Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)
5,612 root entries translated · page 68 of 113
- ضيف29 lemmassihah_003350
This root primarily concerns the concept of a guest, hospitality, and the act of hosting or being hosted. It extends to related ideas of arrival, proximity, and even fear or apprehension.
ضَيْف — guestأَضْياف — guestsضُيوف — guestsضَيْفان — guestsضيفة — guest (female) - طخف4 lemmassihah_003351
This root primarily relates to concepts of thinness, lightness, and a covering or veil, often associated with clouds or a light mental state. It also extends to place names and a descriptive term for intensity.
الطخاف — Thin cloudsطخف — Light worryطخفة — Place nameطلخف — Intense - طرف0 lemmassihah_003352
- طرهف1 lemmasihah_003353
This root appears to relate to concepts of perfection, completeness, and beauty, particularly in describing a young, handsome person. It also touches upon the idea of being well-formed or finely crafted.
المُطَرْهَف — Perfectly beautiful - طفف11 lemmassihah_003354
This root primarily concerns the concept of being small, little, or insufficient. It extends to notions of deficiency, especially in measures, and also includes a place name.
الطَّفِيف — Little, scantطفاف — Rim, brimطفافه — Rim, brimطَفَّ — To be scant, to fall shortطَفَّهُ — To fill nearly - بين6 lemmassihah_003355
This root primarily concerns the concept of being between, separating, or clarifying. It extends to notions of distance, distinction, and the act of making something clear or evident. It also encompasses related physical concepts like the flank or the edges of things.
طَفَفَ — to reach, to approachطَفْطَفَة — flankطَفْطَاف — tips of treesطَفْ — to rise, to appearأَطْفَأَ — to take what is visible - طلف6 lemmassihah_003356
This root primarily concerns the concept of something being wasted, nullified, or rendered void, particularly in the context of blood or rights. It also extends to the idea of giving or bestowing something, often as a loan or gift.
طَلَفًا — in vainطَلِفَ — to be wastedأَطْلَفَ — to render voidالسَّلَف — also with two 'fatḥa's: a type of sale in which the price is paid in advance and the commodity is described to a known termأَسْلَفَ — he paid in advance for such and such - طنف2 lemmassihah_003357
This root primarily relates to protruding or elevated parts, particularly in geographical features like mountains, and architectural elements such as eaves or ledges. It can also refer to straps or belts.
الطَّنْف — Mountain ledgeالمُطَنِّف — That which is elevated - طوف16 lemmassihah_003358
The root طوف (ṭūf) primarily relates to the concept of going around, circling, or wandering. It extends to meanings of extensive travel, encompassing something, and also refers to specific objects like rafts or a type of excrement. Figuratively, it can denote overwhelming forces like floods or darkness.
طَافَ — the phantom visitedطَوْفًا — circlingطَوَفَانًا — circlingتَطَوَّفَ — to go aroundاسْتَطَافَ — to go around - طهف4 lemmassihah_003359
This root appears to relate to elevated or upper parts, and also to specific types of food or sustenance. It describes things that are high, such as clouds or the top of a plant, and a type of baked grain food.
الطَّهْف — Grain foodالطَّهْفَة — Upper part of a plantالطَّهَاف — High cloudsالطُّهَافَة — Topknot - طيف7 lemmassihah_003360
This root primarily concerns apparitions, phantoms, and specters, often those that appear in dreams or as illusions. It also extends to the concept of visiting or appearing suddenly, particularly in a fleeting or deceptive manner, and can be associated with demonic influences.
طَيْف — from Satan, meaning an agent, without the feminine endingطَيْفُ الخَيَال — dream apparitionطَافَ — the phantom visitedيَطِيفُ — appearsطَيْفًا — apparition - ظرف9 lemmassihah_003361
This root primarily concerns the concepts of containment, capacity, and elegance. It extends to encompass cleverness, wit, and refined manners, as well as temporal and spatial dimensions.
الظرف — the containerظرف — he was elegant, he is elegant, eleganceظرافة — clevernessظريف — so he is clever/sagaciousظرفاء — clever/sagacious people (plural) - ظلف17 lemmassihah_003362
The root ظلف (ẓalafa) primarily relates to the hoof of certain animals like cows, sheep, and gazelles. It extends metaphorically to concepts of harshness, difficulty, and scarcity, particularly in conditions, terrain, and livelihood. It also signifies preventing or withholding oneself or something from an action.
الظَّلْف — the hoof for the cow, sheep, and gazelleظَلُوف — strongظَلِفَ — to strike the hoofمَظْلُوف — struck in the hoofظَلِيف — in bad condition - ظوف3 lemmassihah_003363
This root appears to be related to the nape of the neck, specifically a way of holding or grasping someone by that area. It is presented as a variant or dialectal form of another expression.
