Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the neck, and by extension, to embracing or holding someone close. It also extends to concepts of leading, advancing, and significant events or dangers, often metaphorically linked to the neck or a prominent feature.

This root appears to describe a mixture of water and mud, and by extension, something of poor or mixed creation.

This root primarily relates to a specific anatomical location, particularly the navel area and its surrounding features. It also extends to describe a cluster or bunch, especially of fruits or grapes.

This root appears to describe someone of bad character or disposition. It also relates to the concept of making things difficult or constricting for someone.

This root appears to be related to the concept of clinging, attachment, or deep affection, possibly with a connotation of intensity or stubbornness. It describes a strong bond or adherence.

This root primarily describes the area between the lower lip and the chin, specifically the hair that grows there. It also relates to lightness or scarcity of something, particularly hair.

This root primarily relates to concepts of activity, speed, and intensity. It also extends to descriptions of dark colors, specific birds, plants, and celestial bodies, as well as the idea of being lost or misled.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hindering, stopping, or holding back. It extends to meanings of cowardice, lack of good, and things that occupy or distract. It also includes specific astronomical and onomatopoeic terms.

This root primarily relates to concepts of boundaries, edges, and specific locations. It also encompasses notions of fate, destiny, and sounds associated with driving or urging.

This root primarily concerns the act of drinking or being given a drink in the late afternoon or evening, contrasting with morning drinks. It extends to the animals that are milked or given water at that time, and also includes a specific meaning related to a tethering strap on a camel or bull.

This root appears to describe qualities related to eyes, specifically their size and darkness, and also a state of being extremely beautiful or captivating.

This root primarily concerns abundance, particularly of water, rain, and sustenance. It extends to concepts of fertility, lushness, and generosity, often in a positive, abundant sense.

This root primarily concerns the concept of drowning or sinking, whether literally in water or figuratively in debt, overwhelming circumstances, or excessive actions. It extends to meanings of being submerged, overwhelmed, or reaching an extreme limit, and also includes related concepts like being killed or a specific type of bird.

This root primarily relates to covering, enveloping, or obscuring, often associated with darkness, dust, or clothing. It can also refer to specific types of vegetation.

This root primarily concerns striking, hitting, and forceful actions, often with a tool like a whip or stick. It also extends to concepts of sudden arrival, excessive drinking, and a specific type of sleep.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being large or immense, particularly in reference to a woman's hips or buttocks. It is also noted that the word might be a misspelling of a similar word with a different initial letter.

This root primarily relates to the sound of boiling, gurgling, or a high-pitched noise. It extends to describe the sound of a woman's voice during intimacy, the sound of a bird, or a bird of prey's call. It can also refer to the sound of water flowing and a type of bird.

The root غلفق primarily relates to concepts of softness, looseness, and abundance, often applied to vegetation, physical objects, and even abstract qualities. It can also denote things that are large or overwhelming.

This root primarily describes a state of excessive moisture, dampness, and saturation, often leading to decay, stagnation, or unhealthiness. It applies to plants, land, air, and water bodies, indicating a condition where things are waterlogged and potentially unhealthy.

This root primarily relates to intensity, darkness, and vigorous activity. It describes things that are long, darkness that deepens, and eyes that weaken. It also encompasses concepts of liveliness, exuberance, and a proud gait.

This root primarily concerns sounds, particularly the cries of birds, and by extension, the birds themselves. It also extends to the sound of animal genitalia.

This root primarily concerns a pain or ailment affecting the neck, specifically a bone in the neck connected to the brain. It also extends to related concepts like a physical opening or separation, and a type of stomach wind.

The root فتق (f-t-q) primarily denotes the act of splitting, tearing, or separating something that was previously joined or whole. This core meaning extends to concepts like opening, breaking apart, and creating a gap, often in the context of physical objects, natural phenomena like clouds or dawn, and abstract ideas like discord or war. It can also relate to physical conditions, particularly hernias, and in a positive sense, to abundance and fertility.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fullness, expansion, and abundance, particularly in speech and physical space. It also extends to a specific term for a dog's resting place.

The root 'فرق' (faraqa) fundamentally relates to separation, distinction, and division. It encompasses concepts like differing from a group, distinguishing between things, splitting apart, and making a division. This root also extends to the idea of a group or division itself, and in a religious context, it signifies the Quran as a differentiator between truth and falsehood.

This root primarily concerns the concept of separation, division, distinction, and appearance. It encompasses notions of splitting, differentiating between things, and things becoming visible or manifest. It also extends to names of places, animals, and specific types of bread or dough.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of messenger or herald, possibly derived from Persian. It also refers to a wild animal, possibly a jackal or hyena, that is associated with lions and acts as a warning.

This root appears to relate to the concept of speed and swiftness. It describes a rapid movement, akin to darting or quickness.

This root primarily concerns the pistachio nut and its tree. It is noted that the word is of Persian origin and the plant was not known to grow in the Arabian Peninsula in classical times.

The root 'fashaq' (فشق) primarily relates to concepts of expansion, spreading out, and suddenness. It encompasses notions of eagerness, swiftness, and sometimes a forceful breaking or scattering. It can also describe physical separation, like the widening of animal horns.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of opening, separating, and spreading. It extends to describe sounds, particularly animal vocalizations, and also denotes foolishness or excessive, meaningless talk. Some derived terms describe a state of poverty or a reddish complexion.

This root primarily concerns concepts of luxury, comfort, and abundance, often associated with a pampered or pampered lifestyle. It extends to descriptions of well-fed, robust, and attractive individuals or animals, particularly camels and women.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a large building or inn, specifically a caravanserai or hotel. It is used to denote a place of lodging and rest for travelers.

This root primarily relates to inns or caravanserais, often of Persian origin. It also extends to a type of fruit resembling a hazelnut and, in a less common usage, a ledger or account book.

This root primarily denotes concepts of fullness, expansion, and spaciousness. It extends to physical fullness in containers and bodies, as well as metaphorical expansion in speech, pride, and physical dimensions.

This root primarily relates to the process of dying, specifically the last moments of life and the cessation of consciousness. It also extends to a specific term for a substance found in a cow's udder.

The root قرق (q-r-q) primarily relates to flatness, evenness, and smooth, open ground, often a plain or valley. It also extends to concepts of origin, lineage, and a type of children's game.

This root primarily relates to places, specifically shops or markets, and also to the act of drinking or consuming water, particularly in a context of thirst or urgency. It also touches upon the concept of swift movement.

This root primarily refers to a type of garment, specifically a tunic or cloak. It also encompasses the diminutive form of this garment and discusses the linguistic phenomenon of Persian loanwords being Arabicized.

The root قلق (q-l-q) primarily denotes a state of unease, restlessness, and agitation. It extends to the physical act of moving or shaking something, and also refers to specific items like a type of jewelry or water birds.