Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the concept of swaying, wavering, or moving unsteadily. It can describe physical movement, such as a person or object swaying, or a more abstract sense of indecision or wavering in opinion.

The root هبت (habata) primarily relates to striking, hitting, and causing harm or damage. It extends to meanings of being struck, weakened, or diminished in status or intellect, often implying a loss of reason or courage. It can also describe a state of being subdued, humbled, or even killed.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of breaking, crushing, and shattering. It extends to concepts of speaking rapidly, pouring continuously, and also describes someone who is talkative or light-footed.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of tearing, ripping, and making something wide or spacious, particularly the mouth or jaws. It extends to descriptions of wide mouths, excessive talkativeness, and also to the idea of being loose or unable to keep secrets. Additionally, it relates to the cooking of meat until it is very tender.

This root appears to relate to wells and water sources, specifically a collection of wells in a particular region. It also touches upon the idea of ancient structures or places associated with these wells.

This root primarily relates to the act of scraping or peeling, particularly of skin or blood, and also describes a specific type of reddish plant. It extends to the idea of moving or running quickly, possibly derived from the scraping motion.

This root primarily concerns low-lying, sunken, or deep depressions in the earth. It extends to metaphorical uses describing difficult or impassable terrain, and also a specific time in the night.

The root وبت (w-b-t) primarily denotes the concept of staying or remaining in a place. It signifies a prolonged presence, often implying a settled or fixed position.

This root pertains to the specific sound or cry made by a type of bird, the turtledove (warshān). It describes the act of making this sound and the sound itself.

This root appears to relate to something undesirable or lacking in goodness, specifically in the context of food. It suggests a quality of being unappetizing or worthless.

This root primarily concerns the concept of time, its measurement, and its designation. It extends to the idea of setting a specific time or limit for something, and by extension, a place associated with a specific time or ritual.

This root primarily concerns the concept of diminishing, reducing, or falling short of something, particularly in fulfilling one's rights or duties. It can also relate to the act of entrusting or delegating tasks.

This root primarily deals with the concept of pressing, crushing, or trampling something forcefully. It also extends to the meaning of something becoming rotten or putrid, particularly meat.

This root primarily concerns the gemstone ruby. It is noted as a Persian loanword adapted into Arabic, with specific grammatical forms for singular, plural, and the gem itself.

This root primarily concerns plants, specifically their growth and the thorny trees that bear fruit. It also extends to the thorny trees themselves and their fruits, with a focus on their prickly nature and the seed pods.

This root primarily describes the process of a wound or flesh becoming putrid and foul-smelling. It conveys a sense of decay and corruption, specifically related to organic matter.

This root primarily relates to negative speech and actions, specifically slander and accusations before authorities. It also encompasses states of poverty, and a peculiar condition of intoxication from drinking camel milk.

This root primarily denotes abundance, largeness, and density, particularly concerning physical things like plants, hair, and wealth. It can also refer to the act of making something abundant or well-furnished, and by extension, to acquiring wealth or possessions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'female' in contrast to 'male', extending to notions of softness, gentleness, and yielding. It also encompasses terms related to specific body parts, types of plants, and qualities of weapons, often with a connotation of being less sharp or potent.

This root primarily concerns the act of spreading, scattering, or disseminating something, whether it be information, people, or physical objects. It also extends to the idea of revealing or making known, and can denote a state of distress or intense sorrow.

The root 'بحث' primarily relates to the act of searching, digging, or investigating. It encompasses physically digging in the earth, inquiring about something, and metaphorically uncovering hidden matters or secrets. The root also extends to descriptions of animals that dig or move earth, and places associated with such actions.

This root primarily describes soft, easy, and fertile land, often sandy or loamy. It can also refer to a specific type of terrain and, metaphorically, to a guide. Some derived forms relate to confusion or luxurious living.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly obscure, with limited attestations. The primary meanings relate to the act of sending or raising, similar to the root بعث, and also to a specific place.

This root primarily relates to a type of insect, specifically a flea. It also extends to describe a color resembling spleen.

The root 'بعث' primarily concerns the concept of sending, dispatching, or raising. This includes sending someone alone or with others, sending troops for war, and the act of resurrection or awakening from sleep. It also extends to initiating or causing something to happen, like sending down punishment or stirring up emotions.

This root primarily describes colors, specifically a whitish hue tinged with green or red. It also extensively covers a category of birds, often characterized by their color, lack of predatory nature, or weakness, and is used metaphorically for low-ranking individuals.

This root primarily deals with the concept of mixing or confusing things. It can apply to abstract matters like one's affairs or speech, as well as concrete items like food.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of plant. The primary derived lemma refers to this plant, with a poetic example illustrating its use.

This root appears to be related to a specific place name. The primary derived lemma refers to a location, with a quote illustrating its usage in classical Arabic.

This root primarily relates to pleasantness, cheerfulness, and good reception. It also extends to terms for offspring, specific tribes, and even a type of wild cow.

This root appears to relate to the concept of speed and haste in undertaking an action or task. It describes a swiftness in getting involved with or executing something.

This root primarily relates to the act of searching, digging, and scattering or dispersing things. It encompasses actions like investigating a place, excavating, mixing earth, and spreading out possessions.

This root primarily relates to the act of digging, excavating, and extracting something from the ground, often soil or water from a well. It also extends to the idea of stirring up or provoking something, and in a derived sense, refers to a type of sea fish.

The root 'تفث' primarily relates to the removal of hair, trimming of nails, and general purification rituals, particularly in the context of Hajj pilgrimage. It encompasses actions taken to end the state of Ihram and fulfill religious obligations, often involving shedding the unkempt appearance acquired during the pilgrimage.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of vegetation found in saline or marshy soil. The primary derived term describes this plant.

This root primarily relates to fruits, specifically grapes and their harvest, and also appears in place names.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'three' and ordinal numbers related to it. It extends to forming groups of three, being the third in a sequence, and fractions like one-third. It also covers related concepts like triangular shapes and days of the week.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'three' or 'a third'. It extends to numerical multiples, fractions, and quantities related to this number. It also encompasses derived meanings like being triangular, a third party, or a specific measure.

This root appears to be related to the concept of covering or veiling, possibly in a protective or concealing manner. It is associated with specific types of coverings or garments.

This root primarily describes a state of heaviness, slowness, or being weighed down, often associated with movement or carrying burdens. It also extends to meanings of fear, agitation, and the transmission of news, as well as describing negative character traits and specific geographical locations.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly nonce-based, primarily used to describe a woman with negative attributes. It seems to denote a woman of ill repute or a dark-skinned woman, with its quadriliteral nature highlighted as unusual.

The root جثث primarily relates to the concept of cutting, uprooting, or extracting something completely. It extends to describe the physical body or form, and also encompasses terms for young plants, remnants, and even specific types of honeycombs or dead insects.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a grave or tomb. It also extends to the act of burying someone and places associated with graves, including a specific place name derived from the root.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of fish, known as 'al-jarīth'. The entry discusses its identification, permissibility of consumption, and its resemblance to snakes.

This root primarily concerns the concept of origin, foundation, or the core part of something, particularly in relation to plants and lineage. It also extends to describe skilled craftsmen, specifically blacksmiths, and the quality of iron.

This root appears to describe a state of being overwhelmed or agitated, particularly by fear or anger. It suggests a loss of composure or self-control due to intense emotion.