بِظَوْف — nape of the neckبِظَاف — nape of the neckصُوف — wool for the sheep - عترف3 lemmassihah_003364
This root primarily deals with concepts related to boldness, audacity, and sometimes negative traits like wickedness or treachery. It can also refer to specific animals or actions associated with these qualities.
عَتْرِيف — wicked, audaciousعَتْرُوف — wicked, audaciousالعَتْرَفَان — rooster - عجف9 lemmassihah_003365
This root primarily concerns the concept of leanness, thinness, or emaciation, often applied to living beings or objects. It can also extend to the idea of self-denial or prioritizing others over oneself, particularly concerning food.
العَجَف — leanness, emaciationعَجِفَ — with a damma is a variant pronunciationعَجْفَاء — the female is lean/emaciatedعِجَاف — the plural is 'ʿijāf' with a kasra, which is irregularأَعْجَفَ — so he is lean/emaciated - عجرف7 lemmassihah_003366
This root describes a state of being reckless, heedless, or impetuous, often due to haste. It can also refer to specific creatures or the harsh events of time.
تَعَجْرُف — he became arrogantعَجْرَفَة — heedlessnessعَجْرَفِيَّة — impudenceيَتَعَجْرَفُ — to act recklesslyالعَجْرُوف — long-legged insect - عدف12 lemmassihah_003367
This root primarily relates to eating and food, with extensions to concepts of pieces, portions, and parts of time or things. It also includes meanings related to debris and specific age groups.
عَدَفَ — to eatيَعْدِفُ — to eatعَدْفًا — eatingعَدَفٌ — foodلَا عَدُوفًا — anything - عذف5 lemmassihah_003368
This root primarily relates to the concept of eating, particularly in a specific dialect. It also extends to the idea of not tasting or consuming anything, and by extension, to a state of being without sustenance.
العَذْف — eatingعَذَفَ — to eatعَذْفًا — anythingعَذُوفًا — anythingعَذُوف — sustenance - عرف29 lemmassihah_003369
The root 'عرف' primarily relates to knowing, recognizing, and acknowledging. It extends to concepts of scent, appearance, and distinguishing features, as well as specific religious and geographical terms.
عَرَفَ — the mane of the horseمَعْرِفَة — knowledgeعِرْفَان — knowledgeأَعْتَرِفُ — in place of 'arafa and vice versaعُرْف — the mane of the horse - عرصف4 lemmassihah_003370
This root primarily relates to parts of a camel's saddle (howdah or pack saddle) and wooden components within it. It also extends to a small bird, possibly due to a perceived similarity in shape or size to these wooden pieces.
العَرْصَاف — Part of a pack saddleعَرَاصِيف — Pegs of a pack saddleعَرْصُوف — Wooden piece of a saddleعُصْفُور — a bird - عزف13 lemmassihah_003371
This root primarily concerns turning away from something, disinterest, and abstention. It extends to sounds, particularly those associated with distant phenomena like thunder or the supernatural, and also encompasses musical instruments and playing them.
عَزَفَ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ — to turn away fromتَعَزَّفُ — to turn away fromعُزُوفًا — disinterestالعَزِيف — the sound of jinnعَزَفَتِ الْجِنُّ — jinn made sound - عسف9 lemmassihah_003372
This root primarily relates to deviating from a path or course, acting unjustly, or experiencing hardship. It also extends to terms for specific objects, animals in distress, and geographical locations.
عَسَفَ — to deviateالعَسْف — taking a path other than the right oneالتَّعَسُّف — deviationالاعْتِسَاف — and 'i'tisāf'عَسُوف — oppressive - عسقف1 lemmasihah_003373
This root describes a state of being frozen or immobile, particularly related to the eyes. It signifies a physical or emotional stiffness, often associated with suppressed emotion or a lack of movement.
عَسْقَفَ — to freeze (eyes) - عصف10 lemmassihah_003374
The root عصف primarily relates to the rapid growth, movement, or destruction of vegetation, often associated with wind. It extends to concepts of swiftness, destruction in warfare, and earning a livelihood.
العصف — the stalk of the cropأعصف — to grow abundantlyمعصف — active participle of 'aʿṣafat al-rīḥ (the wind blew)عصفت — it became strongعاصف — it is a strong wind - عطف14 lemmassihah_003375
The root عطف (ʿaṭf) primarily denotes bending, turning, or inclining. It extends to concepts of affection, compassion, and turning towards something or someone. It also encompasses physical aspects like sides or curves, and metaphorical turns of fortune or disposition.
عَطَفَ — he inclinedانْعَطَفَ — to bendعاطِفَة — affectionعاطِف — compassionateعَطْفَة — charm - عفف6 lemmassihah_003376
This root primarily concerns abstaining from what is forbidden or improper, particularly in matters of chastity, sustenance, and behavior. It denotes self-restraint, purity, and refraining from begging or seeking what is not rightfully one's own.
