Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the act of pushing, urging, or driving something forward. It extends to concepts of filling or making something full, and also includes specific calls or encouragements to animals or people, as well as a type of slow, winding gait.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pushing, repelling, or driving something away. It extends to notions of hastening, urging forward, delaying, and defending. Derived meanings also include specific types of rain, floods, and even social statuses.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being close to or adhering to the ground, often due to humility, poverty, or hardship. It extends to the idea of seeking meager sustenance and enduring difficult conditions.

The root 'd-k-ʿ' primarily relates to a specific ailment affecting the chests of animals, particularly camels and horses. It describes a condition causing chest discomfort or disease.

This root primarily concerns the act of protruding or extending something, particularly the tongue or the belly. It describes the action of sticking out and the state of being out or extended.

This root primarily concerns the fluid secreted by the eyes (tears) and related concepts. It extends to describe the flow of liquids from other sources, specific types of eye injuries, and anatomical parts of the eye.

This root appears to relate to concepts of worthlessness, lowliness, and discarded matter. It describes something cast aside as refuse and also a person lacking in value or character.

This root primarily concerns the concept of measuring, particularly with the forearm (ذراع), and by extension, the act of reaching or extending. It also encompasses notions of capacity, ability, and sometimes, excessive action or speech.

This root primarily concerns the concept of scattering, dispersing, or spreading something out. It also extends to the idea of divulging or making something public, particularly secrets.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spreading, disseminating, or making something widely known. It also extends to the idea of consuming something entirely, particularly liquids, and describes someone who cannot keep secrets.

This root primarily concerns the act of grazing and feeding freely, often implying abundance and a state of ease or enjoyment. It extends to concepts of playing, luxuriating, and the places where such activities occur, particularly for livestock.

This root describes intense greed and covetousness. It encompasses the act of being greedy and the state of being greedy.

The root 'رجَع' (raja'a) primarily denotes returning, going back, or coming back. It extends to concepts of response, repetition, and reversal, encompassing physical movement, verbal replies, and even cyclical events like rain or life after death.

This root primarily concerns a defect or condition affecting the eyelids, leading to a distorted or abnormal appearance. It also extends to describing a person or animal exhibiting such a condition, often implying a lack of proper function or a peculiar gait.

This root primarily concerns the concept of setting, embedding, or inlaying precious materials, often into weapons or jewelry. It also extends to meanings of sticking, adhering, and in a more figurative sense, vigor or intensity.

This root primarily concerns the act of suckling, both for infants and animals. It extends to the concept of being nursed, the relationship formed through nursing, and metaphorically to dependence or drawing sustenance.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of growth, development, and youth. It also extends to describe the appearance of young people and, in a negative sense, the common rabble or unruly masses.

The root 'rafaʿa' primarily denotes the act of lifting, raising, or elevating something. It extends to concepts of elevation in status, increasing intensity, and also has specific agricultural and grammatical applications. The opposite of placing or setting down.

The root رقع (r-q-ʿ) primarily relates to mending, patching, and joining things together. It extends to concepts of repair, improvement, and also to insults and foolishness, suggesting a connection between fixing something and making a mark or leaving a trace.

This root primarily concerns the act of bowing or bending, particularly in the context of prayer. It also extends to describe a stooping posture due to age or infirmity.

This root primarily concerns the concept of movement, particularly a subtle or involuntary twitching. It extends to describe specific physical manifestations of this movement, such as in infants or in the context of anger, and also refers to a type of shining stone.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of fear, fright, and alarm, but also extends to the heart, mind, and admiration. It describes the state of being frightened, the act of frightening someone, and the internal experience of fear or sudden realization. It also encompasses qualities of courage and admiration for beauty.

This root primarily concerns concepts of growth, increase, and abundance. It extends to ideas of return, first stages of things, and elevated places or paths. It also encompasses notions of good quality and movement.

This root primarily relates to a powerful, dust-stirring whirlwind or storm, often personified as a leader of jinn. It also extends to meanings of anger, insolence, and a short, insignificant person.

