Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root appears to relate to the concept of covering or concealing, particularly in the context of clothing or physical covering. It also seems to have a secondary meaning related to size or bulk.

This root primarily describes states of distress, confusion, and agitation, often involving falling into blame or a state of intoxication. It also extends to descriptions of animals, particularly horses and ostriches, and specific types of garments.

This root describes states of confusion, bewilderment, and disorientation. It encompasses being lost in error, uncertain in a dispute or path, or unable to grasp an argument. It can also refer to a land without landmarks or lost livestock.

This root primarily concerns affliction, disaster, or calamity affecting property, livestock, or crops. It also extends to specific actions like stopping animals, a type of call, and a sound used to halt camels.

This root primarily relates to a lack of shame or excessive pride, and also to the act of driving or herding camels with a specific vocalization.

This root primarily concerns skill, excellence, and abundance, particularly in the context of animals and people. It also extends to meanings of exuberance, excess, and a specific place name.

This root pertains to the concept of breadth or wideness, specifically related to the back. It describes a physical attribute of being broad in the back.

This root primarily concerns deep understanding, comprehension, and knowledge, particularly of religious matters. It extends to the ability to grasp nuances and gain mastery in a subject, often through discussion and debate.

This root primarily concerns fruits, their consumption, and related activities. It extends to concepts of joy, amusement, and pleasant conversation, as well as specific types of trees and even personal characteristics like being cheerful or gossipy.

This root primarily concerns the mouth, its physical attributes, and actions associated with it like speaking and eating. It extends to the opening of things, and metaphorically to the beginning or essence of something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of speech impediment, specifically being tongue-tied or unable to articulate clearly. It also extends to the meaning of forgetting or being forgetful, and in a specific context, relates to being adept or skilled in managing wealth.

This root describes conditions related to the body, specifically skin ailments like pustules or peeling, and also a type of discoloration or hardening. It can refer to a physical affliction or a state resulting from injury.

This root appears to relate to concepts of closeness, proximity, or perhaps a specific location. The derived terms primarily denote places, including a location near Medina and a place on the coast of Oman, as well as a specific historical well.

This root primarily relates to a lack of appetite or desire, particularly for food. It also extends to describe camels that wander aimlessly or hold their heads high, and the act of moving without clear direction.

This root primarily relates to obedience, acceptance, and responsiveness. It also extends to concepts of abundance, ease of living, and specific geographical or textile terms.

This root primarily describes the act of laughing, specifically intense or repeated laughter. It also has a less common meaning related to generosity or abundance.

This root primarily concerns the concept of striking or hitting with force, causing damage or a significant impact. It extends to related ideas of breaking, splitting, and overcoming, as well as emotional distress and a specific vocalization.

This root primarily concerns the concept of aversion, dislike, and compulsion. It encompasses feelings of reluctance, things that are forced upon someone, and the act of disliking or hating. It also extends to hardship, war, and strong, unyielding entities.

This root appears to relate to the concept of encompassing, gathering, or being comprehensive. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to denote a leader or commander who brings forces together.

This root primarily concerns various forms of blindness, both literal and metaphorical, including congenital blindness, dimness of sight, and a clouded or obscured state. It also extends to metaphorical blindness of the mind, confusion, and a change in appearance.

This root primarily concerns the essence, core, or true nature of something. It extends to its ultimate limit, capacity, appointed time, or true aspect. It also refers to a specific plant with medicinal properties.

This root primarily relates to concepts of age, heaviness, and the sounds associated with exertion or distress. It encompasses terms for old animals and people, as well as onomatopoeic representations of sounds like heat, a lion's roar, or labored breathing.

This root primarily deals with states of confusion, perplexity, and dispersal. It can also refer to the act of investigating or inquiring into something.

This root appears to relate to cunning, trickery, and the inability to escape or maneuver. It describes someone who is outwitted or lacks agency, and also the act of testing or probing someone's cunning.