عَفَّ — he abstained from what is forbidden, he refrainedعِفَّة — chaste womanعَفِيف — chaste, abstinentتَعَفَّفَ — he strove for chastityمُتَعَفِّف — chaste, abstinent - عقف6 lemmassihah_003377
The root عقف (ʿqf) primarily relates to bending, curving, or turning something. It extends to meanings of crookedness, a specific ailment causing lameness, and figuratively, a harsh or uncivilized disposition.
عَقَفَ — to bendاِنْعَقَفَ — to bendعَقْفًا — bendingالعُقَاف — lamenessالتَّعْقِيف — bending, curving - عكف11 lemmassihah_003378
The root عكف (ʿakafa) primarily denotes the concept of being detained, confined, or habitually devoted to something. It extends to meanings of staying in a place, focusing intently on an activity, and surrounding or encircling.
عَكَفَ — he detained (from the verb classes of 'ḍaraba' and 'naṣara')عَكْفًا — detention, confinementمَعْكُوفًا — detained, confinedعَكَفَكَ — what detained youاعْتَكَفَ — to seclude oneself (in a mosque) - علف11 lemmassihah_003379
This root primarily concerns fodder for animals, the act of feeding them, and related concepts. It extends to specific types of fodder, animals that are fed rather than grazing freely, and metaphorically to rough or uncouth individuals.
العَلَف — fodder for animalsعَلَفَ — he fed the animal (from the verb class of 'ḍaraba')عَلَفًا — Feeding (act)عَلَاف — plural of 'alaf (fodder)مَعْلَف — the place where an animal is fed - عنف9 lemmassihah_003380
This root primarily deals with harshness, roughness, severity, and the opposite of gentleness. It extends to concepts of early stages, beginnings, and taking something forcefully.
عَنَفَ — he treated him harshlyعُنْف — he treated him harshlyعُنُف — he treated him harshlyعَنِيف — harshعُنُف — he treated him harshly - عوف5 lemmassihah_003381
The root عوف primarily relates to the state or condition of something, encompassing well-being, affairs, and personal circumstances. It also appears in proper names, epithets, and expressions denoting protection or dominion.
العَوْف — state, conditionعَوْف — name of a manالعَوْفَان — tribal divisionsأم عَوْف — locustعَوَّافَة — name of a man - عيف11 lemmassihah_003382
This root primarily concerns aversion, dislike, and refusal, particularly related to food, drink, or water. It also extends to concepts of divination, omens derived from bird behavior, and a specific type of animal behavior indicating hesitation or aversion.
عَافَ — the man disliked the food and drink, he hated it and did not drink itعَافَ — the man disliked the food and drink, he hated it and did not drink itعَيَافًا — dislike, aversionعَائِف — one who dislikes or abstains from food/drinkعَافَتْ — to divine, to take omens - غدف6 lemmassihah_003383
This root primarily relates to covering, extending downwards, or drooping. It is often associated with darkness, the act of lowering something, and things that are dark or long and flowing.
الغُدَاف — the intense heat of summerغُدْفَان — ravens of high summerأغْدَفَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ قِنَاعَهَا — to let down a veilأغْدَفَ اللَّيْلُ — night to fallأغْدَفَ الصَّيَّادُ الشَّبَكَةَ — to cast a net - غرف14 lemmassihah_003384
The root غرف (gh-r-f) primarily relates to the act of scooping or taking something up, often with a tool. It also extends to concepts of cutting, tanning with a specific plant, and architectural structures like upper rooms or balconies.
الغرف — Tanning treeغرفي — Tanned with ghurfغرف — he scooped water with his hand (from the verb class of 'ḍaraba')الغريف — Dense thicketالغريفة — Leather strip - غرضف2 lemmassihah_003385
This root pertains to soft or yielding substances, specifically referring to cartilage or the softer parts of bones.
الغَرَضُوف — cartilageالغُضْرُوف — cartilage - غضف14 lemmassihah_003386
The root غضف primarily relates to concepts of bending, breaking, relaxing, and softening. It extends to descriptions of physical states like relaxed ears or thick feathers, and abstract concepts like a comfortable life or darkness.
غَضَفَ — to break incompletelyغَضْفًا — incompletely broken stateغَضِفَ — to become relaxed (ear)أَغْضَفَ — to make darkاِنْغَضَفَ — to enter into (dust) - غطف3 lemmassihah_003387
This root primarily relates to abundance and prosperity, particularly in terms of living conditions and sustenance. It also encompasses a significant tribal name derived from this concept.
