Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)
5,612 root entries translated · page 67 of 113
- ريف6 lemmassihah_003300
This root primarily concerns the concept of fertile land, often associated with agriculture and grazing. It extends to the idea of inhabiting or reaching such lands, and the land itself being fertile.
الرِّيف — land with cultivation and fertilityأَرْيَاف — plural of rīfرَاعَتْ — grazedأَرِفْنَا — we arrived atأَخْصَبَتْ — the land became fertile - زءف3 lemmassihah_003301
This root primarily relates to the concept of being hastened or urged forward, often due to an internal or external pressure. It can also describe a state of being weighed down or burdened, hindering movement.
زَأَفَ — to hastenزَأْفًا — hasteningأَزْأَفَ — to weigh down - زحف14 lemmassihah_003302
The root زحف (z-h-f) primarily denotes slow, creeping, or dragging movement, often associated with ground-level locomotion. It extends to describe the movement of armies, the trajectory of projectiles, and the unsteady gait of animals or people when exhausted. The concept also encompasses the spread of fire.
زَحَفَ — he crawled towards himزَحْفًا — crawlingزاحِف — crawlingزَحْف — he crawled towards himزَوَاحِف — crawlers - زحلف6 lemmassihah_003303
This root primarily concerns the concept of sliding, slipping, or moving downwards along a surface, often with a sense of effort or a smooth, inclined path. It extends to the traces left by such movement and the act of pushing or causing something to slide.
الزَّحْلُوفَة — sliding tracksزَحَالِف — sliding tracks (pl.)زَحَالِيف — sliding tracks (pl.)تَزَحَلَّفَ — to slide downزَحْلَفَ — to cause to slide - زخرف3 lemmassihah_003304
This root primarily concerns decoration, adornment, and embellishment, often implying artificiality or falsification. It extends to the appearance of things, including patterns, designs, and even the flow of water.
الزخرف — goldمزخرف — decoratedزخارف — patterns - زرف10 lemmassihah_003305
This root primarily relates to speed and swiftness, particularly in movement. It also extends to the concept of a wound reopening or festering, and to a collective group of people or animals.
أَزْرَفَ — to hastenزَرْف — reopening of a woundزَرَفَ — to reopen (wound)زَرْفَة — groupزَرُوف — swift - زعف7 lemmassihah_003306
This root primarily deals with the concept of swift, sudden, and deadly action, often associated with killing or a rapid, overwhelming force. It also extends to describe something short or peripheral, like the extremities of an animal hide.
زَعَفَ — to kill instantlyزَعْفًا — instant killingأَزْعَفَ — to kill swiftlyزُعَاف — deadly poisonذُؤَاف — deadly poison (variant) - زعف5 lemmassihah_003307
This root primarily relates to softness, flexibility, and expansion, particularly in the context of armor. It also extends to meanings of exaggeration in speech and excessive desire or greed.
الزِّغْفَةُ — soft armorزَغَفَ — to exaggerateمُزَغِّفٌ — greedyزَغْفٌ — soft armor (plural)زُغُفٌ — soft armor (plural) - زفف18 lemmassihah_003308
This root primarily concerns the concept of swiftness, speed, and rapid movement. It also extends to describe the fine down of birds and the movement of a bride to her groom.
زَفّ — he escorted the bride to her husbandأَزَفّ — the departure drew nearزَفَّ — he escorted the bride to her husbandزَفّاً — swift movementزِفَافاً — verbal noun of zaffa - زلف10 lemmassihah_003309
The root Z-L-F primarily relates to closeness, proximity, and advancement. It encompasses concepts of nearness in space and status, as well as moving forward or approaching.
الزلفة — a portion of the beginning of the nightزلف — plural of zulfaالمزالف — borderlandsمزلفة — borderlandأزلفه — he brought him near - زهف9 lemmassihah_003310
This root primarily concerns concepts of haste, rushing, and impetuosity, often leading to recklessness or destruction. It also extends to meanings of deception and being overcome or struck down.
