Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily refers to young, strong, or large creatures, particularly ostriches. It also extends to concepts of robustness and perhaps even a type of bird.

This root primarily relates to concepts of largeness, height, and robustness, often applied to physical entities like animals, plants, and structures. It can also refer to specific types of buildings, particularly Christian churches or idol houses.

This root primarily concerns interrogative particles and expressions of invitation or entreaty. It also extends to terms for specific objects and tribal names, showcasing a semantic range from inquiry to concrete entities.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of flowing, falling, and being left neglected or abandoned. It extends to describe neglected animals, abandoned matters, and even the flow of tears or rain. The root also touches upon the idea of something being loose or insignificant.

This root describes a specific type of limping or uneven gait, particularly associated with hyenas. It also extends to describe a person adopting such a gait, implying awkwardness or a physical defect.

This root appears to be related to a specific place or location. The primary meaning revolves around a geographical site.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to something heavy or ponderous. Its derived forms are scarce and seem to be archaic or specialized.

This root appears to describe something large, heavy, or unwieldy. It can also refer to weakness, laxity, or foolishness, possibly as a consequence of being overly large or uncoordinated.

This root primarily concerns fear, terror, and dread, often stemming from the unknown or overwhelming aspects of a situation. It extends to concepts of awe, astonishment, and things that inspire these feelings, as well as related phenomena like illusions and frightening appearances.

This root primarily concerns the act of pouring, scattering, or causing something to fall or flow, often in large quantities like sand or dust. It extends to concepts of abundance, lack of firmness, and even metaphorical meanings related to reputation and wealth.

This root primarily deals with the concept of 'firstness' or 'beginning', often in relation to time or sequence. It also extends to meanings of refuge, escape, and the accumulation of animal droppings, with some derived terms being proper names.

This root primarily concerns heavy, abundant rain, often with large drops. It extends to concepts of intensity, severity, and unpleasantness, particularly in the context of food, places, and punishment. It also encompasses physical attributes like thickness and heaviness, and can refer to specific objects like staffs or bundles.

This root primarily describes individuals who are excessively full, particularly from drinking or eating. It also extends to the concept of being firmly established or rooted.

This root primarily relates to origins, foundations, and accumulation, particularly concerning wealth and resources. It also extends to descriptions of weakness, natural materials like fiber, and specific places or names.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of fear, apprehension, and anxiety. It describes the state of being fearful, the act of fearing, and related concepts like trembling and being startled. It also extends to describe specific animals and places associated with fear or danger.

This root primarily concerns mud, mire, and being stuck in it. It extends to the concept of being bogged down or burdened, both literally and figuratively.

This root primarily relates to the action of churning or agitating a liquid, specifically milk in a waterskin. It describes the process of making butter or yogurt through vigorous movement.

This root primarily relates to agility, lightness, and swiftness, often applied to people or animals. It also extends to meanings of refined or polished substances, particularly silver, and by extension, good counsel or insight.

This root primarily concerns a large desert lizard known as the 'waral', its physical characteristics, and its habitat. It also touches upon related terms for its plural forms, a place name, and a metaphorical expression for a grave matter.

This root primarily concerns the concept of seeking closeness, proximity, or a means to achieve something. It extends to the idea of a position or rank that facilitates this closeness, and metaphorically, to theft as a clandestine means of acquisition.

This root primarily concerns the concept of slow, dripping, or trickling liquid, often water from a height. It extends to meanings of scarcity, weakness, and deficiency, both literally and figuratively.

The root 'waṣala' (وصل) primarily relates to connection, joining, and reaching. It encompasses concepts of physical attachment, continuity, and the act of arriving at a destination. The root also extends to metaphorical connections, such as emotional bonds or the joining of poetic verses.

This root primarily deals with the concept of scarcity and smallness. It describes things that are few in number or quantity, often implying a lack or insufficiency.

This root primarily concerns the concept of ascending or climbing, especially in difficult terrain like mountains. It extends to descriptions of animals adept at such movement and also refers to geological features and specific types of trees and their fruits.

This root primarily concerns sounds of distress, lamentation, and wailing, particularly by women. It also extends to the sounds made by animals and, metaphorically, to a specific sword known for its deadly effectiveness.

This root primarily concerns states of fear, panic, and alarm, often accompanied by weakness or confusion. It also extends to meanings of error, forgetfulness, and being mistaken, particularly in the context of misdirected thought or perception.

This root appears to be related to proper nouns, specifically tribal names or possibly place names. The provided text focuses on the etymology and classification of a specific tribal name, 'Wahbīl', and its potential origins.

The root 'ويل' primarily denotes severe misfortune, punishment, and destruction. It is used as an exclamation of distress, a curse, or a warning of dire consequences. The root encompasses concepts of suffering, ruin, and extreme hardship.

The root 'w-y-l' primarily denotes extreme misfortune, destruction, and a dire warning, often associated with divine punishment in hell. It encompasses expressions of woe, condemnation, and intense suffering, with nuances distinguishing between a state of ruin and a warning of impending doom.

This root primarily describes a condition of the teeth, specifically their shortness, closeness, and inward curvature towards the mouth. It also extends to descriptions of smoothness and flatness, and is used in place names and personal names.

This root primarily concerns sin, guilt, and wrongdoing. It encompasses the concepts of committing a sin, being sinful, and the consequences or punishment for sin. It also extends to the idea of repenting from sin or avoiding it.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of aversion, dislike, and weariness stemming from monotony or overexposure. It extends to concepts of intensity, particularly in heat and anger, and also encompasses physical structures like forts and dense vegetation.

This root primarily concerns concepts of connection, agreement, and blending. It extends to the idea of seasoning or enhancing food, and metaphorically to making things agreeable or likable. It also covers the skin of animals and humans, and colors associated with it.

This root primarily relates to the earth, its surface, and its color, often described as reddish-brown or dusty. It also extends to concepts of permanence, sustenance, and specific geographical features or types of land.

This root primarily concerns the concept of eating, consuming, or destroying. It extends to ideas of depletion, thoroughness, and thorough consumption, often applied to natural phenomena like drought or famine. It also encompasses related physical concepts like grinding teeth, and in a more abstract sense, origins and foundations.

This root primarily relates to the lion, with 'Usamah' being a common name for it. It also touches upon personal names and the concept of naming, though the latter is discussed in relation to a different root.

This root primarily concerns feelings of deep-seated resentment, anger, and envy. It extends to the act of harboring these emotions, as well as physically clinging or attaching to something, often with aggression.

This root primarily concerns elevated landforms, specifically hills or mounds made of earth or stones. It extends to describe features of the body, particularly fleshy parts around the hips, and also carries a meaning related to consuming or depleting resources.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pain, suffering, and affliction. It encompasses physical pain, emotional distress, and the act of causing or experiencing these states. Derived terms describe the pain itself, those who experience it, and the intensity of the suffering.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'intending,' 'aiming for,' or 'heading towards' a destination or goal. It extends to leadership, guidance, and following a path or way of life, encompassing notions of religion, state, and condition.