This root primarily concerns the act of sowing seeds and cultivating crops. It extends to the concept of growth and germination, and metaphorically to nurturing or strengthening someone. It also includes a specific tribal designation.

This root primarily describes a loud, harsh sound, specifically associated with the braying or flatulence of a donkey. It denotes a forceful expulsion of air or gas, often with an unpleasant or startling quality.

This root primarily describes cracking, splitting, or fissuring, particularly in the skin of the feet or hands. It can also refer to the deterioration or corruption of wounds and fissures in mountains.

This root primarily concerns the concept of shaking, moving, or causing instability. It describes the act of shaking something, the resulting movement, and attributes qualities of being shaky or intensely moving to things like wind or a journey.

The root زمع (z-m-ʿ) primarily relates to firm resolve, determination, and the act of setting out or moving with purpose. It also extends to meanings of speed, eagerness, and sometimes haste or recklessness, as well as specific physical or abstract concepts like a growth on an animal's hoof or a state of confusion.

This root primarily concerns the action of moving or urging a camel forward, specifically by manipulating its reins. It implies a controlled, directed movement to increase speed or progress.

This root appears to be a rare or possibly erroneous entry in classical Arabic lexicography. The single provided example suggests a connection to adornment or beautification, but it is not a standard or widely recognized root.

This root primarily relates to the number seven and its multiples. It extends to concepts of being seventh, taking a seventh, and the wild animal 'lion' or 'beast of prey'. It also encompasses terms for thirst, curses, and specific time periods like a week.

This root primarily concerns rhyming or patterned speech, often with a pleasing or harmonious sound. It extends to the sounds of animals like doves and camels, and metaphorically to a sense of purpose or direction in movement.

This root primarily concerns the concept of speed, quickness, and haste. It encompasses notions of moving rapidly, being swift, and the act of hastening or rushing, often in contrast to slowness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of rising, ascending, or extending upwards. It is applied to phenomena like dust, scent, and dawn, as well as physical attributes like a long neck and structural elements like a tent pole.

This root primarily relates to the passage of time, specifically the advanced stages of aging or the latter part of a month. It can also denote a decline in condition or the act of driving animals.

The root سفع (s-f-ʿ) primarily relates to seizing, grabbing, or striking, often with a connotation of changing color or leaving a mark. It extends to concepts of being touched or affected by heat, fire, or even demonic influence, and describes a darkish hue tinged with red.

This root primarily relates to striking, hitting, or a sharp sound, often associated with birds or vocalizations. It also extends to meanings of going, disappearing, or being eloquent.

This root entry is very brief and appears to be a loanword from Abyssinian (Ethiopian). It primarily defines a specific type of alcoholic beverage made from millet.

This root primarily relates to the concept of wandering, straying, or moving about aimlessly. It can also imply a state of being lost or uncertain about one's direction or purpose.

The root سلع (s-l-ʿ) primarily relates to concepts of splitting, cracking, or a fissure. It extends to describe physical manifestations like growths or wounds, and also refers to a specific geographical location and a type of bitter tree.

The root سلفع (s-l-f-ʿ) primarily describes boldness, audacity, and a certain forwardness or harshness in disposition. It extends to describe strong or vigorous animals, particularly female camels, and can also refer to a specific type of dog.

This root primarily describes desolate, barren, and empty places. It also extends to describe lightning and the shimmering heat of pebbles under the sun.

This root primarily concerns the faculty of hearing, the act of hearing, and related concepts like listening, perception, and reputation. It extends to encompass the ear itself, and metaphorically, fame or notoriety.

This root appears to relate to a concept of nobility, leadership, and elevated status. It describes a person of high standing, respected and influential, often associated with being a master or lord.

This root primarily deals with concepts of beauty, handsomeness, and excellence, often in a physical or outward appearance sense. It can describe both men and women as being comely or attractive.

This root primarily relates to the concept of time, specifically the present moment or a specific period. It also extends to meanings of intensity, neglect, and loss, as well as referring to a specific idol.

This root primarily concerns the concept of flowing, spreading, or moving across the surface of the earth, often with a sense of disturbance or agitation. It also extends to a specific type of plastering material.