الزَّهْف — hasteازْدَهَفَهُ — to rush intoازْدِهَاف — impetuosityازْدَهَفَ — to enterأَزْهَفَ لهُ حَدِيثًا — to lie - زيف7 lemmassihah_003311
This root primarily describes a type of proud, strutting, or swaggering gait, often associated with camels and birds. It also extends to the concept of something being counterfeit or false, particularly in relation to currency.
زَافَ — to strutيَزِيفُ — to strutزِيَافَة — strutting camelزَائِف — a counterfeit dirhamدِرْهَم زَيْف — counterfeit dirham - ساف4 lemmassihah_003312
This root primarily describes a state of cracking, splitting, or becoming rough and chapped, particularly concerning skin or extremities like fingers.
سَئِفَ — to be chappedتَسْأَفُ — it (hand) is chappedسَأْفًا — chappingسَعِفَ — plural of saʿafa - سجف5 lemmassihah_003313
This root primarily relates to covering, veiling, and concealment, often associated with curtains or the darkness of night. It extends to the idea of sending something down or extending it, mirroring the way a curtain falls.
السِّجْف — curtainالسَّجْف — curtainأسْجَفَ — to send downالسِّجْفَيْن — door curtainsأسْجَفَ — night fell - سحف9 lemmassihah_003314
The root سحف primarily relates to concepts of scraping, peeling, or removing layers, often associated with fat or flesh. It also extends to meanings of erosion, sound, and illness.
السُّحْفَة — Fat layerسَحَفَ — To scrape fatسَحْفًا — Scraping fatالسَّحِيفَة — Scraped fatسَحُوف — Fat sheep/camel - سخف5 lemmassihah_003315
This root primarily concerns the concept of thinness, weakness, or flimsiness, extending to both physical frailty and intellectual deficiency. It describes a state of being meager, lacking substance, or being foolish.
سُحْفَة — thinness due to hungerسَخِفَ — to be foolishسَخَافَة — foolishnessسَخِيف — foolishسَاخَفَ — to act foolishly towards - سدف4 lemmassihah_003316
The root سدف (s-d-f) primarily relates to darkness and obscurity, but also encompasses its opposite, light, and the transitional states between them. It can also refer to specific parts of a camel or actions related to covering and opening.
السُّدْفَة — darknessالسُّدَف — darknessأسدف — to become darkالسُّدَيْف — camel's hump - سرف14 lemmassihah_003317
The root سرف (s-r-f) primarily relates to concepts of excess, extravagance, and deviation from the right course. It also encompasses meanings of oversight, error, and neglect, as well as specific terms for a type of insect and a place name.
السرف — the opposite of moderationسرفت — to neglectسرفاً — neglectسرف الفؤاد — erroneous of heartالاسراف — extravagance in spending is wastefulness - سرعف4 lemmassihah_003318
This root primarily describes things that are soft, light, and slender. It extends to describe a tall, slender woman and is used metaphorically for a swift horse. It also relates to nurturing and raising something well.
السُّرْعُوف — soft, light thingالسُّرْعُوفَة — tall, slender womanسَرْعَفَ — to nurture wellسَرْهَفَ — to nurture well - سعف15 lemmassihah_003319
This root primarily relates to growths, protrusions, and extensions, whether physical like branches or sores, or abstract like assistance and agreement. It also encompasses concepts of affliction and aiding.
السُّعْفَةُ — a palm branchسَعِفَ — plural of saʿafaمَسْعُوفٌ — afflicted with soresالسَّعْفَةُ — a palm branchسَعَفٌ — plural of saʿafa - سفف12 lemmassihah_003320
This root primarily concerns the act of taking something dry, often powdered or granular, by mouth. It extends to weaving, looking intently, and approaching closely, with a secondary meaning related to low quality or trivial matters.
