterskins or gourds. It can also describe the action of filling something to capacity.

This root appears to relate to elevated landforms, specifically hills or mounds, and places associated with them. It also seems to denote specific locations or regions named after these features.

This root primarily describes men of large stature, often with negative connotations of being clumsy, foolish, or ignoble. It also extends to terms for a stationary merchant, someone entering the market without capital, and a term for hunger or foolish people.

This root appears to be related to poultry, specifically chickens. It is primarily used in a classical context, with the plural form referring to chickens.

This root appears to relate to a specific geographical location, possibly a place name or a description of a place. The primary derived lemma points to a location near Medina.

The root ضفر (ḍafara) primarily relates to the concept of intertwining, weaving, or braiding. This extends to physical actions like twisting ropes, braiding hair, and building with stones. It also encompasses metaphorical meanings of cooperation, speed, and even the accumulation of sand.

This root appears to be related to the concept of an old, ugly, and deformed lizard, specifically a type of lizard known as a 'ḍabb'. The term describes a creature that is aged and physically unappealing.

The root ضمر (ḍamara) primarily relates to thinness, leanness, and emaciation, often associated with animals like horses and camels. It also extends to concepts of concealment, hiddenness, and things that are diminished or lost, including abstract notions like secrets and intentions, as well as physical things like withered grapes or depleted water.