Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to be related to accounting and financial records. The primary derived term refers to a ledger or account book.

This root primarily describes tallness, often with negative connotations of being awkward or ugly. It also extends to terms for a water bird, baldness, and a specific type of Roman coin, as well as onomatopoeia for a bird's sound.

This root primarily describes rough, stony, and uneven terrain. It also extends to the sound of chickens, the outer shell of an egg, and a specific type of container for palm spathes.

This root appears to relate to a specific tool used by dyers or cloth workers. The primary derived term refers to the pestle or mallet used for pounding fabric.

This root appears to be related to Persian loanwords in Arabic, specifically referring to a type of shop or stall. The primary meaning revolves around the concept of a 'shop' or 'market stall'.

This root appears to be related to a Persian loanword, referring to a specific type of food or grain. The primary derived term is 'al-kawsaj', which is identified as an Arabicized Persian word.

The root لبق (labiqa) primarily relates to being fitting, suitable, agreeable, and skillful. It extends to concepts of dexterity, gracefulness, and pleasant disposition, often in relation to appearance, actions, or social interactions. It also encompasses the act of mixing or blending, particularly in the context of food.

The root لثق primarily denotes a state of being wet, moist, or sticky, often associated with dew, rain, or mud. It can also extend to meanings of corruption, spoiling, or a sweet taste, depending on the context and derived form.

The root لحق (l-ḥ-q) primarily denotes reaching, catching up to, or joining something or someone. It extends to concepts of attachment, addition, and following, both literally and figuratively. Derived meanings include things that are appended, late-arriving, or even secondary growths in plants.

This root primarily describes fissures, cracks, or ravines in the earth, often formed by water flow. It can also refer to valleys or hollowed-out areas.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or clinging to something. It extends to notions of proximity, attachment, and even sexual intercourse as a form of close joining. Derived terms describe things that stick, the act of sticking, and substances or plants associated with adhesion.

This root primarily relates to sticking, adhering, or being close to something. It also extends to the concept of thirst, specifically the feeling of the lungs sticking to the side, and can describe a close companion.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or attaching something to something else. It extends to the idea of clinging, being close, or even causing harm by attaching oneself or an object. Derived terms can refer to adhesives, close relationships, or even specific actions like hamstringing an animal.

This root primarily concerns the act of licking, tasting, or consuming small amounts of something, often with the tongue. It extends to related concepts like tasting food residue, small portions, and even metaphorical uses for greed or a quick, restless nature.

This root primarily relates to the concept of depth, both literal and figurative. It encompasses the idea of being deep, profound, or intense, and can be applied to physical locations, abstract concepts, and even the intensity of emotions or actions.

The root 'l-f-q' primarily concerns the act of joining or sewing two pieces together. It extends to concepts of combining, patching, and metaphorically, to things being joined or unified, as well as to deception and unfulfilled pursuit.

This root primarily concerns striking, particularly to the eye, and by extension, hitting or striking in general. It also extends to concepts of landforms, specifically narrow or elevated areas, and then broadly to sounds and movements associated with agitation, rapid speech, or trembling.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of striking, hitting, and touching, often with a focus on the eye or a specific part of the body. It also extends to meanings related to writing and erasing, as well as a small amount of food or drink, and a type of garment.

The root لهق (lahq) primarily denotes extreme whiteness, often without luster. It extends to describe things that are intensely white, like cattle, clothing, or hair. Figuratively, it can refer to excessive talk, flattery, pretense, or a person who exhibits qualities they do not possess.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or clinging, both physically and metaphorically. It extends to ideas of suitability, compatibility, and being well-matched, as well as the opposite of being unsuited or unaffectionate. It also touches upon the idea of holding onto something or being retained.

This root primarily concerns the mangonel, a siege engine used for throwing stones. It also extends to the act of operating and launching projectiles with such a device, and the person responsible for its operation.

This root appears to relate to siege engines, specifically the mangonel. The primary derived term is the name of this weapon.

This root appears to be related to the eye and its condition. It describes a specific ailment or state of the eye, possibly a type of inflammation or defect.