السَّفِيف — saddle girthمَسْفُوفَة — wovenسَفَّفَ — to weaveأَسَفَّ — intense sorrowسَفُوف — with an open 'sīn' - سقف12 lemmassihah_003321
This root primarily relates to the concept of a ceiling or roof, extending to the sky as the ultimate 'roof'. It also encompasses related architectural elements, and metaphorically, a tall, stooping posture or a leader within a religious hierarchy.
سَقْف — with two 'ḍamma's according to Al-Akhfash, like 'kuhun' with two 'fatḥa's: and 'ruhun'سُقُوف — ceilings, roofsسَقِيف — like 'kutayyib' and 'kutub'سَقِيفَة — portico, covered shelterسَقَفَ — with two 'ḍamma's according to Al-Akhfash, like 'kuhun' with two 'fatḥa's: and 'ruhun' - سكف6 lemmassihah_003322
The root 'سكف' primarily relates to the concept of crafting, shoemaking, and the threshold of a door. It encompasses the artisan who makes shoes and the physical part of the door that one steps over.
الإِسْكَاف — one of the shoemakersالأَسَاكِفَة — shoemakersالأُسْكُوف — a variant pronunciation of itإِسْكَاف — craftsmanأَسْكَفَ — to make shoes - سلف20 lemmassihah_003323
The root سلف (salafa) primarily relates to the concept of preceding, going before, or being advanced in time or position. It extends to notions of leveling land, financial transactions involving prepayment, and familial lineage.
سَلَفَ — he leveled the ground (from the 'naṣara' verb pattern): he smoothed it with the 'mislafa'سَلَفَ — he leveled the ground (from the 'naṣara' verb pattern): he smoothed it with the 'mislafa'سَلَفَة — prepayment of foodسَلَف — he leveled the ground (from the 'naṣara' verb pattern): he smoothed it with the 'mislafa'أسْلَفَ — he paid in advance for such and such - سلحف3 lemmassihah_003324
This root primarily relates to the turtle and tortoise, encompassing its singular form, plural, and related descriptive terms. It also touches upon linguistic analysis of its formation.
السُّلَحْفَاة — turtle (with fatha on the lām)السَّلَاحِف — turtlesسُلَحْفِيَّة — turtle-like - سنف9 lemmassihah_003325
This root primarily relates to securing or tightening, particularly concerning a camel's saddle or girth. It extends metaphorically to firming up or resolving matters, and also describes specific parts of plants and animals.
سَنَف — leaf of the marakh plantسِنَاف — girth strapسِنَاف — camel's girth strapأَسْنَفَ — to tighten the girthأَسْنَفَ — to firm up matters - سيف15 lemmassihah_003326
The root سيف primarily relates to the sword, its use, and associated concepts. It extends to descriptions of tall, slender people, the edge of the sea, and fibrous material on palm trees.
السَّيْف — its plural is asyāf and suyūfأَسْيَاف — swordsسُيُوف — swordsسَيْفَان — tall and slenderسَيْفَانَة — tall and slender - شءف5 lemmassihah_003327
This root primarily deals with the concept of a painful affliction, specifically a sore or ulcer, and its eradication. It extends metaphorically to intense dislike or hatred, and the idea of complete removal or destruction.
الشَّأْفَة — a sore that appears on the sole of the foot, which is cauterized and then disappearsشَأْفًا — ulcerationشَئِفَ — to develop an ulcerشَأَفَ — he polished itشَئِفَ — to hate - شدف2 lemmassihah_003328
This root appears to relate to the concept of a person or individual. It is noted that the spelling might be a corruption of another word.
الشَّدْف — personشُدُوف — persons - شرف30 lemmassihah_003329
The root شرف (sh-r-f) primarily denotes elevation, high status, and nobility. It extends to concepts of being high, overlooking, and even to specific objects or places associated with height or prestige, such as high ground, elevated seats, or fine swords.
