Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily relates to the act of kneeling or prostrating, often in a manner that involves falling onto one's posterior. It also extends to the idea of being thrown down or overthrown.

This root primarily concerns qualities of youthfulness, charm, and sometimes forwardness or boldness. It can describe attractive young people, particularly males, and also refers to the escalation of something negative like strife.

This root describes something that is repulsive, disgusting, or offensive, particularly in taste or appearance. It extends to the act of finding something repulsive and the state of being repulsive.

This root appears to relate to the concept of totality, entirety, or emphasis, particularly in the context of gathering or confirming something. It is used to express a complete or absolute state.

The root بضع (b-ḍ-ʿ) primarily relates to cutting, dividing, and partiality. It extends to concepts of trade goods, specific types of wounds, numerical ranges, pieces of flesh, and sexual intercourse. The root also encompasses notions of satiation and satisfying a need.

This root primarily relates to the contents or substance of something, particularly its weight or burden. It extends to the equipment and provisions carried, and metaphorically to the heavy load of rain carried by clouds.

This root primarily relates to patches or spots of color, often contrasting, and by extension, to distinct areas or locations. It also extends to abstract concepts like calamities, accusations, and barrenness.

This root primarily concerns the act of confronting someone with something unpleasant or striking them severely. It also has a dialectal usage related to location.

The root 'بلع' primarily relates to the act of swallowing or consuming something. It also extends to concepts of absorption, holes or openings, and the initial appearance of something, like gray hair or celestial bodies.

This root describes someone who is pretentious, boastful, or tries to appear knowledgeable and eloquent without substance. It often implies a superficial display of wit or intelligence.

This root describes barren, desolate, and empty land. It can also refer to a place left devoid of inhabitants or possessions, often as a consequence of something negative.

This root primarily relates to the concept of stretching, extending, or reaching, particularly in terms of physical measurement like an arm's span. It also extends metaphorically to encompass concepts of nobility, generosity, and the extent of a stride.

This root primarily concerns the transaction of buying and selling goods. It encompasses the act of exchanging ownership for payment, including related concepts like offering something for sale, the parties involved in a transaction, and the act of purchasing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of following, accompanying, or pursuing someone or something. It extends to concepts of imitation, adherence, and even the idea of a follower or subordinate. The root also encompasses related ideas like catching up, seeking, and the consequences of actions.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fullness, abundance, and overflowing, often associated with liquids or containers. It also extends to meanings of eagerness, speed, and intensity, particularly in negative contexts like rushing into evil or anger. Derived terms can refer to physical objects like basins or gates, as well as abstract concepts like a garden or a path.

This root primarily concerns the concept of the number nine and its derivatives. It extends to related ideas such as thirst, specific periods of time, and the act of taking or becoming a group of nine.

This root primarily describes hesitation, stammering, or difficulty in speech, often due to a blockage or impediment. It can also extend to describe a creature struggling or getting stuck, particularly in soft ground, and metaphorically to being caught in confusion or turmoil.

This root primarily relates to the concept of length, particularly in the neck, and by extension, height or elevation. It also encompasses meanings related to looking around, stretching the neck, and geographical features like elevated land or valleys.

This root relates to the act of breaking or crumbling something, specifically food items like ghee or colostrum, using a piece of bread as a tool. It describes the process of mixing and consuming these substances in a particular manner.

This root primarily concerns the concept of expulsion, outflow, or emission, often in a negative or uncontrolled manner. It extends to concepts of falling, collapsing, and even a specific collective noun for sheep.

This root appears to relate to a specific ailment, namely a severe cold or head congestion. The primary derived term describes the condition itself.

This root primarily relates to the act of vomiting or expelling something forcefully from the body. It can also describe the expulsion of other substances like blood from wounds or the nose.

This root primarily deals with the concept of crushing, smashing, or breaking something, particularly a head or a fruit. It describes the action of inflicting severe damage that causes something to split or break apart.

This root primarily concerns the concept of cutting off or severing parts of the body, particularly the nose or ear. It extends to meanings of imprisonment, severe hardship, poor nourishment, and conflict, as well as specific botanical and zoological terms.

This root primarily concerns the concept of youth or early stages of life, particularly in animals, referring to a young animal before reaching maturity. It also extends to meanings of being new, inexperienced, or recently involved in something, and can refer to a trunk or a specific type of tree.

