Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root قنت (q-n-t) primarily relates to obedience, devotion, and worship, often expressed through standing, prayer, supplication, and silence. It encompasses a range of meanings from devout worship and prolonged prayer to humble submission and adherence to divine commands.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being satisfied or content, often with a sense of resignation or acceptance. It can also describe a state of being covered or veiled, particularly in relation to hair.

This root primarily concerns sustenance, provisions, and that which sustains life. It extends to concepts of moderation in consumption, providing for others, and the ability to endure or manage something. It also encompasses divine providence and control over sustenance.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of being thrown down, defeated, humiliated, and filled with suppressed rage or grief. It describes a state of being overcome, often forcefully, leading to disappointment and shame.

This root primarily discusses sulfur, a mineral substance used for burning. It also extends to describe a type of spring or eye of water whose solidified form is sulfur, and metaphorically refers to precious stones like red ruby and red gold.

This root primarily relates to completeness, fullness, and perfection, often applied to time periods like years, months, or days. It also appears as a place name.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of aromatic wood or incense, often identified as Indian costus. It also refers to the act of evaporating or steaming with this substance.

This root primarily relates to smallness, shortness, and diminutiveness. It also encompasses terms for specific birds, a type of container, and a poet's kunya.

The root كفت primarily relates to the concepts of turning aside, diverting, and restraining. It extends to meanings of speed, quickness, and contraction, particularly in movement. It also encompasses gathering, enclosing, and holding, as well as concepts of sustenance, sufficiency, and even death.

This root primarily relates to gathering, collecting, and bringing things together. It also extends to concepts of speed, swiftness, and a decisive, forceful action. Additionally, it encompasses ideas of weakness, helplessness, and reliance on others.

The root كمت (k-m-t) primarily describes a color that is a mix of redness and blackness, often applied to horses, camels, and wine. It also extends to concepts of completeness and intensity, particularly in time (months, years) and in describing the quality of certain fruits.

This root appears to describe a person who is withdrawn, stingy, or contracted. It can also refer to someone who is strong and firm.

This root appears to relate to a type of sea fish, possibly a variant of another known fish. The entry suggests a potential etymological connection or substitution of letters.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being short or stunted in stature. It describes a person or thing that is not tall.

This root primarily deals with making something easy or facilitating it. It also extends to referring to a story, event, or matter in a general, often unspecified way, akin to 'such and such'. Additionally, it can denote filling or stuffing something.

This root primarily relates to twisting or bending, specifically of a hand. It also extends to striking the chest, belly, or sides with a stick. Additionally, it appears in a dialectal expression signifying safety or reassurance.

This root primarily concerns the act of moistening or wetting something, particularly food items like gruel or dried cheese. It also extends to meanings of binding, adhering, or clinging to something, and metaphorically to crushing or grinding.

This root primarily concerns the act of scraping, peeling, or stripping something away, often to its core or essence. It extends to concepts of stripping someone of their possessions or dignity, and metaphorically to a severe, genuine cold.

This root appears to describe something large or immense, particularly in terms of physical size. It is also associated with intensity or severity.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a thief or robber, particularly in the dialect of the Tayy tribe. It also extends to a metaphorical usage describing destructive or plundering groups.

This root pertains to a specific type of cracking or fissure, particularly noted on the muzzle of a camel. It describes a physical defect or condition.

This root primarily discusses the concept of deficiency or deprivation, specifically regarding rights. It also touches upon a particle used to negate or indicate absence, similar to 'laysa'.

This root primarily relates to purity, intensity, and intelligence. It describes something as pure or unadulterated, and can also refer to extreme conditions like intense heat. Additionally, it denotes a person of sharp intellect and sound judgment.

This root primarily describes barren, arid land devoid of vegetation, even if it receives rain. It extends to concepts of emptiness, lack of growth, and a state of being dry or uncultivated. It also encompasses specific place names and a metaphorical usage for a person lacking hair.

This root primarily concerns the act of grasping, squeezing, or extracting something, often with the hand, from a cavity or internal organ. It extends to sexual intercourse and the manual extraction of contents from the womb or intestines.

This root primarily relates to the act of rubbing, wiping, or smearing something. It describes a physical action of applying pressure and friction to a surface, often to clean, polish, or apply a substance.

This root primarily concerns intense hatred and abhorrence, often stemming from a perceived wrongdoing or ugliness. It extends to the act of hating and the state of being hated, and specifically denotes a pre-Islamic practice of marrying one's father's widow.

This root primarily relates to the concept of staying or residing in a place. It also extends to the idea of something filling up, particularly with pus, and the act of opening or breaking it.

This root appears to relate to the concept of shaking, disturbing, or moving something. It is primarily discussed in its verbal form, with variations in intensity or manner of movement.

This root primarily concerns death, dying, and related concepts. It extends to notions of extreme effort, self-endangerment, and even a specific place name associated with a battle.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a path, road, or way, particularly one that is well-trodden, wide, or significant. It also touches upon the idea of extent, distance, or dimension in relation to such paths.

This root primarily concerns the act of groaning or moaning, often with a connotation of effort or slow movement. It can also describe a slow, deliberate pace of walking or striving.

This root primarily concerns the act of growing, sprouting, and vegetation. It encompasses plants, the process of growth, and places where plants grow. It also extends metaphorically to signify emergence, development, and maturity, particularly in relation to people and their offspring.

This root primarily relates to the concept of swelling, puffing up, or becoming bloated, often associated with anger or physical distension. It can also extend to meanings of becoming dirty or repulsive after a state of cleanliness.

This root describes a state of decay, putrefaction, or deterioration, particularly concerning flesh or wounds. It can also refer to a flaccid, bleeding condition of gums or lips.

This root primarily concerns the act of carving, cutting, or shaping materials like wood or stone. It extends to concepts of reducing, diminishing, or stripping away, and metaphorically to character, nature, and even verbal abuse or sexual intercourse.

This root appears to relate to a very small, almost imperceptible action, possibly a sting or a slight movement. It is also associated with being thorough or exhaustive in speech.

This root primarily concerns the act of being silent, especially in order to listen attentively. It also extends to causing someone else to be silent and, in a less common usage, to inclining or paying attention to something.

This root primarily concerns the act of describing or characterizing something, often with an emphasis on its qualities, especially positive ones. It extends to the description itself, the person doing the describing, and the quality of being excellent or superior.

This root primarily concerns states of agitation, anger, and boiling, often accompanied by sounds or physical manifestations. It also extends to describe a type of thick porridge or gruel, particularly associated with times of hardship.

This root primarily relates to the act of extracting marrow from bones. It is presented as a variant of another root, with the 'waw' sound being replaced by a 'ta'. The core meaning revolves around the extraction of the inner substance of something, specifically bone marrow.

The root نكت primarily relates to the action of poking, prodding, or striking something, often with a pointed object, to make an impression or mark. It extends to meanings of thinking deeply, striking or throwing someone down, and also refers to marks, spots, or imperfections.

This root primarily relates to plants, specifically a type of plant with edible fruit. It also extends to concepts of growth and increase, though this specific entry focuses on the botanical aspect.

This root primarily describes sounds of distress, exertion, or animal vocalizations. It encompasses harsh or strained noises, particularly those made from the chest, and can be metaphorically applied to strong or powerful entities.

This root primarily relates to the concept of swaying or rocking, often associated with movement on water or due to drowsiness. It also denotes sailors, particularly those who navigate ships.