الشرف — height, high placeشريف — noble man, plural shurafāʾ and ashrāfشرفاء — nobles, honorable peopleأشراف — nobles, honorable peopleشرف — he became noble (from the verb pattern of ẓarufa) - شرسف2 lemmassihah_003330
This root primarily refers to the cartilaginous parts of the ribs, specifically their ends that extend towards the abdomen. It also describes a specific type of cartilage attached to each rib.
الشَّرَاسِيف — Rib cartilagesالشَّرْسُوف — Rib cartilage - شسف5 lemmassihah_003331
This root describes a state of extreme dryness, emaciation, and hardness, often applied to animals suffering from hunger or thirst, or to meat that has become desiccated.
الشَّاسِف — dry and emaciatedالشَّاسِب — dry and emaciatedشَسَفَ — to become dry and emaciatedشُسُوفًا — emaciationشَسِيف — dried out - شظف7 lemmassihah_003332
This root primarily denotes hardship, difficulty, and scarcity, particularly in the context of livelihood. It also extends to meanings of being tough, dry, or penetrating, often in a negative or harsh sense.
شَظَف — hardship, difficultyشَظَف — to be hard, difficultشَظَاف — hardship, difficultyشَظِيف — dry, tough (plant)شَظَفَ — to be dry, tough - شعف15 lemmassihah_003333
This root primarily relates to the peaks or summits of mountains. It extends to describe hair, particularly on the head, and metaphorically to intense love that consumes or afflicts the heart. It also has applications in describing actions like coating and refers to a specific place name.
الشَّعْفَة — mountain peakشُعُف — mountain peaksشُعُوف — mountain peaksشِعَاف — mountain peaksشَعَفَات — mountain peaks - شغف5 lemmassihah_003334
This root primarily concerns deep affection, love, and intense passion. It also extends to medical conditions related to the heart and its coverings, metaphorically representing the deepest part of something.
شَغَفَ — to captivateشَغَفٌ — deep loveشَغَافٌ — heart's coveringشُغِفَ — to be captivatedشَغِفٌ — passionate - شغف15 lemmassihah_003335
This root primarily deals with concepts of thinness, transparency, and permeability, often related to textiles or physical states. It also extends to meanings of excess, gain, and deficiency, as well as the sensation of cold and the act of consuming completely.
الشَّفّ بالفتح — thin veilالشَّفّ بالكسر — excess, profitشَفَّ — meaning, it became thin until what was beneath it could be seenشَفَّ عليه ثوبه — garment became thinشَفَّ جسمه — body became emaciated - شنف9 lemmassihah_003336
This root primarily concerns the concept of adornment, specifically earrings, and extends to meanings of dislike, aversion, and looking askance.
الشَّنَف — the upper earringشُنُوف — plural of shanfشَنَّفَ — he adorned the woman with earrings, so she wore themتَشَنَّفَ — To be adornedالشَّنَفُ — the upper earring - شنخف2 lemmassihah_003337
This root appears to describe something or someone that is tall or long. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote physical stature.
شَنَخِفٌ — meaning, tallشَنَخِفِين — tall - شوف11 lemmassihah_003338
This root primarily concerns the act of seeing, looking, and observing. It extends to concepts of adornment and beautification, as well as anticipation and longing. It also encompasses the idea of surveying or overlooking something.
شَافَ — he polished itمَشُوف — meaning, polishedتَشَوَّفَ — he looked out, he yearnedتَشْيِيف — to adornشَافَ — he polished it - صحف6 lemmassihah_003339
This root primarily relates to large, wide vessels for serving food, and secondarily to written texts, books, and the act of copying or making errors in them.
الصَّحْفَة — like a large bowlصُحُف — plural of sahifahصَحِيفَة — Written documentالمُصْحَف — derived from ashaf: meaning, the pages were gathered in itأَصْحَفَ — To gather writings - صدف8 lemmassihah_003340
This root primarily concerns the concept of turning away, deviating, or inclining. It also extends to meanings related to physical formations, such as shells, elevated landforms, and specific physical conformations in animals, as well as the act of encountering or finding someone.
