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ءثم

Root entry · 30 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns sin, guilt, and wrongdoing. It encompasses the concepts of committing a sin, being sinful, and the consequences or punishment for sin. It also extends to the idea of repenting from sin or avoiding it.

Derived headwords

الإثمnoun
  1. 1.
    sinboth

    A transgression or offense against divine law or moral principles; a wrongdoing.

  2. 2.
    guiltboth

    The state of being responsible for a transgression or offense.

  3. 3.
    wrongdoingboth

    An act that is morally wrong or illegal.

والإثم والبغي بغير الحق — And sin and oppression without right.
أثمَverb
  1. 1.
    to commit sinboth

    To fall into sin or commit a transgression.

أثم فلان، بالكسر، يأثم إثما ومأثما أي وقع في الإثم — So-and-so committed sin, falling into sin.
يأثمverb
  1. 1.
    to commit sinboth

    Present tense of 'to commit sin'.

يأثم إثما ومأثما أي وقع في الإثم — He commits sin, falling into sin.
إثماnoun
  1. 1.
    sinboth

    The sin or transgression that was committed.

فإن عثر على أنهما استحقا إثما — If it is discovered that they have incurred sin.
آثمadjective
  1. 1.
    sinfulboth

    Committing or characterized by sin.

لم إيثم أراد ما في قومها أحد يفضلها — I would not be sinful, meaning no one in her tribe surpasses her.
إيثمverb
  1. 1.
    to be sinfulclassical

    A dialectal variant of 'آثم' (to be sinful), with a broken hamza.

لم إيثم ؛ هي لغة لبعض العرب في آثم — I would not be sinful; it is a dialect of some Arabs for 'āthima'.
تأثمverb
  1. 1.
    to repent from sinboth

    To repent from sin and seek forgiveness for it.

  2. 2.
    to avoid sinboth

    To act in a way that avoids sin or keeps away from it.

تأثم الرجل: تاب من الإثم واستغفر منه — The man repented from sin and sought forgiveness for it.
تأثما أي تجنبا للإثم — Seeking to avoid sin.
تأثماnoun
  1. 1.
    avoidance of sinboth

    The act of avoiding sin or seeking to be free from it.

تأثما أي تجنبا للإثم — Seeking to avoid sin.
آثامnoun
  1. 1.
    sinsboth

    Plural of 'إثم' (sin).

وجمع الإثم آثام، لا يكسر على غير ذلك — And the plural of 'ithm' is 'āthām', it is not broken otherwise.
مأثمnoun
  1. 1.
    sinboth

    The act or state of sinning; a sin.

  2. 2.
    place of sinclassical

    A place where sin is committed or where one incurs sin.

يأثم إثما ومأثما أي وقع في الإثم — He falls into sin, committing sin.
آثمadjective
  1. 1.
    sinfulboth

    One who commits sin.

فهو آثم وأثيم وأثوم أيضا — So he is sinful, and 'athīm' and 'athūm' also.
أثيمadjective
  1. 1.
    sinfulboth

    Greatly sinful or wicked.

  2. 2.
    sinnerboth

    One who is habitually sinful.

فهو آثم وأثيم وأثوم أيضا — So he is sinful, and 'athīm' and 'athūm' also.
إن شجرة الزقوم طعام الأثيم — Indeed, the tree of الزقوم is the food of the sinful.
أثومadjective
  1. 1.
    very sinfulboth

    Extremely sinful or prone to sin.

فهو آثم وأثيم وأثوم أيضا — So he is sinful, and 'athīm' and 'athūm' also.
أثمه اللهverb
  1. 1.
    God condemned himboth

    God counted it as a sin against him or punished him for it.

  2. 2.
    God recompensed himclassical

    God recompensed him with the punishment for his sin.

أثمه الله في كذا يأثمه ويأثمه أي عده عليه إثما — God condemned him for such-and-such, counting it as a sin against him.
يأثمهverb
  1. 1.
    to condemn himboth

    Present tense of 'God condemned him'.

  2. 2.
    to recompense himclassical

    Present tense of 'God recompensed him'.

