Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to a place name near Mecca and the act of driving or urging animals. It also touches upon a specific grammatical discussion regarding the pronunciation and classification of a derived word.

This root primarily relates to jewelry worn on the hands, with a specific Persian origin. It also extends to a medicinal compound.

This root primarily relates to sounds of discomfort, such as coughing, groaning, or sighing, often associated with pain, anger, or thirst. It also extends to the intensity of heat, thirst, or strong emotions like resentment and grief.

This root primarily describes slowness, lagging behind, and drawing closer together. It also extends to concepts of being heavy, hesitant, and even slipping or stumbling.

This root appears to relate to the concept of anger or intense emotion. It is presented as a rare root, with potential connections to other words through phonetic shifts.

This root appears to relate to the concept of spaciousness or openness, particularly in relation to geographical locations. It is used to describe a place that is wide or expansive.

This root appears to relate to the concept of dust or earth, with specific forms denoting this substance. The entry discusses etymological derivations and comparisons between different grammatical schools.

This root describes a wound that is painful and throbbing. It conveys the idea of a sharp, sudden, and intense pain associated with an injury.

This root primarily describes sounds of distress, exertion, or discomfort, often characterized by sighing, groaning, or a stifled sound. It extends to describe individuals who exhibit such sounds due to physical burdens, illness, or even stinginess when asked for something.

This root appears to relate to concepts of hitting a target, and also to the colors of an egg. The primary derived word is a verb related to accurate striking.

This root primarily concerns the emotion of joy and happiness, often with connotations of pride, boasting, or being pleased with something. It can also describe the act of making someone else happy or proud.

This root primarily concerns hoarseness, roughness, or thickness in the voice. It extends to describe a rough or coarse sound in animals, and metaphorically, it can refer to spaciousness, abundance, or being in the midst of something.

This root primarily concerns striking or hitting something, often with a soft or yielding object. It can also extend to the idea of imposing or presenting something forcefully, or to the act of cutting.

This root primarily deals with concepts of openness, spaciousness, and expansion, particularly in relation to land and physical areas. It also extends to meanings of revealing, speaking openly, and sometimes to actions of throwing or being unable to bear a burden.

This root primarily concerns the concept of splitting, cutting, or tearing, particularly in the context of a physical wound or fissure. It extends to the idea of a place where such a split occurs and, metaphorically, to the act of rain falling from clouds.

This root primarily relates to concepts of leaving, departing, or ceasing, often implying a continuous or persistent action. It also extends to meanings of excellence, choice, and hardship, as well as specific place names and personal names.

This root appears to relate to a place or location. The primary derived term suggests a specific type of place or possibly a descriptive term for it.

This root appears to relate to the concept of ripeness or maturity, specifically in dates. It is used to describe the state of dates when they are ready to be eaten.

This root primarily relates to stages of fruit development, specifically dates, and also describes states of exhaustion, inability, or failure. It extends to concepts of stubbornness, concealment, and barrenness in land.

This root primarily relates to concepts of exhaustion, immobility, and being heavy or slow. It also extends to descriptions of places, particularly flat or wide expanses, and the act of making a promise without fulfilling it.

This root appears to relate to gifts and bestowals. The primary meaning discussed is 'gifts' or 'presents', possibly derived from the concept of a 'gift of an animal for milking'.

This root primarily concerns the concept of emergence, appearance, and making something known or public. It extends to concepts of permission, permissibility, and openness, as well as physical spaces like courtyards and open areas. It also touches upon the idea of destruction and subjugation.

This root primarily relates to making something known or public, often in a secret or informal way. It also encompasses a specific type of fish and related fishing equipment.

This root appears to describe a sound or action related to something being loose, shaky, or making a rattling noise. It can refer to the sound of something falling or being unstable, and by extension, to a weak or unsteady state.

The root ترح (t-r-h) primarily denotes the opposite of joy, signifying sadness, grief, or distress. It can also refer to a state of hardship, poverty, or a decline in fortune. In some contexts, it implies a spoiling or spoiling effect.

This root appears to relate to states of anger and displeasure, specifically sulking or holding a grudge. It is primarily attested in classical sources.

This root primarily relates to the concept of intense anger, fury, and a state of agitated passion. It describes a fierce emotional state, often associated with aggression or a strong protective drive.

This root primarily relates to pleasant fragrances and the well-known fruit, the apple. It also extends to describe a place where apples grow abundantly and a specific anatomical term for the hip joint.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of something being prepared, made ready, or destined to happen. It also extends to meanings of encountering, falling into, or becoming involved in situations, sometimes with a connotation of being exposed to hardship or trouble.

This root primarily describes a hoarse or rough sound, particularly in the throat or voice. It can also refer to something that is intense or severe, like a strong, harsh sound or a difficult situation.

This root appears to describe the intense and abundant flow of water, particularly rain. It is presented as a rare and possibly obscure term, with its authenticity questioned by classical lexicographers.

This root appears to describe something that is wide, flat, and spread out, often in a negative or unappealing way. It is primarily used to describe a person who is old and toothless, or a wide, flat object.

This root primarily relates to the act of throwing or casting something, particularly in a competitive or divinatory context. It also extends to natural formations, specifically places where bees collect honey, often in rocky or mountainous terrain.

The root جحح primarily relates to the concept of dragging, pulling, or stretching along the ground. It extends to describe plants that spread low, small unripe fruits, and the state of pregnancy in animals, particularly when it causes noticeable swelling and heaviness.

This root primarily relates to concepts of leadership, generosity, and nobility, often associated with a distinguished man or a ram. It also encompasses meanings of regression, hesitation, and destruction, as well as the act of counting or speaking.

The root جدح (j-d-ḥ) primarily relates to the action of stirring, mixing, or agitating liquids, especially food items like porridge or milk. It extends metaphorically to mixing or confusing matters and also refers to specific tools used for stirring and celestial phenomena (stars/constellations) believed to influence weather.

The root جرح (jarḥa) primarily concerns causing physical harm, especially with a weapon, leading to wounds. It extends metaphorically to causing harm through speech or by finding fault, and also to earning or acquiring something, particularly wealth or offspring.

This root appears to relate to elevated land formations and potentially to a state of being bare or shorn, particularly concerning the head.

The root جزح (j-z-ḥ) primarily relates to giving generously or giving a portion of something. It can also refer to striking a tree to loosen its leaves or a specific call used when milking a stubborn goat.

This root appears to relate to specific animal sounds or actions, particularly concerning goats and sheep. It describes a sound or action associated with stubbornness or being difficult during milking, and also a form of reprimand or call to young animals.

This root describes something or someone as short, stout, or unattractive, particularly referring to older women. It conveys a sense of being physically unimpressive or aged and unappealing.

This root appears to describe qualities of robustness, heaviness, and large stature, primarily applied to men and camels. It conveys a sense of being solid, weighty, and imposing.

The root جمح (jamaha) primarily denotes unruliness, wildness, and uncontrolled movement, often associated with horses or people who are difficult to control. It extends to concepts of rushing forward impetuously, deviating from a course, or acting stubbornly against restraint.

This root appears to relate to the act of shaving or closely trimming hair, particularly on the head. It describes a thorough removal of hair, leaving the head smooth.

This root appears to describe something large or great in size. It is a rare root with limited derived forms and usage.

This root primarily concerns the concept of complete destruction, eradication, or annihilation, often in the context of financial ruin or severe hardship. It describes things being wiped out, consumed, or utterly destroyed, particularly by natural disasters or severe circumstances.