This root primarily relates to the uvula, the fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate. It encompasses the anatomical term for the uvula itself and potentially related actions or states.

This root pertains to the act of striking or hitting, specifically with the palm of the hand. It encompasses the action of striking and the resulting impact.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being fine, delicate, or beautiful, particularly in the context of hair. It also extends to the idea of following or pursuing something, and to a specific type of open, shimmering land.

This root primarily relates to shimmering, flickering, or dazzling light, often associated with mirages. It also extends to concepts of creation, agitation, and a specific type of snake.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of being high, elevated, and concealed. It is associated with the sun due to its perceived elevation and also refers to a specific idol.

This root primarily deals with concepts of distancing, boasting, and being confused or misguided. It encompasses actions related to moving away, claiming false merits, and experiencing bewilderment or idleness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of praise, commendation, and extolling someone or something. It encompasses the act of praising, the praise itself, and the one who praises.

This root primarily relates to the eye, specifically its appearance when lacking kohl or becoming unhealthy. It also extends to concepts of purity, whiteness, and water collection, as well as metaphorical states of sickness or weakness.

This root primarily deals with the concept of jesting, joking, and playful interaction. It encompasses the act of joking, the nature of jesting, and related playful behaviors.

This root primarily relates to the concept of moving or traveling across the land. It signifies going, spreading, or traversing through a place, often implying a journey or exploration.

This root describes a specific type of undesirable bluish-white discoloration, often associated with the eyes or skin. It also encompasses terms for remoteness, barrenness of land, and a reddish appearance of the eyes and eyelids due to a lack of eyelashes.

This root primarily relates to concepts of goodness, beauty, and pleasantness. It also extends to meanings of excusing, going to extremes, and the loss or departure of reason.

This root primarily concerns gentleness, ease, and the ability to endure or tolerate. It extends to concepts of softness, beauty, and a moderate pace. It also encompasses notions of hope, the distant and desolate, and restraint.

This root primarily concerns the concept of water, its presence, its use, and its effects. It extends to related ideas like moisture, flow, and even metaphorical applications such as luster, deception, and the act of watering or irrigating.

This root primarily concerns the act of coating or gilding, particularly swords, with a thin layer of gold. It also extends to the process of drawing water from a well, implying a similar action of extraction or depletion.

This root primarily concerns awareness, alertness, and waking up. It extends to concepts of recognition, prominence, and finding lost things. It also encompasses notions of nobility and importance.

This root primarily concerns the act of repelling, rejecting, or turning someone away, often in an unpleasant or harsh manner. It can also refer to entering a place and finding it disagreeable, or to the act of flying.

This root primarily relates to the act of driving or urging animals, particularly camels, forward. It also extends to concepts of abundance, large numbers, and the act of becoming full or complete.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being distant, remote, or separated. It extends to places that are far from settlements or undesirable elements, and to individuals who are morally upright and detached from base desires. It also covers the act of moving away from something, whether physically or metaphorically.

This root primarily describes weakness, exhaustion, and a lack of strength, particularly in spirit or physical capacity. It also extends to concepts of taking a small portion of something or finding rest.

This root primarily concerns the concept of recovery from illness or a state of weakness, and by extension, understanding or comprehending something. It also touches upon the idea of finding satisfaction or relief.

This root primarily concerns the act of smelling or exhaling, particularly related to breath and scent. It extends to the intense heat of the sun and the specific scent of an animal's mouth.

This root pertains to a state of confusion or bewilderment. It describes a feeling of being lost or uncertain, often due to a lack of clarity or direction.

This root primarily relates to the concept of restraining, deterring, or preventing someone from doing something. It also has a secondary meaning referring to a type of thin, finely woven fabric.

This root primarily relates to concepts of elevation, reaching a limit, and cessation. It also encompasses related ideas like calling out, praising, and mourning.

This root primarily relates to the concept of elevation, height, and prominence. It also encompasses the idea of reaching a limit or being satisfied, and can describe something that is lofty or distinguished.