أثمه الله في كذا يأثمه ويأثمه أي عده عليه إثما — God condemned him for such-and-such, counting it as a sin against him.
مأثومadjective
  1. 1.
    condemnedboth

    One who is condemned or punished for sin.

  2. 2.
    recompensedclassical

    One who is recompensed with the punishment for his sin.

فالعبد مأثوم أي مجزي جزاء إثمه — So the servant is recompensed, meaning he is rewarded with the recompense of his sin.
أثاماnoun
  1. 1.
    punishmentboth

    The recompense or punishment for sin.

  2. 2.
    valley in Hellclassical

    A valley in Hell.

يلق أثاما — He will be met with punishment.
له أثام — It has punishments.
الأثامnoun
  1. 1.
    punishment for sinboth

    The recompense or penalty for sin.

  2. 2.
    sinclassical

    Sin itself.

الأثام: جزاء الإثم — Al-athām: the recompense of sin.
من عض على شبذعه سلم من الأثام — Whoever bites on his muzzle is safe from punishment.
آثمهverb
  1. 1.
    to cause to sinclassical

    To cause someone to fall into sin.

آثمه، بالمد: أوقعه في الإثم؛ عن الزجاج — Āthama, with lengthening: to cause to fall into sin; from Al-Zajjaj.
أثّمهverb
  1. 1.
    to accuse of sinclassical

    To tell someone that they have sinned.

وأثمه، بالتشديد: قال له أثمت — And 'aththama', with doubling: to say to him, 'You have sinned'.
تأثمverb
  1. 1.
    to refrain from sinboth

    To be scrupulous or to abstain from sin.

تأثم: تحرج من الإثم وكف عنه — Ta'aththama: to be scrupulous about sin and refrain from it.
أثيمadjective
  1. 1.
    sinfulboth

    A sinner; one who commits sin.

ورجل أثام من قوم آثمين، وأثيم من قوم أثماء — And a man 'athām' from sinful people, and 'athīm' from 'athmā' people.
أثومadjective
  1. 1.
    very sinfulboth

    One who is very sinful.

وأثوم من قوم أثم — And 'athūm' from a people of 'athm'.
آثمهverb
  1. 1.
    to make sinfulclassical

    To make someone sinful or find them sinful.

آثمه الله يؤثمه، على أفعله، أي جعله آثما وألفاه آثما — God made him sinful, meaning He made him sinful and found him sinful.
المأثمnoun
  1. 1.
    sinboth

    The sin itself or the thing that causes sin.

  2. 2.
    that which incurs sinclassical

    The act or thing that leads to sin.

اللهم إني أعوذ بك من المأثم والمغرم — O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and debt.
المآثمnoun
  1. 1.
    sinsboth

    Plural of 'المأثم' (sin).

وجمعه المآثم — And its plural is 'al-ma'āthim'.
تأثيمnoun
  1. 1.
    sinningclassical

    The act of sinning or incurring sin.

لا لغو فيها ولا تأثيم — No vain talk therein nor any sin.
الإثمnoun
  1. 1.
    wineclassical

    A name for wine, as drinking it is a sin.

شربت الإثم حتى ضل عقلي — I drank wine until my mind was lost.
تأثمهverb
  1. 1.
    to be slowclassical

    Said of a she-camel that is slow in walking.

أثمت الناقة المشي تأثمه إثما: أبطأت — The she-camel was slow in walking, 'ta'aththamat' meaning it slowed down.
آثماتadjective
  1. 1.
    slow (camels)classical

    Plural of 'آثمة' (slow she-camel).

إذا كذب الآثمات الهجيرا — When the slow ones deceive in the midday heat.

