Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to intelligence, understanding, and awareness. It also encompasses a sense of pride or arrogance, and can denote indifference or disregard.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a 'face' or 'front' of something, extending to direction, aspect, and appearance. It also encompasses notions of honor, leadership, and the beginning or path of something.

This root primarily relates to concepts of deterring, repelling, or turning someone away from something. It also extends to meanings of gathering, yielding, and being easily influenced or made light of.

This root primarily relates to foolishness, lack of skill, and excess. It extends to descriptions of strong winds, abundant rain, spaciousness, and even a horse's name.

This root relates to the concept of guardianship, custodianship, and the associated roles and ranks within a religious or communal context. It specifically defines the role of a 'guardian of the covenant' and the hierarchical positions within that structure.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of obedience, submission, and compliance. It extends to the idea of reaching a destination or fulfilling a task, often in the context of obeying someone's command.

This root primarily concerns intense emotional states, particularly grief, distress, and distraction, often to the point of losing one's senses. It also extends to concepts of confusion, fear, and a state of being lost or overwhelmed.

This root primarily describes intense heat, particularly of the daytime. It also extends to signify a concentrated or distilled essence of something.

This root primarily relates to expressions of admiration, wonder, and longing. It is used to convey a sense of delight or amazement at the excellence of something, or to express a feeling of wistful desire.

This root primarily describes vocalizations, particularly those associated with distress, exertion, or specific animal sounds. It also extends to describe a state of energetic vitality in horses and a feeling of grief.

This root primarily relates to the concept of incitement or instigation. It can be used for a single person or a group, and for both males and females.

This root primarily deals with concepts related to speech impediments, stuttering, and the inability to speak clearly. It also touches upon the idea of a coward and the act of warning or threatening.

This root primarily relates to the concept of distance, often expressed through interjections or names. It also includes terms for a specific type of demon and a word used to urge something forward or express a desire for more.

This root pertains to calling out to camels, specifically to encourage them forward or to greet them. It includes various interjections and commands used in this context, with variations for singular, plural, masculine, and feminine addresses.

This root primarily deals with concepts of refusal, aversion, and dislike. It extends to related ideas like stubbornness, pride, and even specific meanings concerning animals and lineage, particularly in the context of fatherhood.

This root primarily relates to concepts of straightness, speed, and manner in movement. It also extends to meanings of death, affliction, severe illness, greatness, and giving. Derived terms describe payment, tribute, and the ripening or abundant fruiting of plants.

This root primarily concerns the concept of coming, arriving, or approaching. It extends to meanings of providing, rewarding, and the destination or approach to something. It also encompasses the idea of being prepared, accessible, or even destructive.

This root primarily concerns the act of informing on someone, particularly to an authority figure, often with malicious intent. It also extends to related concepts like accusation, slander, and the act of inciting conflict. Additionally, it encompasses a place name and a description of a person who eats excessively.

This root appears to be related to specific calls or invocations, particularly directed towards sheep. It also has a connection to something described as 'Yā'ī', possibly a derivative or attribute.

This root primarily deals with concepts of kinship, friendship, and alliance. It also extends to physical objects used for tethering or support, and the act of seeking or preparing something.

This root primarily relates to preparation, readiness, and maturity. It encompasses items used for purification or tools, as well as the process of fruit ripening and deception.

This root primarily concerns the act of delivering, conveying, or fulfilling something, whether it be a message, a debt, or a duty. It also extends to concepts of abundance, strength, preparation, and in some contexts, smallness or looseness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of harm, annoyance, or something unpleasant. It encompasses both causing harm and experiencing it, as well as the state of being bothered or causing bother. It also extends to a specific type of camel that is restless.

This root primarily relates to fire, its intensity, or its location. It also extends to concepts of sticking, adhering, or being fixed, as well as actions related to bees and honey, and a sense of anger or being held back.

This root primarily concerns concepts of drawing near, approaching, and joining. It also extends to meanings of hardship, intensity, and providing support or sustenance. Additionally, it touches upon the idea of matching or being equal to something.

This root primarily concerns healing, mending, and consolation. It extends to concepts of imitation, setting an example, and also encompasses sadness and a place name.

This root primarily relates to sorrow, grief, and mourning. It also extends to concepts of preservation, remaining things, and structural support.

This root primarily relates to fabrication, invention, and the creation of speech. It also extends to concepts of necessity, small or common things, and geographical locations. Additionally, it touches upon healing and a specific historical figure.

This root primarily relates to sustenance, particularly a thick porridge-like food made with dates. It also encompasses the concept of an inescapable calamity or a strong bond, and can describe a camel's hump becoming soft or appearing to have more fat.

This root primarily relates to bodies of water, specifically stagnant or marshy areas. It also extends to describe dense vegetation within such environments.

This root appears to be a variant or a less common form related to the concept of a container or vessel. It is presented as a linguistic variation of another root.

This root pertains to the concept of flowing or gushing forth, particularly in the context of water or liquids. It describes the act of bursting out, often with force, and can be applied to natural phenomena like springs or agricultural irrigation.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting or separating, particularly in the context of clouds and their precipitation. It also extends to meanings of completion or fulfillment.

This root pertains to the aversion or dislike of food and drink due to an illness or ailment. It also relates to protection or a shield.

This root primarily relates to securing or confirming a debt or claim, often through the use of witnesses or a binding agreement. It also encompasses the concept of a tie or binding.

This root primarily relates to the posterior, specifically the rump or buttocks, and by extension, fat and flesh associated with it. It also extends to meanings of abundance, blessings, and in a more specific anatomical sense, parts of the thumb and leg.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'mother' or 'origin', extending to encompass 'nation', 'community', and 'servant girl'. It also covers related actions like taking a servant, becoming a servant, and the sounds made by a cat.

This root primarily relates to the concept of time, specifically segments or portions of time. It is often used to denote a specific duration or a part of a larger temporal unit.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of time, ripeness, and maturity, often in relation to events or natural processes. It also extends to meanings of slowness, delay, patience, and a sense of weakness or a specific period of time.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a severe, overwhelming calamity or disaster. It can also refer to a specific type of large, dangerous serpent.

This root primarily concerns the concept of settling, residing, and taking shelter. It extends to the idea of bringing someone or something to a place of rest or safety, and also encompasses the gathering of birds.

This root primarily concerns the particle 'aw' (أو) and its multifaceted grammatical functions. It acts as a conjunction, indicating doubt, choice, ambiguity, or a combination of items. It can also function similarly to 'to', 'for permission', 'except', and can introduce conditional clauses or express approximation.

This root primarily relates to the act of laughing, specifically a loud or hearty laugh. It describes the sound and manner of intense amusement.

This root primarily relates to signs, indications, and purposeful actions. It encompasses concepts of a mark, a person, a message, and even divine revelation. Derived meanings extend to intentionality, deliberation, and pausing.

This root primarily deals with interrogative and vocative particles, functioning as question words, interjections, and calls for attention. It also encompasses terms related to questioning quantity and specific forms of address.

This root primarily relates to the concept of pride, boasting, and self-elevation. It also extends to meanings of exertion, striving, and reaching a high or difficult state, particularly in the context of a camel's effort in running.

This root primarily relates to the concept of staying or residing in a place. It signifies a prolonged presence and can extend to the idea of being settled or established.

This root appears to relate to concepts of land, ash, and potentially human characteristics like praise and abundance. It also includes a term for a vein.