Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns intense heat, fire, and flames. It describes the burning of fire, its intensity, and can also refer to Hellfire. The derived terms often convey a sense of blazing or being consumed by fire.

This root primarily deals with negative character traits and undesirable qualities, such as bad temper, greed, and cowardice. It also extends to physical descriptions like dark coloration and specific botanical terms, including a plant with medicinal properties.

This root primarily concerns speech, communication, and the nature of words, encompassing concepts like talking, idle talk, falsehood, and error. It also extends to meanings of failure, rejection, and things considered insignificant or invalid.

This root primarily deals with concepts of finding, encountering, and making amends or rectifying a situation. It also extends to describe something lowly, insignificant, or worthless, often in a material sense.

This root primarily concerns the concept of meeting, encountering, or receiving something. It extends to the idea of direction, throwing or casting, and also includes specific terms for difficult situations and anatomical parts.

This root primarily relates to afflictions affecting the face, specifically paralysis or weakness. It also extends to describe swiftness and agility in animals, particularly birds and female mammals known for rapid conception.

This root pertains to a strong inclination or attachment towards something, often implying an obsessive or persistent focus. It describes someone who is ardently devoted to or habitually engaged with a particular object or activity.

This root appears to relate to the concept of taking something entirely or as a whole. It also extends to meanings associated with groups, resemblance, and examples.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dark coloration, specifically a duskiness or blackness on the lips. It extends to descriptions of dark or intense colors in other contexts, such as a dark complexion, dark spears, or dense shade. It also touches upon the idea of something being intense or thick.

This root primarily concerns the act of twisting, bending, or turning something. It extends to meanings of turning away from something, delaying, or showing affection and preference. It also encompasses physical movements like shaking a tail or inclining the head.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of play, amusement, distraction, and occupation. It extends to meanings of affection, familiarity, and forgetting, as well as physical descriptions of a throat part and a place. It also touches upon proximity and a specific group of people.

This root primarily relates to concepts of whiteness, distance, and certain types of plants and animals. It describes something very white, a distant place, and a type of fish used for shields.

This root primarily relates to the concept of stretching, expanding, or becoming wider. It also extends to meanings of spreading, intensifying, and enduring hardship. Additionally, it encompasses terms for low-lying land and the cries of certain animals.

This root primarily relates to the concept of reaching a limit or a specific number, particularly one hundred. It encompasses meanings of reaching maturity, achieving completeness, and the numerical value itself. It also extends to concepts of corruption and expansion.

This root primarily relates to the concept of stretching, extending, or lengthening. It can apply to physical objects like ropes or the body, as well as abstract concepts like time or sustenance. It also encompasses related ideas of moving with a certain gait or being a specific type of person.

This root appears to relate to the concept of 'coming' or 'arriving', often with a sense of approach or destination. It can also denote the act of bringing something or causing it to arrive.

This root primarily concerns the concept of erasing, obliterating, or removing something, whether it be physical traces, sins, or even darkness. It extends to related ideas like a stain or darkness on the moon, a cleansing rain, or a tool for removal.

This root primarily concerns the act of erasing, obliterating, or removing something's trace or effect. It extends to the idea of making something disappear or become imperceptible.

This root primarily relates to distancing, disassociating, or removing something. It also encompasses concepts of apology, making excuses, and a specific place name.

This root primarily relates to concepts of extent, limit, and distance, encompassing physical boundaries, the furthest reach of sight, and metaphorical extensions of ambition or achievement. It also includes terms for specific objects like knives, troughs, and measuring units, as well as actions related to granting time or aging.

This root primarily relates to pre-ejaculatory fluid and related concepts, extending to the flow of liquids, and metaphorically to leading, urging, and softness.

This root primarily relates to stones that produce sparks when struck, often flint. It extends to the origin of stones, certain plants, and geographical locations, including mountains and plains. It also encompasses derived terms for lineage and personal names.

This root primarily concerns the extraction or drawing out of something, particularly milk from an animal's udder. It extends to meanings of eliciting, denying, striking, and even physical actions like a horse dragging its feet. It also encompasses abstract concepts like doubt and dispute, as well as specific objects and places.