Parallel reading

الإثم: الذنب، وقيل: هو أن يعمل ما لا يحل له.
Al-ithm: the sin, and it is said: it is to do what is not permissible for one.
والإثم والبغي بغير الحق .
And sin and oppression without right.
فإن عثر على أنهما استحقا إثما ؛ أي ما أثم فيه.
If it is discovered that they have incurred sin; meaning what they sinned in.
وقد أثم يأثم؛ قال: لو قلت ما في قومها لم تيثم أراد ما في قومها أحد يفضلها.
And he sinned, he sins; he said: If you said there is no one in her tribe who surpasses her, you would not be sinful, meaning no one in her tribe surpasses her.
هي لغة لبعض العرب في آثم، وذلك أنهم يكسرون حرف المضارعة في نحو نعلم وتعلم، فلما كسروا الهمزة في إأثم انقلبت الهمزة الأصلية ياء.
It is a dialect of some Arabs for 'āthima', which is that they used to put a kasra on the مضارعة letter in forms like 'na'lamu' and 'ta'lamu', so when they put a kasra on the hamza in 'i'athim', the original hamza turned into a yaa'.
وتأثم الرجل: تاب من الإثم واستغفر منه، وهو على السلب كأنه سلب ذاته الإثم بالتوبة والاستغفار أو رام ذلك بهما.
And the man repented from sin: he repented from sin and sought forgiveness for it, and it is on the basis of negation as if he stripped himself of sin by repentance and seeking forgiveness, or intended that by them.
فأخبر بها عند موته تأثما أي تجنبا للإثم؛ يقال: تأثم فلان إذا فعل فعلا خرج به من الإثم، كما يقال تحرج إذا فعل ما يخرج به عن الحرج؛
So he informed about it at his death, seeking to avoid sin; it is said: So-and-so avoided sin if he did an act by which he exited sin, just as it is said he was scrupulous if he did what exited him from scruple;
ما علمنا أحدا منهم ترك الصلاة على أحد من أهل القبلة تأثما
We did not know any of them to abandon praying over any of the people of the Qibla out of avoidance of sin.
فيهما إثم كبير ومنافع للناس وإثمهما أكبر من نفعهما ؛
In them is great sin and [many] benefits for people, but their sin is greater than their benefit.
قال ثعلب: كانوا إذا قامروا فقمروا أطعموا منه وتصدقوا، فالإطعام والصدقة منفعة، والإثم القمار، وهو أن يهلك الرجل ويذهب ماله، وجمع الإثم آثام، لا يكسر على غير ذلك.
Thal'ab said: When they gambled and won, they would eat from it and give charity, so eating and charity are benefits, and the sin is gambling, which is when a man is ruined and his wealth is gone, and the plural of 'ithm' is 'āthām', it is not broken otherwise.
وأثم فلان، بالكسر، يأثم إثما ومأثما أي وقع في الإثم، فهو آثم وأثيم وأثوم أيضا.
And so-and-so sinned, with a kasra, he sins, 'ithman' and 'ma'thaman', meaning he fell into sin, so he is 'āthim', 'athīm', and 'athūm' also.
أثمه الله في كذا يأثمه ويأثمه أي عده عليه إثما ؛
God condemned him for such-and-such, He condemns him and condemns him, meaning He counted it as a sin against him;
أثمه الله يأثمه عاقبه بالإثم؛
God punished him, He punishes him, meaning He punished him with sin;
وقال الفراء: أثمه الله يأثمه إثما وأثاما إذا جازاه جزاء الإثم، فالعبد مأثوم أي مجزي جزاء إثمه،
And Al-Farra' said: God recompensed him, He recompensed him with 'ithman' and 'athāman' if He rewarded him with the recompense of sin, so the servant is recompensed, meaning he is rewarded with the recompense of his sin,
وهل يأثمني الله في أن ذكرتها، ... وعللت أصحابي بها ليلة النفر؟
And will God punish me for mentioning her, ... and I entertained my companions with it on the night of departure?
والأثام: جزاء الإثم.
And 'al-athām': the recompense of sin.
وفي التنزيل العزيز: يلق أثاما ، أراد مجازاة الأثام يعني العقوبة.