الغَطْف — Abundance of livingأَغْطَف — Abundant, prosperousغَطَفَان — Ghutafan - غطرف6 lemmassihah_003388
This root primarily relates to concepts of nobility, high status, and pride. It describes a lord or a noble figure, as well as the arrogance or haughtiness associated with such a position.
الغطريف — Lord, masterالغطرفة — Arrogance, haughtinessتغطرف — To be arrogantتغترف — To be arrogantالمتغطرف — Arrogant, haughty - غفف3 lemmassihah_003389
This root primarily concerns the concept of sufficiency, adequacy, or a moderate amount, particularly in relation to sustenance and well-being. It can also extend to the idea of moderate growth or fatness, especially in animals.
الغُفَّة — Sufficiency of livingاغْتَفَّ — To attain sufficiencyاغْتِفَاف — Attaining sufficiency - غلف14 lemmassihah_003390
The root غلف primarily relates to covering, sheathing, or enclosing something. This extends to physical coverings like scabbards, as well as metaphorical coverings of the heart or mind, implying a lack of understanding. It also encompasses concepts of abundance and specific types of plants.
الغلاف — Sheath, cover, casingغَلَّفَ — he put it in the sheathأَغْلَفَ — he made a sheath for itتَغَلَّفَ — the man perfumed himself with ghāliyaالغَلْفاء — Al-Ghulfa' (nickname) - غيف6 lemmassihah_003391
This root primarily relates to the act of bending, inclining, or swaying, often in a physical sense like a tree or a horse. It can also extend metaphorically to describe deception, cowardice, or falsehood in a situation.
غَافَتْ — swayed, bentغَيْفَانًا — swaying, bendingتَغَيَّفَتْ — swayed, bentتَغَيَّفَ — inclined, leanedيُعِيفُونَ — deceived, lied - فوف4 lemmassihah_003392
The root 'fawf' primarily relates to whiteness or a white substance, particularly in natural contexts like fingernails, seeds, or patterns on fabric. It can also denote something insignificant or a thin layer.
الفُوف — whiteness on nailsمُفَوَّف — striped whiteفُوفَة — thin layer on a date pitأفْوَاف — white stripes - فيف6 lemmassihah_003393
This root primarily denotes open, flat, and desolate land, particularly deserts. It also extends to concepts of emptiness, a specific day of battle, and potentially a type of wind.
الفِيف — Level groundأفْيَاف — Level groundsفُيُوف — Level groundsالفِيفَاء — Smooth desertالفَيَافِي — Smooth deserts - قحف8 lemmassihah_003394
This root primarily concerns the skull, specifically the cranial bone. It extends to describe containers made of wood resembling the skull's shape, and metaphorically, intense actions like drinking or rain that 'consumes' everything.
القُحْف — skull boneأَقْحَاف — skullsقَحَفَهُ — to strike the skullقُحِفَ — to drink completelyقُحَاف — intense drinking - قذف14 lemmassihah_003395
The root قذف (q-dh-f) primarily relates to the concept of throwing, casting, or projecting. This extends to meanings of remoteness, high places, and even rapid movement or speech. It can also denote accusation or vomiting.
قَذْف — the balconiesقَذَفَة — one instance of throwingقَذَفَات — high placesمُنِيفًا تَزِلُّ الطَّيْرُ عَنْ قَذَفَاتِهِ — high placesقَذَّاف — high place - قرف22 lemmassihah_003396
The root قرف (q-r-f) primarily relates to the concept of peeling, scraping, or removing an outer layer. It extends to meanings of suspicion, accusation, and association, as well as acquiring or earning. It also encompasses the idea of proximity or nearing, and in a classical context, refers to specific types of vessels and medicinal preparations.
قِشْرٌ — meaning he removed its peelقَرْفٌ — proximity to illnessقِرْفَةٌ — a type of medicine (cinnamon)قِرْفَتِي — whom I suspectقُرَافَةٌ — state of impurity - قرطف2 lemmassihah_003397
This root appears to relate to thick, soft, and luxurious fabrics, particularly those used for cloaks or blankets. It also extends to the idea of something being abundant or plentiful, possibly due to the association with rich materials.
القُرْطُفُ — Thick cloakقُرْطُفَةٌ — Thick cloak - قرقف1 lemmasihah_003398
The root قرقف appears to be related to the concept of wine, specifically its name and a potential characteristic of causing trembling.
القَرْقَف — wine - قشف5 lemmassihah_003399
This root primarily describes a state of being weathered, dried out, or impoverished. It conveys a sense of harshness, scarcity, and a lack of comfort, often due to external factors like sun, poverty, or a meager lifestyle.
قَشِفٌ — if the sun or poverty has scorched him, so he changedقَشِفَ — if the sun or poverty has scorched him, so he changedقَشْفًا — weathering, dryingالمُتَقَشِّف — ascetic, austereتَقَشَّفَ — to live austerely