This root primarily relates to concepts of arrogance, pride, and haughtiness. It also extends to meanings of being distinguished, admirable, or even a giant. Some derivatives describe a state of opposition or departure.

This root primarily relates to the concept of time, specifically the evening or night, and its associated actions. It also extends to actions of touching, taking, and a specific term for a camel's condition.

This root primarily relates to actions of gentle touching, stroking, or rubbing, often with a sense of care or refinement. It also extends to meanings of being lean or emaciated, and in a figurative sense, to being heedless or facing severe difficulties.

This root primarily concerns the act of walking and movement, extending to concepts of abundance, particularly in livestock and offspring. It also encompasses related ideas like guidance and the transmission of something, as well as negative connotations of slander and gossip.

This root primarily relates to the concept of medicine, specifically laxatives or purgatives. It also extends to the act of taking or administering such medicine, and metaphorically to seeking or expecting a remedy.

This root appears to relate to concepts of posteriority, the rear, and potentially something small or contained. It encompasses terms for the anus, a woman lacking flesh on her thighs, and a small flask.

This root primarily concerns the concept of passing, proceeding, or moving forward, often with a sense of completion or finality. It extends to meanings of execution, passing away (death), and sharpness or effectiveness, particularly with weapons.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of stretching, extending, and moving forward, often with speed or purpose. It also encompasses related ideas like companionship, physical extension, and specific objects or times associated with these actions.

This root primarily relates to states of wetness, moisture, and ripeness, particularly concerning fruits and animal conditions. It also extends to meanings of spreading, expansion, and specific physical attributes or sounds.

This root primarily relates to the intestines and digestive tract, encompassing both the physical organs and metaphorical extensions. It also extends to concepts of food quality, fertile land, and a specific type of date.

This root primarily relates to the sound of a cat, specifically its cry or meow. It describes the vocalization of a feline.

This root primarily relates to a state of softness, weakness, or flabbiness, particularly in materials like leather. It can also extend to a figurative sense of speaking falsely or attributing untrue qualities to a person.

This root primarily relates to the act of drinking intensely, particularly a young animal nursing its mother. It also extends to the concept of polishing or refining something, like a sword, and the idea of protecting or safeguarding one's possessions.

This root appears to relate to the concept of polishing, cleaning, or shining something, particularly metal objects like a basin. It also extends to the idea of preserving or guarding something valuable.

This root primarily relates to sounds produced by the mouth, specifically whistling or blowing, and by extension, to the act of blowing itself. It also extends to physical actions like rubbing or becoming calloused, and to specific geographical locations and a proper name.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of moving swiftly, traversing, and enduring. It extends to meanings of enjoying or experiencing something for a long time, and also relates to vast, open spaces like deserts and the passage of time.

This root primarily concerns concepts of destiny, fate, divine decree, and testing. It also extends to meanings related to desire, wish, and aspiration, as well as the physical emission of fluid and a specific location in Mecca.

This root primarily relates to concepts of measuring, weighing, and testing. It also extends to ideas of affliction, desire, and specific geographical or descriptive terms.

This root primarily relates to vast, desolate desert plains and also encompasses a specific medicinal compound.

This root primarily relates to the act of sharpening or thinning a blade, extending to the concept of piercing or cutting through something. It also encompasses related ideas of penetrating lines or formations, and in a more specific context, refers to a type of water.

This root appears to relate to names and possibly a place name. The primary focus is on feminine names and their origins, with one instance referencing a specific individual and her lineage.

This root primarily concerns the concept of distance, both physical and metaphorical. It describes the act of moving away, being distant, and the place that is far. It also extends to the construction of a protective barrier around a tent.

This root entry is extremely brief and appears to be a cross-reference. It indicates that 'نأوت' is a variant pronunciation or spelling of 'نأيت'. Therefore, the semantic scope of the root 'و' itself is not elaborated upon here.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of being elevated, high, or prominent, often in a physical or metaphorical sense. It extends to ideas of falling short, being unsuitable, or deviating from a norm, as well as specific geographical locations and personal names.