And in the Noble Qur'an: 'He will be met with 'athāman'', meaning the recompense of sins, i.e., punishment.
قال أبو إسحاق: تأويل الأثام المجازاة.
Abu Ishaq said: The interpretation of 'al-athām' is recompense.
فإن الخليل وسيبويه يذهبان إلى أن معناه يلق جزاء الأثام؛
For Al-Khalil and Sibawayh go to the meaning that he will be met with the recompense of sins;
جزى الله ابن عروة حيث أمسى ... عقوقا، والعقوق له أثام أي عقوبة مجازاة العقوق، وهي قطيعة الرحم.
May God recompense Ibn 'Urwah where he became ... disobedient, and disobedience has 'athām' for it, meaning the recompense of disobedience, which is severing ties of kinship.
الأثام، بالفتح: الإثم.
Al-athām, with a fatha: sin.
يقال: أثم يأثم أثاما، وقيل: هو جزاء الإثم، وشبذعه لسانه.
It is said: 'athima' he sins 'athāman', and it is said: it is the recompense of sin, and his tongue was sharp.
بل قلت بعض القوم غير مؤثم
Rather, I said some of the people are not sinful.
وأثمه، بالتشديد: قال له أثمت.
And 'aththama', with doubling: to say to him, 'You have sinned'.
تجنبت هجران الحبيب تأثما، ... إلا إن هجران الحبيب هو الإثم
I avoided abandoning the beloved out of scrupulousness, ... except that abandoning the beloved is the sin itself.
ورجل أثام من قوم آثمين، وأثيم من قوم أثماء.
And a man 'athām' from sinful people, and 'athīm' from 'athmā' people.
إن شجرة الزقوم طعام الأثيم ؛
Indeed, the tree of الزقوم is the food of the sinful;
قال الفراء: الأثيم الفاجر، وقال الزجاج: عني به هنا أبو جهل بن هشام، وأثوم من قوم أثم؛
Al-Farra' said: 'Al-athīm' means the wicked, and Al-Zajjaj said: It refers here to Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, and 'athūm' from a people of 'athm';
التهذيب: الأثيم في هذه الآية بمعنى الآثم.
Al-Tahdhib: 'Al-athīm' in this verse means 'al-āthim'.
يقال: آثمه الله يؤثمه، على أفعله، أي جعله آثما وألفاه آثما.
It is said: God made him sinful, He makes him sinful, on the pattern of 'af'alahu', meaning He made him sinful and found him sinful.
المأثم: الأثام، وجمعه المآثم.
Al-ma'tham: 'al-athām', and its plural is 'al-ma'āthim'.
اللهم إني أعوذ بك من المأثم والمغرم ؛
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and debt;
المأثم: الأمر الذي يأثم به الإنسان أو هو الإثم نفسه، وضعا للمصدر موضع الاسم.
Al-ma'tham: The thing by which a person sins or it is the sin itself, placing the masdar in the position of the noun.
لا لغو فيها ولا تأثيم ، يجوز أن يكون مصدر أثم، قال ابن سيده: ولم أسمع به، قال: ويجوز أن يكون اسما كما ذهب إليه سيبويه في التنبيت والتمتين؛
No vain talk therein nor any 'ta'thīm', it may be the masdar of 'athima', Ibn Sidah said: And I have not heard it, he said: And it may be a noun as Sibawayh went regarding 'tanbīt' and 'tamīn';
شربت الإثم حتى ضل عقلي، ... كذاك الإثم تذهب بالعقول
I drank wine until my mind was lost, ... thus wine takes away the minds.
قال ابن سيده: وعندي أنه إنما سماها إثما لأن شربها إثم، قال: وقال رجل في مجلس أبي العباس: نشرب الإثم بالصواع جهارا، ... وترى المسك بيننا مستعارا
Ibn Sidah said: And in my opinion, it was only named 'ithm' because drinking it is a sin, he said: And a man said in the presence of Abu Al-Abbas: We drink wine openly from the 'ṣawāʿ', ... and you see musk exchanged among us.
أثمت الناقة المشي تأثمه إثما: أبطأت؛
The she-camel was slow in walking, 'ta'aththamat' meaning it slowed down;
جمالية تغتلي بالرداف، ... إذا كذب الآثمات الهجيرا
A she-camel that travels swiftly with its rider, ... when the slow ones deceive in the midday heat.
يقال: ناقة آثمة ونوق آثمات أي مبطئات.
It is said: a slow she-camel and slow she-camels, meaning slow ones.