This root relates to the concept of being decorated, adorned, or embellished, often in a way that is showy or ostentatious. It can also refer to something that is perforated or has holes, drawing a parallel to decorative patterns.

This root primarily deals with the concept of mixing, diluting, or adulterating liquids, particularly milk. It extends metaphorically to describe insincerity in relationships, falsehood, and fickleness. It also includes a sense related to breaking or crushing.

This root primarily concerns the act of tearing, ripping, or rending. It extends to concepts of fragmentation, destruction, and even verbal abuse, with specific applications to clothing, flesh, and political entities. Figurative uses include rapid movement and the shedding of waste.

This root primarily concerns a type of long-sleeved garment, specifically a fur coat or robe. It is described as being of Persian origin and is associated with high-status individuals and religious figures.

The root مشق (mashq) primarily relates to friction, rubbing, or chafing that causes discomfort or damage. It extends to concepts of tearing, stretching, and even intense eating or consuming.

The root مشاق primarily relates to speed, quickness, and swift action, particularly in movement, striking, eating, and writing. It also extends to meanings of plucking, extracting, and snatching, as well as a specific red pigment used for dyeing.

This root primarily concerns sounds and actions involving the tongue and mouth, often related to tasting, smacking lips, or a specific sound produced. It also extends to a defect in palm trees.

This root primarily denotes depth, distance, and remoteness, often applied to physical spaces like wells, ravines, or vast, barren lands. It can also extend metaphorically to describe harshness of character or intense experiences.

The root مقق primarily relates to the concept of length, especially excessive length, and also encompasses meanings of drinking deeply, opening, and making a sound.

The root ملق (malaqa) primarily relates to gentleness, softness, and excessive affection or flattery. It extends to meanings of poverty, expenditure, smoothing, and even striking or licking.

This root primarily describes extreme whiteness, often with a bluish tint, sometimes to an unpleasant degree. It also extends to the color of water, a specific type of eye condition, and the act of drinking slowly over time. Additionally, it refers to distant land.

This root primarily concerns foolishness, stupidity, and being foolishly destructive. It also extends to meanings related to the decline or cheapening of prices, and a type of footwear. Additionally, it touches upon the corner of the eye and dust.

This root primarily relates to the fruit of the Sidr tree (Ziziphus spina-christi), its characteristics, and related concepts. It also extends to meanings concerning the corruption or undersized nature of date palm fruit, the arrangement of plants, writing, and sounds, including flatulence and speech.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being small, fine, or slender. It can also describe something being pounded or crushed into fine particles.

This root appears to relate to softness, gentleness, and possibly a Persian loanword. The primary discussion revolves around the word 'narmaq' and its potential etymology and meaning.

This root primarily describes a state of rashness, hastiness, and immaturity, often coupled with ignorance or foolishness. It extends to meanings of excessive talk, overflowing, and a specific type of movement or leaping, particularly in horses.

The root 'nasq' (نسق) primarily concerns the concept of arrangement, order, and alignment. It describes things being in a single, consistent pattern or system, whether in physical objects, speech, or abstract concepts. This includes notions of organization, coordination, and sequential connection.

This root appears to refer to servants or attendants, possibly with a foreign origin. The term is used to describe a group of servants, with no singular form explicitly mentioned.

This root primarily concerns the act of smelling or inhaling, particularly strong scents or medicinal substances introduced into the nose. It also extends to meanings related to being trapped or stuck, like an animal caught in a snare, and metaphorically, getting involved in difficult situations.

The root نطق (n-t-q) primarily relates to speaking, utterance, and the faculty of speech. It extends to encompass the content of speech, the act of speaking, and by extension, any form of communication or expression. Metaphorically, it can refer to anything that 'speaks' or indicates something, and also to things that encircle or bind.

This root primarily concerns the sound of calling or driving animals, particularly sheep and goats, by a shepherd. It extends to the sounds made by birds, specifically crows, and metaphorically to meaningless or unheeded calls, including the sounds of mourning.

This root primarily concerns the sounds made by animals, particularly the croaking or cawing of a crow. It also extends to the sounds of other animals and, metaphorically, to a camel's bleating.