This root primarily concerns the act of swallowing, often with difficulty or in small amounts. It extends to related concepts like a mouthful, a difficult situation, or a constricted state, and metaphorically to suppressing emotions.

This root primarily describes something large, particularly in the chest and sides. It is used to denote a large or stout animal, specifically camels, and by extension, a strong and robust individual.

The root جزع (j-z-ʿ) primarily relates to the concept of cutting or traversing across something, often a valley. It extends to meanings of scarcity, a portion, and also the act of being impatient or fearful, contrasting with patience. Derived meanings include specific types of beads and parts of a structure.

This root primarily concerns intense desire, greed, and avarice. It describes a strong longing for something, often to the point of being covetous or stingy.

The root جعجع (jaʿjaʿa) primarily relates to sounds, particularly the grinding or rattling noise of mills, and the sounds of camels. It extends to meanings of confinement, hardship, and difficult terrain, as well as the act of causing something to stop or settle.

This root primarily concerns a lack of modesty, particularly in speech and behavior, often associated with impudence and shamelessness. It also extends to meanings related to uncovering, revealing, and a physical characteristic of the lips.

This root appears to describe something large, robust, and substantial, particularly in the context of female camels. It conveys a sense of impressive size and capacity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of gathering, collecting, and assembling things or people. It extends to notions of completeness, maturity, and unity, as well as specific terms for groups, places, and actions related to bringing things together.

This root primarily concerns the state of hunger, its opposite, and related concepts. It covers the act of being hungry, causing hunger, and the condition of famine, as well as specific instances and collective terms for hungry people.

This root primarily relates to concealing or hiding something, with variations in intensity and context. It also extends to a state of exhaustion from crying and a specific type of head covering.

This root primarily relates to the concept of going, moving, or proceeding, often in a hidden or obscure manner. It extends to guiding others, particularly in darkness, and also encompasses specific objects and a proverbial expression related to ill omen.

This root primarily concerns deception, trickery, and misleading others. It extends to concepts of being cunning, deceitful, or even physically elusive. Figuratively, it can describe things that are deceptive, like a market that appears prosperous but is not, or a path that leads astray.

This root primarily relates to the act of cutting, slicing, or making incisions, particularly in flesh. It extends to the idea of being wounded or marked by such actions, and also refers to a specific type of food preparation.

The root خرع (khara'a) primarily denotes a sense of weakness, looseness, or yielding. This extends to physical fragility, moral looseness, and even the creation or origination of something new.

The root خزع (khazaʿa) primarily relates to the concept of falling behind, lagging, or separating from a group. It also extends to meanings of division, قطع (qaṭʿ), and being hindered or impeded.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of humility, submissiveness, and lowliness. It extends to physical manifestations of these states, such as lowering one's gaze or describing a humble or desolate landscape. It also encompasses the idea of feigning or affecting humility.

This root primarily concerns the concept of submission, humility, and yielding. It extends to physical actions like bending or inclining, and also encompasses sounds associated with impact or the body.

This root primarily describes a state of weakness, collapse, or falling, often due to hunger or extreme exhaustion. It can also refer to a loosening or softening of something, particularly the liver, again linked to hunger.

The root خلع (khalaʿa) primarily denotes the act of removing, detaching, or disengaging something. This extends to concepts like undressing, deposing, divorcing, and loosening. It also encompasses abstract ideas like breaking alliances and metaphorical states of being.

This root primarily describes a limping or uneven gait. It is also used metaphorically for stealthy or predatory movement, leading to its application to animals known for such characteristics.

This root primarily concerns concepts of submission, humility, and subservience, often implying a degree of weakness or ignominy. It can also extend to meanings of suspicion, treachery, and moral failing.

This root primarily relates to geographical features and physical alterations. It describes a white mountain, a bend in a valley, and the act of diminishing or breaking something, particularly the banks of a valley.

This root primarily concerns the concept of armor, specifically a coat of mail or breastplate. It extends to clothing worn like armor, such as a woman's tunic, and metaphorically to covering or enveloping oneself. It also describes a specific coloration in animals and a period of nights in the lunar month.

This root primarily describes the act of fleeing or moving away quickly, often with a sense of haste or panic. It also encompasses the state of being in such a situation or the person who is fleeing.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pushing or thrusting. It encompasses the act of propelling something forward, often with force, and can also describe the physical action of a camel pushing with its load.