Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to describe a type of woman characterized by wantonness, lewdness, and a lack of restraint. It encompasses terms for a promiscuous or immodest female, often associated with a bold or unrestrained demeanor.

This root appears to relate to the concept of 'path' or 'way', encompassing the act of traversing it, the path itself, and things associated with it. It can also refer to specific entities or actions within a given context.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of direction, path, intention, and manner. It encompasses the idea of following a course, whether literal or metaphorical, and relates to one's disposition, conduct, and religious adherence. It also extends to the act of wishing well for someone, particularly in the context of prayer or blessing.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being tall or long, particularly when referring to a man. It can also extend to the idea of being dark-skinned or tanned, often associated with prolonged exposure to the sun.

This root primarily deals with concepts of drought, famine, and scarcity, often related to a year of hardship. It also extends to meanings of poor character, and specific plants or substances like honey or senna.

This root appears to relate to negative character traits, specifically bad temper or ill disposition. It is primarily used to describe someone with a poor or unpleasant character.

This root primarily describes a specific gait or characteristic of horses, particularly concerning the placement of their hind hooves relative to their fore hooves. It distinguishes between horses that are slow or stumble, those whose hind hooves fall short of their fore hooves, and those whose hind hooves land precisely where the fore hooves were.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of herb or plant, known as dill. It also encompasses related concepts like growth and spreading, though the primary focus is on the plant itself.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of separation, dispersion, and scattering. It describes things or people becoming divided, fragmented, or spread out, often after a period of unity or togetherness. The root also extends to the idea of disarray or confusion in matters.

The root 'shakhta' primarily denotes thinness, leanness, or scarcity. It applies to physical thinness in beings and objects, as well as a lack of abundance in abstract concepts like generosity or dust.

This root appears to be very limited in its usage, primarily referring to a specific type of bird. There is little to no evidence of broader semantic extension or common derived forms in classical Arabic lexicography.

This root primarily concerns the concept of rejoicing, particularly in the misfortune of an enemy. It also extends to meanings of disappointment, failure, and even the physical aspects of an animal's legs.

This root appears to relate to smallness, scarcity, or a limited quantity. It is primarily used to describe a small group or collection, particularly of locusts.

This root primarily denotes forceful impact, striking, or pushing. It encompasses actions like hitting with an object, shoving, or a forceful collision.

This root primarily relates to lowering, bowing, or submitting, often in a physical or metaphorical sense. It also extends to concepts of conflict, dispute, and the sounds associated with commotion or groups of people.

This root appears to describe something small, shriveled, or insignificant, particularly in relation to the texture or condition of a camel's hump or a date.

This root primarily describes physical robustness, encompassing concepts of being strong, stout, and well-built. It can also extend to describe someone who is talkative, and in a specific context, someone who is physically large and fleshy.

The root صلت (ṣalt) primarily relates to being prominent, prominent, smooth, and bare. It extends to concepts of sharpness, speed, and directness, often applied to weapons, actions, and physical descriptions.

This root appears to relate to something hard-headed or stubborn, possibly with a physical connotation of being solid or unyielding.

This root appears to relate to concepts of nobility, distinction, and being unique or solitary. It describes individuals who are esteemed, honorable, and stand out from others.

The root 'صوت' primarily concerns sound, voice, and vocalization. It extends to encompass loudness, calling out, fame, reputation, and even musical instruments. The concept can also relate to the act of making something known or heard, and metaphorically to the impact or presence of something.

This root pertains to the act of biting or gnawing with the teeth, specifically the incisors and molars. It describes a forceful or intense biting action.

This root primarily describes the act of treading or stepping on something with great force. It conveys a sense of intense pressure and forceful impact.

This root appears to be related to a place name. The entry is very brief and does not provide extensive derivations or semantic fields.

This root primarily concerns a type of basin or bowl, specifically a brass one. It also discusses linguistic variations and derivations related to this object, including its plural and diminutive forms.