صَدَفَ — he turned awayصَدُوف — a woman who turns awayأَصْدَفَ — to incline meصَدَفَة — the shell of the pearlصَدَف — he turned away - صرف36 lemmassihah_003341
The root صرف (ṣ-r-f) primarily deals with turning, diverting, changing, and spending. It encompasses concepts like repentance, trickery, managing affairs, the passage of time, and the exchange or purity of things, including money and liquids.
الصرف — repentanceصرف — meaning, pure, unmixedصرفا — Turning awayعدل — he acted justly towards him in the case (from the verb class 'daraba')يتصرف — he acts and manages affairs - صعف3 lemmassihah_003342
This root primarily relates to a specific type of Yemeni beverage made from crushed grapes that is allowed to ferment. It also touches upon the classification of this drink in relation to wine.
صَعِفَ — to make a drinkصَعْف — Yemeni grape drinkصَعْفَة — Yemeni grape drink (variant) - صفف19 lemmassihah_003343
The root صفف (ṣ-f-f) primarily relates to arranging things in rows or lines, forming ranks, and standing in order. It extends to concepts of alignment, positioning, and also to specific agricultural and culinary practices.
صَفّ — one of the rowsصَافُّوا — To form ranksمُصَافّ — plural of masaffمُصَافّ — plural of masaffصَفّ — one of the rows - صلف12 lemmassihah_003344
This root primarily concerns concepts of hardness, scarcity, and lack of favor or affection. It extends to describe unyielding land, meager sustenance, and a person or thing that is disliked or unsuccessful.
الصَّلْفَاء — Hard groundأَصْلَفَ — Hard (ground)الصَّلِيف — Side of the neckالصَّلَف — Scarcity of foodصَلِف — exceeding the bounds of elegance and claiming more than that out of arrogance - صنف6 lemmassihah_003345
This root primarily deals with the concept of categorization, division, and classification. It encompasses different types, kinds, and varieties of things, as well as the act of sorting and distinguishing them. It also extends to specific terms related to textiles and geographical origins.
الصِّنْف — Type, kind, sortصِنْف — the type and kindصِنْفِيّ — Belonging to a specific placeصَنَفَة — Edge, border of clothتَصْنِيف — making it into categories and distinguishing some from others - صوف25 lemmassihah_003346
This root primarily concerns wool, its texture, and its use. It extends metaphorically to grasping or holding onto something, particularly by the neck, and also refers to a specific historical tribe known for their role in facilitating the Hajj pilgrimage.
الصوف — woolالصوفة — finer woolبصوف رقبته — by the wool of his neckبطوف رقبته — by the wool of his neckبطاف رقبته — by the wool of his neck - صيف19 lemmassihah_003347
This root primarily concerns the season of summer, its characteristics, and activities associated with it. It extends to related concepts like rain during summer, specific geographical features, and even military expeditions.
الصَّيْف — Summerصَيَّفَ — one of the seasons of the year, it is after the first spring and before the intense heat of summerاصْطَافَ — he stayed there for the summerمَصِيف — place of residence in summerمُصْطَاف — place of residence in summer - ضعف16 lemmassihah_003348
This root primarily concerns the concept of weakness, lack of strength, and deficiency. It extends to notions of doubling, multiplying, and increasing, often in the context of intensity or quantity.
ضَعْف — weaknessضَعُفَ — to be weakضَعِيف — weakأَضْعَفَ — to weakenضُعَاف — weak (pl.) - ضفف9 lemmassihah_003349
This root primarily concerns concepts of abundance, multitude, and crowding, often in relation to people, possessions, or needs. It can also denote scarcity, hardship, or a state of being overwhelmed. Additionally, it extends to physical proximity and a specific way of milking.
الضَّفَف — abundance of dependentsضَفِيف — abundant dependentsضَفَّ — to milk (fully)ضَفِيف — milking with the whole handمُضْفُوف — crowded with people