This root primarily deals with the physical act of twisting or wringing something, particularly a limb or hand. It describes the action of causing contortion or distortion through forceful manipulation.

This root primarily concerns the act of repeating, persisting, or being stubborn, often in speech or argument. It can also describe someone who is tall, strong, or robust, and in some contexts, refers to a young goat.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of firmness, rigidity, and intense, often erratic, movement or disturbance. It can describe the stiffness of a spear, the violent shaking of lightning, or the act of rubbing or cleansing.

The root عفت (ʿafta) primarily denotes twisting, bending, or breaking something. It extends to meanings of hindering or turning someone away from something, and also refers to a speech impediment or accent, as well as clumsiness or foolishness.

This root primarily discusses a large, strong, and potentially wicked man. It also touches upon concepts related to dirtiness and a place of fighting.

The root عمت primarily relates to the act of twisting, twining, or coiling fibers, particularly wool or hair, into yarn or thread. It extends to meanings of gathering, consolidating, and metaphorically, to overpowering, understanding, or being cunning.

This root primarily concerns hardship, distress, and difficulty. It describes the imposition of trouble upon someone, leading to suffering, damage, or even ruin. The concept extends to causing confusion or making things arduous for another.

This root primarily concerns hardship, difficulty, and destruction. It extends to concepts of sin, injustice, and severe affliction, including physical injury like breaking or severe bruising. It can also refer to a specific type of difficult terrain or a notch in a bow.

This root appears to relate to a specific, refined, and discerning quality, possibly involving careful selection or meticulousness. It is presented as a characteristic of someone who is discerning and chooses with care.

This root primarily concerns errors, mistakes, and blunders, particularly in calculation or speech. It also extends to concepts like retraction, cancellation, and the beginning of something, especially the night.

This root primarily describes the state of being overwhelmed or overcome, particularly by overeating leading to indigestion and heaviness. It can also refer to covering or submerging something, or a state akin to intoxication.

This root primarily deals with the concept of fabricating falsehoods, speaking unjustly, or acting arbitrarily and independently. It often implies a deliberate misrepresentation or an imposition of one's opinion over others.

This root primarily concerns the concept of breaking, crushing, or grinding something into small pieces. It extends to the idea of weakening or demoralizing someone, and also refers to specific physical objects like small stones, crumbled matter, or even a lump of dates.

The root 'فخت' primarily relates to the dove, specifically the collared dove, and its characteristic sound or gait. It also extends to meanings associated with light, shadow, cutting, uncovering, and surprise.

This root primarily relates to the quality of water being sweet and fresh. It also extends to meanings of mental weakness or corruption, and a specific river name.

The root فلت (F-L-T) primarily denotes escaping, slipping away, or getting free suddenly and unexpectedly. It also extends to meanings of seizing something quickly, acting impulsively, or describing something that is loose or ill-fitting.

The root فوت (fwt) primarily concerns the concept of passing by, escaping, or being missed. It extends to meanings of surpassing, exceeding, and the resulting gap or difference. It also encompasses acting independently or without consultation, and suddenness, particularly in death.

The root قتت primarily relates to falsehood, slander, and gossip. It also extends to meanings of preparation, arrangement, and reduction, as well as specific types of fodder and perfumed oils.

This root primarily describes states of drying, congealing, or becoming still. It extends to meanings of healing or becoming firm, and also encompasses silence and a specific quality of musk.

This root primarily relates to the concept of closeness, proximity, and nearness. It also extends to the idea of offering or bringing something near, and can refer to specific objects associated with this proximity, such as parts of a saddle.

This root primarily denotes depressions, hollows, or cavities, whether natural or man-made, often associated with holding water. It also extends to concepts of destruction, perishing, and a state of being near death or peril. Additionally, it refers to a woman who has lost her children or has had very few.

This root primarily deals with the concept of hair becoming curly or frizzy. It describes the state of hair and the action of causing it to become so.

This root appears to be related to place names. The primary discussion revolves around two specific locations, though their existence is questioned by some lexicographers.